英语试题练习题教案学案课件吉林省成人本科学士学位英语统考试大纲.docx

英语试题练习题教案学案课件吉林省成人本科学士学位英语统考试大纲.docx

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英语试题练习题教案学案课件吉林省成人本科学士学位英语统考试大纲

英语试题练习题教案学案课件吉林省成人本科学士学位英语统考试题

2010.11.06

PartI ReadingComprehension （30%）

Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

   Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence, such as letters, paintings andphotographs，butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.

   Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory--normally,thebacteria（细菌）intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.

   In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice，whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

   Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

（76）Itwasbecausehe wasinaverywateryenvironment,safefi:

omthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.

   Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.（77）Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.

1.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefrom?

  A.French.      B.Greek.    C.Roman.    D.German.

2.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.

  A.letters       B.photographs  C.paintings   D.objects

3.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?

  A.IceandIowtemperature.     B.Bacteriaandoxygen.

  C.Soilandenergy.             D.Acidandwater.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

  A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.

 B. Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.

 C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthof England.

 D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.

5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

 A.WhatIsArchaeology?

 B.ArchaeologyandHistory

 C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery

 D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

   Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,where Picassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemight nothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.

   Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebegunto examinehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.（78）Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.

   Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.

   Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.

   Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（79）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.

6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

 A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.

 B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.

 C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.

 D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.

7.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.

 A.citizen      B.nature     C.city       D.stress

 8.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.

  A.humanattentionisa scarce resource

  B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired

  C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife

  D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain

9.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?

 A.Nature.                    B.Bettertreatment.

 C.Experienceddoctors.         D.Goodmedicine.

10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

  A.Differentaspects（方面）ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.

  B.Smallchangesinurbandesign,cannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.

  C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth'spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.

  D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

   Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖病）laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenf~omCalifomia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.

   AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.

   Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（80）“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.

   Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.

   Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕））thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

  A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.

  B.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomen whosufferedfromdiabetes.

  C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.

  D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.

12.AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

  A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.

  B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.

  C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.

  D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonth