专业八级考试试题及答案解析二十四.docx

专业八级考试试题及答案解析二十四.docx

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专业八级考试试题及答案解析二十四

专业八级考试试题及答案解析（二十四）

一、ListeningComprehension（NewsBroadcast）（共4小题,共4.0分）Inthissection,youwillhearseveralnewsitems.Listentothemcarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

第1题

NowtheU.S.economygrowthrateis______.

Ahigherthan1995to2000

Blowerthan1973to1995

Casgoodas1995to2000

Dthesameas1993to1995

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

[听力原文] 

Host:

AtFriday'sannualmeetingoftheAmericanEconomicAssociationinWashington,apanelofprominenteconomistsexaminedthebusinessoutlookandconcludedthatU.S.productivitygrowthwillslowandthattheeconomyitselfisunlikelytoregainthefastgrowthratesofthe1990s.

HarvardUniversityprofessorDaleJorgensonsaid,withthecollapseofthehightechbubbleinthestockmarket,theU.S.economyisrevertingtotheslowergrowthratesoftheperiod1973to1995．Intheboomyearsfrom1995to2000,theU.S.economygrewbyaboutfivepercentannually.Thathighgrowth,saidProfessorJorgenson,wasfueledbyenormousgainsinproductivitythatareunlikelytoreturn.

Voice:

So,2.78isthefiguregoingforwardforaboutthenextdecade.Inotherwords,we'renotgoingtohaveanaccelerationofeconomicgrowth,contrarytowhatAlanGreenspan（centralbankgovernor）maysayinhistestimonytothe

SenateBankingCommitteeonlytwoweeksfromtoday.That'snotgoingtohappen.Itissomethingthatitisjusttotallyoutsidetherangeofpossibilities,evenunderthemostoptimisticassumptionaboutproductivityandcapitaldeepening.

第2题

DaleJorgensonpointsoutthatthe2.78growratewillbecontinuedinthenext______.

A2years

B10years

C20years

D5years

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

第3题

Whatisthereasonofthedeclineofthenumberofthewildhorses?

AClimatechangeandhumanactivities.

BThehuntingandculling.

CFarmingandindustrializing.

DMasskillingcausedbypeople.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

[听力原文] 

Attheturnofthelastcentury,morethan2-millionwildhorsesroamedfreeacrosspubliclandsintheAmericanwest.Butdecadesofpoachingandcullingdecimatedtheherds,andby1971,whentheyweregrantedfederalprotectionthroughthe"WildFreeRoamingHorseandBurroAct,"therewereonlyaround20,000left.TodayalimitednumberofmustangsstillroampubliclandsintenWesternstates,theirnumbersregulatedbyannualroundupsbytheBureauofLandManagement.Latelastyear,withoutpublichearingsordebate,aprovisionwasslippedintothefederalspendingbillthatallowstheBLMosellthousandsofthesecapturedwildhorsesforslaughter.That'spromptedhorseloverstotrytosavethem.

第4题

Whomdoestheprovisionintendtosellthewildhorsesfor?

AFederalgovernment.

BThehorse-lovers.

CThepeoplewhokillthewildhorse.

DThenativepeople.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

二、ReadingComprehension（Comprehension）（共20小题,共20.0分）Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.

第1题

Accordingtoreportsinmajornewsoutlets,astudypublishedlastweekincludedastartlingdiscovery:

thenation'sJewishpopulationisinshrinking.Thestudy,theNationalJewishPopulationSurvey,found5.2millionJewslivingintheUnitedStatesin2000,adropof5percent,or300,000people,sinceasimilarstudyin1990．What'strulystartlingisthatthereporteddeclineisnottrue.Worsestill,thesponsorofthe$6millionstudy,UnitedJewishCommunities,knowsit.

Bothitandtheauthorshaveopenlyadmittedtheirdoubts.Theyhaveacknowledgedininterviewsthatthepopulationtotalsfor2000and1990werereachedbydifferentmethodsandarenotdirectlycomparable.Thesurveyitselfalsocautionsreaders,inadauntinglytechnicalappendix,thatjudgmentcallsbytheresearchersmayhaveledtoanundercount.WhentheresearchdirectorandprojectdirectorwereaskedwhetherthedatashouldbeconstruedtoindicateadecliningJewishpopulation,theyflatlyansweredno.Inaddition,othersurveyresearchersinterviewedpointedtootherstudieswithpopulationestimatesashighas6.7million.

Despiteallthis,thetwofigures—5.2millionnow,5.5millionthen—arelistedbysideinthesurvey,leavingtheimpressionthatthepopulationhasshrunk.Theresult,predictably,hasbeenarashofheadlinestrumpetingtheillusionarydecline,inturntouchingoffjeremiadsbyrabbisand.moralistscondemningthereligiouslaxitybehindit.Whetheroutofideology,ego,incompetenceoracombinationofallthree,therespectedcharityhasinventedacrisis.

UnitedJewishCommunitiesisthecoordinatingbodyforanationalnetworkofJewishphilanthropieswithcombinedbudgetsof$2billion.Itspopulationsurveyscarryhugeweightinshapingcommunitypolicy.Thisisnotthefirsttimethesurveyhassetoffafalsealarm.Thelastone,conductedbyapredecessororganization,foundthat52percentofAmericanJewswhomarriedbetween1985and1990didsooutsidethefaith.ThatnumberwasafabricationproducedbyincludingmarriagesinwhichneitherpartywasJewishbyanyone'sdefinition,includingtheresearchers.

Itspublicationcreatedahugestir,inspiringanguishedsermons,booksandconferences.Itputliberalsonthedefensive,emboldenedconservativeswhorejectfullintegrationintosocietyandalienatedordinaryfolksbytheincreasinglyxenophobictoneofJewishcommunalculture.Thenewsurvey,toitscredit,retractsthatfigureandoffersthelatestsurveyhasspawnedapaniccreatedbythelastone.

Sowhydidtheorganizationflawedfiguresonceagain?

SomescholarswhohavestudiedthesurveybelievethemotivationthencamepartlyoutofadesiretoshockstrayingJewsintogreaterobservance.It'stooearlytotellifthat'sthecasethistimearound.Whatisclearistheresearchersdidtheirjobwithlittleregardtohowtheirdatacouldbemisconstrued.Theyusedstatisticalmodelsandquestionformatsthat,whileinternallysound,madethenewsurveyincompatiblewiththepreviousone.Forexample,thistimetheresearchersdividedthepopulationof5.2millionintotwogroups—"highlyinvolved"Jewsand"peopleofJewishbackground"—andposedmostquestionsonlytothefirstgroup.Asaresult,mostfindingsaboutbeliefandobservancereferonlytoasubgroupofAmericanJews,makingcomparisonstothepastimpossible.

Wecan'taffordtowaitadecadebeforethesefiguresarerevised.Thefalsepopulationdeclinemustbecorrectedbeforeitfurthersourscommunaldiscourse.TheUnitedJewishCommunitiesowesittoitselfanditspublictostepforwardandstateplainlywhatitknowstobetrue:

AmericanJewsarenotdisappearing.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheNationalJewishPopulationSurvey?

AItfoundadeclineof300,000Jewsintenyears.

BItwascarriedoutbyUnitedJewishCommunities.

CThisisthefirsttimeUnitedJewishCommunitieshasmademistakesinthepopulationsurvey.

DThereporteddeclineisnotreliable.

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

作者在第四段介绍了"UnitedJewishCommunities这一组织，并说到Thisisnotthefirsttimethesurveyhassetoffafalsealarm.

第2题

Howdoesthepopulationsurveygetitwrongin2000?

AThepopulationtotalin2000wasreachedbydifferentmethodfromthatin1990.

BTheremightbesomeproblemswiththejudgmentcallsbytheresearchers.

CUnitedJewishCommunitiesofferednotenoughfinancialsupporttothesurvey.

DItistheresultoftherashofheadlinesleavingtheimpressionthatthepopulationhasdeclined.

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

答案在第二段：

judgmentcallsbytheresearchersmayhaveledtoanundercount.

第3题

RabbisandmoralistsconsidertheJewishpopulationdeclineastheresultof______.

AJewishnegligenceoftheirreligiousbelief

BJewishincompetenceinAmerica

CJewishself-esteem

Dthecombinationofallthethreeabove

【正确答案】：

A

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

答案在第三段：

rabbisandmoralistscondemningthereligiouslaxitybehindit.

第4题

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

AUnitedJewishCommunitiesissponsoredbyasinglecompany

BpopulationsurveysbyUnitedJewishCommunitiesareimportantinshapingcommunitypolicyoftheJewishinAmerica

Ctheresearchersdidtheirjobwithhighresponsibility

DAmericanJewishrejectfullintegrationintosociety

【正确答案】：

B

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

第四段：

Itspopulationsurveyscarryhugeweightinshapingcommunitypolicy.本题亦可用排除法排除3个错误选项。

第5题

WhentheauthoristalkingabouttheJewishPopulationSurvey,heseems______.

AtobelievetheshrinkingoftheJewsinAmerica

Btosupporttherejectionoffullintegrationintosociety

CtoblameUnitedJewishCommunities

DtobewillingtotoleratethefaultofUnitedJewishCommunities

【正确答案】：

C

【本题分数】：

1.0分

【答案解析】

文章的主要内容是揭示调查所得出的犹太人口下降谬论并指出其负面影响。

第6题

ItisdifficultforanagencyasoldasJ.WalterThompson,whichwillturn140nextyear,torecordsomefirstsatsovenerableanage.Butitwilldojustthatwithararechangingoftheguard.Thompson,whichworksforblue-chipadvertiserslikeDiageo,FordMotor,Kellogg,MerrillLynch,Nestl6,PfizerandReckittBenckiser,willannouncetodaythatBobJeffrey,presidentforitsNorthAmericanoperations,willbepromotedtochiefexecutive,effectiveJan.1.

Mr.Jeffrey,inbeingnamedtheninthchiefexecutiveofThompsonsince1864,succeedsPeterA．Schweitzer,whowillbecomechairman,apostthatisnowvacant.Mr.Schweitzer,64,willalsorelinquishhisdutiesasworldwidepresidenttoMichaelMadel,nowpresidentfortheThompsonoperationsinEurope,theMiddleEastandAfrica.Mr.Jeffrey,50,willbecom