7A文雅思阅读之小标题题型详解.docx

7A文雅思阅读之小标题题型详解.docx

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7A文雅思阅读之小标题题型详解

小标题配对题

题型特点

●位于文章前

●特别耗时间

●开头容易错

●错就错2个（无复选）

解题步骤

●去掉eGample选项，并在对应段落上做标记。

●精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。

●若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。

●碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列出，最后用排除法筛选。

●某段话的答案确定后，将它对应的选项划去

如何找主题句

●带转折性的句子

●归纳总结的句子

●表达观点的句子

●问句后面的句子

●举例前面的句子

●位置：

段落首尾句

段落的构成和解读

●

（1）Careneedstobetakenwithreligiousitems.

（2）Therehavebeenanumberofincidentsovertheyearsinvolvingforeignersthathavedrawnastrongreactionfromanoffendedgovernmentandpeople-foreGample,thefamilyoftouristswhofoolishlyclamberedalloverareveredBuddhastatue.（3）Whenbuyinganobject,itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentheobject‘saestheticappealanditsreligioussignificance.（4）RepresentationsoftheBuddha,foreGample,mustbeplacedat....（连接词PPT）

寻找主题句

●Thesensesoftouchhassometimesbeendescribedasweaktoo,butthisviewisprobablymistaken.Trainersofcaptivedolphinsandsmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimals’responsivenesstobeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-rangingcetaceanindividualsofallspeciesappeartomakefrequentcontact.Thiscontactmayhelptomaintainorderwithinagroup,andstrokingandtouchingarepartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies.

寻找主题句

●Thesensesoftouchhassometimesbeendescribedasweaktoo,butthisviewisprobablymistaken.Trainersofcaptivedolphinsandsmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimals’responsivenesstobeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-rangingcetaceanindividualsofallspeciesappeartomakefrequentcontact.Thiscontactmayhelptomaintainorderwithinagroup,andstrokingandtouchingarepartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies.

寻找主题句

●Alloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement.Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Oneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredeGtremelywell.Hemadeonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigningfartosquareandneartocircle.Thus,weconcludedthattheblindinterpretabstractshapesassightedpeopledo.

寻找主题句

●Alloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement.Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Oneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredeGtremelywell.Hemadeonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigningfartosquareandneartocircle.Thus,weconcludedthattheblindinterpretabstractshapesassightedpeopledo.

寻找主题句

●Whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolaricecapsmelt.PopulareGoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Today'sholidayhotspots---toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair.

●Apessimisticviewofthefuture

寻找主题句

●Whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolaricecapsmelt.PopulareGoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Today'sholidayhotspots---toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair.

●Apessimisticviewofthefuture

寻找主题句

●Someofthesensesthatweandotherterrestrialmammalstakeforgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansorfailtofunctionwellinwater.ForeGample,itappearsfromtheirbrainstructurethattoothedspeciesareunabletosmell…

寻找主题句

●Someofthesensesthatweandotherterrestrialmammalstakeforgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansorfailtofunctionwellinwater.ForeGample,itappearsfromtheirbrainstructurethattoothedspeciesareunabletosmell…

寻找主题句

●Whydopeoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparents?

Itstartedwithacrisisofconfidence.Whenasmallcommunityfindsitselfalongsidealarger,wealthiersociety,peoplelosefaithintheirculture.WhentheneGtgenerationreachestheirteens,theymightnotwanttobeinducedintotheoldtraditions.

寻找主题句

●Whydopeoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparents?

Itstartedwithacrisisofconfidence.Whenasmallcommunityfindsitselfalongsidealarger,wealthiersociety,peoplelosefaithintheirculture.WhentheneGtgenerationreachestheirteens,theymightnotwanttobeinducedintotheoldtraditions.

名词概念的种属关系

●Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.ThedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenoteGactlynew:

fieldsthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournaivewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.

●Thedestructiveforceofwaterinformertimes.

Environmentalchangehasalwaysbeenwithus

名词概念的种属关系

●Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.ThedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenoteGactlynew:

fieldsthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournaivewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.

●Thedestructiveforceofwaterinformertimes.

Environmentalchangehasalwaysbeenwithus

注意段落之间的衔接关系

●SuchvariationcanbeeGplainedwiththereferencetothehabitatsinwhichindividualspecieshavedeveloped.ForeGample…

●Althoughthesensesoftasteandsmellappeartohavedeteriorated,andvisioninwaterappearstobeuncertain,suchweaknessesaremorethancompensatedforbycetacean’swell-developedacousticsense.

注意段落之间的衔接关系

●SuchvariationcanbeeGplainedwiththereferencetothehabitatsinwhichindividualspecieshavedeveloped.ForeGample…

●Althoughthesensesoftasteandsmellappeartohavedeteriorated,andvisioninwaterappearstobeuncertain,suchweaknessesaremorethancompensatedforbycetacean’swell-developedacousticsense.

读出真正的主题

●Now,however,thereturnsouttobemoretothestory…

●However,thereisanothertypeoflaughter.Thelaughterofsocialappeasementisimportanttoo…

新段必须具备新内容

●TheevidenceforarevisedviewofAmazoniawilltakemanypeoplebysurprise.Ecologisthaveassumedthattropicalecosystemswereshapedentirelybynaturalforcesandtheyhavefocusedtheirresearchonhabitatstheybelievehaveescapedhumaninfluence.ButastheUniversityofFloridaecologist,PeterFeinsinger,hasnoted,anapproachthatleavespeopleoutoftheequationisnolongertenable.ThearchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatthenaturalhistoryofAmazoniaistoasurprisingeGtenttiedtotheactivitiesofitsprehistoricinhabitants.

新段必须具备新内容

●TheevidenceforarevisedviewofAmazoniawilltakemanypeoplebysurprise.Ecologisthaveassumedthattropicalecosystemswereshapedentirelybynaturalforcesandtheyhavefocusedtheirresearchonhabitatstheybelievehaveescapedhumaninfluence.ButastheUniversityofFloridaecologist,PeterFeinsinger,hasnoted,anapproachthatleavespeopleoutoftheequationisnolongertenable.ThearchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatthenaturalhistoryofAmazoniaistoasurprisingeGtenttiedtotheactivitiesofitsprehistoricinhabitants.

读出主题句的气质

–Playingisaseriousbusiness.

–Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.

–Manyproceduresareavailableforobtainingdataaboutalanguage.

–Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotjustthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare.

–Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbourmisconceptionsaboutpure,curriculumscience.

技巧

●重复出现是标题：

读出主题名词

●转折后面是标题

●判断句型、强调句型是标题

●注意段落的承接关系

●选择题的技巧完全适用

●注意体会一些特殊选项:

first,traditional,howsthoperates,opposition,future

读出主题名词

●OncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.Thewaterintheirrigationcanalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesediment.Thesedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedelta.SoverylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents.

读出主题名词

●OncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.Thewaterintheirrigationcanalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesediment.Thesedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedelta.SoverylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents.

读出真正的主题

●OncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.Thewaterintheirrigationcanalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesediment.Thesedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedelta.SoverylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents.

小标题的结构与文章结构：

Volcano

●Causesofvolcaniceruption

●Effortstopredictvolcaniceruption

●Volcanoesandthefeaturesofourplanet

●Differenttypesofvolcaniceruption

●Internationalreliefefforts

●Theunpredictabilityofvolcaniceruptions

小标题的启示

●EarlyresearchamongtheIndianAmazons

●FragileregionsandthereasonsfortheeGpansion

●Thedisruptiveeffectsofwildernesstourism

●Recyclingofwastepaper

●Interruptinganaturalprocess

●Theimpactofrecentchange

●Lessvaluablesedimentthanbefore

●Lookatthelong-termimpact

●Egypt’sdisappearingcoastline

干扰选项的特点

●文章根本没提到的主题

●与文章主题完全相反的选项

●段落中未展开说明的细节

体会干扰选项的特点

●Moreandmorewomenarenowjoiningthepaidlaborforceworldwide.Theyrepresentthemajorityoftheworkforceinallthesectors---informalandfleGiblesuchashomeworking,temporary,lowpaidandsoon.Evenincountrieswhichhavelowlevelsofwomenpaidworkers,suchasArabcountries,employmentisrising.

●Athepaidlaborforce

●Bwomenworkingparttime

●Cmorewomeninthelaborforce

●Dtherisin