英语英语阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案及解析
（英语）英语阅读理解（科普环保）练习题含答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.
AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet（LMU）,havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.
AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical（假设的）moraldilemma:
Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?
Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized（人性化的）tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.
Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous（无名的）humans.
"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."
（1）Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?
A. Howtohumanizethem.
B. Howtotreattheminlife.
C. Howtousethemeffectively.
D. Howtofindmoreapplications.
（2）Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.
A. whentosacrificearobot
B. wheretoexperiencerisks
C. whichrobottoworkwith
D. whatrobotsshouldbelike
（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?
A. Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.
B. Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.
C. Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.
D. Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.
（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Robots,AMustforFuture
B. HumanizedRobots,ANewTrend
C. RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHit
D. HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待他们，如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知，随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能，承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。
故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:
‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?
’"可知，在这项研究中，参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。
故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知，Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远，可以推断出，Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。
故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。
因此标题“机器人被拯救，人类就会承受打击”最切题，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读理解
Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.
Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.
Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.
LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress（AP）that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.
Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.
JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.
LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.
（1）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?
A. Providebackgroundinformation.
B. Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.
C. Explainthereasonfortrash. D. Introduceanewtopic.
（2）Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?
A. TheWorldEconomicForum.
B. Demandofsomecompanies.
C. Zero-wastemodel.
D. Themilkmanmodel.
（3）WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?
A. UnitedStatesandSwitzerland. B. SwitzerlandandBritain.
C. CanadaandBritain.
D. FranceandCanada.
（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A. Anewshoppingmodel.
B. Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.
C. Theworld'senvironmentalissue.
D. Theconcernsoffutureshopping.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。
故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去"送奶工模式"，是一种可以杜绝零浪费的模式。
故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知，Loop计划在2020年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。
故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
TheRapidRiseandFallofRobotBabysitters
Duringthewinterof2017,an18-yearoldcollegestudentnamedCanonReevesspentmuchofhistimetrailingaknee-highrobotaroundFayetteville,Arkansas,asitdeliveredAmazonpackagestostudents.Therobot,createdbyastart-upcalledStarshipTechnologiesin2014,isbasicallyacooleronwheels;itusesradars,sensors,andninecamerastomakedeliveries.Reeves'sjobwastomonitorhowithandledvariousgrounds,fieldcommentsfromthepublic,andpresstheoffswitchifnecessary.Hesaid,"Peoplewouldalsoaskifitcoulddeliverbeer."Itcouldn't.
Broadlyspeaking,jobsofcaringforrobotsfallundertheumbrellaofcareersinautomation,whichincludemaintenance,engineeringandprogramming.Thedemandforpeoplewiththisskillsetisconsiderable,with20millionto50millionnewjobstobeexpectedinthiscategoryby2030,accordingtotheMckinseyGlobalInstitute.IntheyearthatendedinJune2018,IhadalmostthreetimesthenumberofpositionsontherecruitmentcommitteethatendedinJune2016.
Overthelastyear,a34-year-oldbusinessmannamedDavidRodriguezspenthundredsofhoursfollowingamachinecalledtheKiwiBotaroundUCBerkeley'scampuswhileitdeliveredRedbullandotherdrinkstostudents.Toretrieve（检索）orders,theappencouragesstudentstogivetherobotawave;therobot'sdigitaleyeswillrolldependingonitsmood.Rodriguez,whoheadsbusinessdevelopmentforthestart-up,wastasked,earlyon,wit
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