新高考新题型语法填空做题技巧适用于全国.docx
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新高考新题型语法填空做题技巧适用于全国
新高考新题型语法填空做题技巧
语法填空题分为两种：
横线后没有单词和横线后有单词。
一：
首先要掌握词与词之间搭配要点
1.形容词或冠词后的中心词要用名词。
2.修饰形容词，动词或副词要用副词。
3.修饰整个句子用副词。
4.介词后用名词或动词的ing形式。
二：
横线后没有单词做题技巧
当横线后没有要填的词时，就想到要填的是
1.冠词（a,an,the）
例1Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof_____mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.
例2WhenIseethechildintheshop,IthinkofLucy.Shewas________shyandbeautifulgirl.
（3）Thelittleboypulled________righthandoutofthepocket…
2.介词（固定短语，时间的搭配，地点搭配）：
•与名词相连构成介宾短语等
•与不及物动词构成动词短语
例3Hewaswalkingalongthestreet_______aguninhishand.
例4Onemorning,Iwaswaiting______thebusstop,worriedaboutbeinglateforschool.
3.关系词（定语从句）
1）关系代词who,whom，which,whose,that,as
例5Hespentmuchtimeteachingherhowtoskate,butshestilldidn'tlearnmuch,_______madehimveryangry.
例6Maybeyouhaveahabit_____________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.
例7Those______listenedtothedoctor'sadvicefinallyunderstoodtheydidn'tneedclothes.
2）关系副词when,where,why
例8Thesearethereasons______wedoit.
例9Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.
例10Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.
4.连接词（名词性从句）
1）连接词：
that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）
2）连接代词：
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.,whichever,whomever
3）连接副词：
when,where,how,why
例11Hestoppedtosee_______hadbithim,andthedoveimmediatelyflewaway.
例12_________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.
例13Thequestionis_______________weshouldgoonwiththeworkornot.
5.连接词（状语从句）
从句
类型
常用连接词
特殊连接词
时间状语从句
when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，assoonas
◎一些时间名词：
themoment，theinstant，theminute，theday，nexttime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime
◎一些副词：
instantly，immediately，directly
◎固定搭配的连词：
nosooner…than，hardly/scarcely…when
地点状语从句
where
wherever，anywhere
原因状语从句
because，since，as，for
seeingthat，consideringthat，giventhat，inthat，nowthat，forthereasonthat
目的状语从句
so（that），inorderthat
lest，forfearthat，incase
结果状语从句
so/such…that，sothat
tothe/suchadegreethat，tothe/suchanextentthat
条件状语从句
if，unless，aslongas
suppose，supposing，providing，provided，onconditionthat
让步状语从句
although，though，eventhough，evenif
while（一般用于句首），as（用于倒装结构），wh－ever＝nomatterwh－，whether…or…
比较状语从句
as，than
themore…，themore…
方式状语从句
as，asif/though
the（same）way，AistoBwhatCistoD
例14Shegetsscaredevennow______________shethinksaboutit.
例15_____everyonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.
例16Hewassotired_____hecouldn'tgo.
例17_______________regularexerciseisveryimportant,it'sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.
例18Pleaseputthemedicine______childrencan'treachit.
例19Hecan'tcome________heisill.
6.并列连词（并列句）：
and,or,but,otherwise,while
7.固定搭配
either…or…;both…and…;notonly…butalso…;not…but…neither…nor
8.代词
1）it,this,that,these,those
2）在句子中充当形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.
9.特殊句型：
强调句：
itis…that/who
三：
横线后有单词做题技巧
1.名词考单复数
2.人称代词考主格，宾格，形物，名物，反身代词的转换。
人称
单复数
称呼
主格
宾格
形容词形物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词
第一人称
单数
我
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
我们
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
你
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
你们
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
他
he
him
his
his
himself
单数
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
单数
它
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
他（它）们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
3.形容词和副词考原级，比较级，最高级。
例20Actuallyitwasthe___________（weak）place.
例21Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________（clean）thanever.
4.数词考基数词和序数词的转换。
5.动词分为两种情况
1）在句子中作非谓语时，要想到todo,doing和done三种形式。
A）动词不定式分为：
1.将来式
（1）主动todosth.
（2）被动tobedone
2.进行式
（1）tobedoing
3.完成式
（1）主动tohavedonesth.
（2）被动tohavebeendone
B）现在分词分为：
1.一般式
（1）主动式doing
（2）被动式beingdone
2.完成式
（1）主动式havingdone
（2）被动式havingbeendone
C）过去分词分为：
done表完成，被动
例22Hesawthestone,______（say）tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”
例23______（see）fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.
例24Ittookyearsofwork__________（reduce）theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.
2）在句子中作谓语时，是考时态和语态，根据句子情况确定用什么时态，还有用不用被动语态。
例25In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheriver.It_____（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.
例26Whenfatandsalt_____________（remove）fromthefood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.
例27Thiscycle________（go）dayafterday:
Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenight.
6.当横线前是情态动词时，如果是主动语态，那么直接把括号里的动词填上去；如果是被动语态，那么加上be,然后再把括号里的动词改为过去分词填上去。
7.考名词，动词，形容词和副词之间的转换（背记实词的拼写）
例28BecauseonlyTimeiscapableofunderstandinghow______________（value）Loveis.
例29Whilethereare_______（amaze）storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe________（change）aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.Justbe________（patience）.
例30Itwouldbe___________（believe）thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends.
高考真题
第一组2018高考试题
1.【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears___61___（long）thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___62___（see）thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___63___（die）earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit___64___（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife___65___walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014___66___showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall___67___（cause）.
Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68___（strength）yourlegmuscles（肌肉）,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways___69___（energy）.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive___70___atry.
2.【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry___61___（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.
Atasteformeatis___63___（actual）behindthechange:
Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:
Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___（improve）waterquality.Cornuseslesswater___65___riceandcreateslessfertilizer（化肥）runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___（pollute）inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___（globe）fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment___68___（start）asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission（排放）of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile___70___（feed）itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.
3.【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'mnotsure_____61_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla（大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe
___63___（loud）ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____（look）directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____（challenge）.
MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___（science）whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.
WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____68____（they）alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____69____（mean）menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:
"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!
"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____（stay）andwatch.
4.【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese___56___（dish）isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners___57___cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap___58___canbetoeatout.Istillremember___59___（visit）afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI___60___（shock）whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.
Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto___61___（become）commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe___62___（afford）butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven___63___（high）costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein___64___（weigh）problems.
Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyour
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