杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题研究生入学考试试题.docx

杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题研究生入学考试试题.docx

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杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题研究生入学考试试题

杭州师范大学

2015年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题

考试科目代码：

243

考试科目名称：

二外英语

说明：

考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。

PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（2’*10=20’）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.

ForquestionsI-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Dreams

Ourdreamscombineverbal,visualandemotionalstimuliintoasometimesbroken,nonsensicalbutoftenentertainingstoryline.Wecansometimesevensolveproblemsinoursleep.Orcanwe?

Manyexpertsdisagreeonexactlywhatthepurposeofourdreamsmightbe.Aretheystrictlyrandombrainimpulses,orareourbrainsactuallyworkingthroughissuesfromourdailylifewhilewesleep--asasortofcopingmechanism?

Shouldweevenbothertointerpretourdreams?

Manysayyes,thatwehaveagreatdealtolearnfromourdreams.

　　WhydoweDream?

　　Forcenturies,we’vetriedtofigureoutjustwhyourbrainsplaythesenightlyshowsforus.Earlycivilizationsthoughtdreamworldswerereal,physicalworldsthattheycouldenteronlyfromtheirdreamstate.Researcherscontinuetotossaroundmanytheoriesaboutdreaming.Thosetheoriesessentiallyfallintotwocategories:

　　●Theideathatdreamsareonlyphysiologicalstimulations

　　●Theideathatdreamsarepsychologicallynecessary

　　Physiologicaltheoriesarebasedontheideathatwedreaminordertoexercisevariousneuralconnectionsthatsomeresearchersbelieveaffectcertaintypesoflearning.Psychologicaltheoriesarebasedontheideathatdreamingallowsustosortthroughproblems,eventsofthedayorthingsthatarerequiringalotofourattention.Someofthesetheoriststhinkdreamsmightbeprophetic.Manyresearchersandscientistsalsobelievethatperhapsitisacombinationofthetwotheories.

　　DreamingandtheBrain

　　Whenwesleep,wegothroughfivesleepstages.Thefirststageisaverylightsleepfromwhichitiseasytowakeup.Thesecondstagemovesintoaslightlydeepersleep,andstagesthreeandfourrepresentourdeepestsleep.Ourbrainactivitythroughoutthesestagesisgraduallyslowingdownsothatbydeepsleep,weexperiencenothingbutdeltabrainwaves--theslowestbrainwaves.About90minutesafterwegotosleepandafterthefourthsleepstage,webeginREMsleep.

　　Rapideyemovement（REM）wasdiscoveredin1953byUniversityofChicagoresearchersEugeneAserinsky,agraduatestudentinphysiology,andNathanielKleitman,Ph.D.,chairofphysiology.REMsleepisprimarilycharacterizedbymovementsoftheeyesandisthefifthstageofsleep.

　　HowtoImproveYourDreamRecall

　　Itissaidthatfiveminutesaftertheendofadream,wehaveforgotten50percentofthedream’scontent.Tenminuteslater,we’veforgotten90percentofitscontent.Whyisthat?

Wedon’tforgetourdailyactionsthatquickly.Thefactthattheyaresohardtoremembermakestheirimportanceseemless.

　　TherearemanyresourcesbothontheWebandinprintthatwillgiveyoutipsonhowtoimproveyourrecallofdreams.Thosewhobelievewehavealottolearnaboutourselvesfromourdreamsarebigproponentsofdreamjournals.Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoincreaseyourdreamrecall:

　　●Whenyougotobed,tellyourselfyouwillrememberyourdreams.

　●Setyouralarmtogooffeveryhourandhalfsoyou’llwakeuparoundthetimesthatyouleaveREMsleep--whenyou’remostlikelytorememberyourdreams.（Or,drinkalotofwaterbeforeyougotobedtoensureyouhavetowakeupatleastonceinthemiddleofthenight!

）

　　●Keepapadandpencilnexttoyourbed.

　　●Trytowakeupslowlytoremainwithinthe“mood”ofyourlastdream.

　　CommonDreamThemesandTheirInterpretations

　　●Beingnakedinpublic

　　Mostofushavehadthedreamatsomepointthatwe’reatschool,workorsomesocialevent,andwesuddenlyrealizeweforgottoputonclothes!

Expertssaythismeans:

　　◆We’retryingtohidesomething（andwithoutclotheswehaveahardtimedoingthat）.

　　◆We’renotpreparedforsomething,likeapresentationortest（andnoweveryoneisgoingtoknow–we’reexposed!

）.

　　Ifwe’renakedbutnoonenotices,thentheinterpretationisthatwhateverwe’reafraidofisunfounded.Ifwedon’tcarethatwe’renaked,theinterpretationisthatwe’recomfortablewithwhoweare.

　　●Falling

　　You’refalling,falling,falling...andthenyouwakeup.Thisisaverycommondreamandissaidtosymbolizeinsecuritiesandanxiety.Somethinginyourlifeisessentiallyoutofcontrolandthereisnothingyoucandotostopit.Anotherinterpretationisthatyouhaveasenseoffailureaboutsomething.Maybeyou’renotdoingwellinschooloratworkandareafraidyou’regoingtobefiredorexpelled.Again,youfeelthatyoucan’tcontrolthesituation.

　　●Beingchased

　　Theever-popularchasedreamcanbeextremelyfrightening.Whatitusuallysymbolizesisthatyou’rerunningawayfromyourproblems.Whatthatproblemisdependsonwhoischasingyou.Itmaybeaproblematwork,oritmaybesomethingaboutyourselfthatyouknowisdestructive.Forexample,youmaybedrinkingtoomuch,andyourdreammaybetellingyouthatyourdrinkingisbecomingarealproblem.

　　●Takinganexam（orforgettingthatyouhaveone）

　　Thisisanotherverycommondream.Yousuddenlyrealizeyouaresupposedtobetakinganexamatthatverymoment.Youmightberunningthroughthehallwaysandcan’tfindtheclassroom.Thistypeofdreamcanhaveseveralvariationsthathavesimilarmeanings.（Maybeyourpenwon’twrite,soyoucan’tfinishwritingyouranswers.）Whatexpertssaythismaymeanisthatyou’rebeingscrutinizedaboutsomethingorfeelyou’rebeingtested--maybeyou’refacingachallengeyoudon’tthinkyou’reupto.Youdon’tfeelpreparedorabletoholduptothescrutiny.Itmayalsomeanthereissomethingyou’veneglectedthatyouknowneedsyourattention.

　　●Flying

　　Manyflyingdreamsaretheresultofluciddreaming（清醒梦）.Notallflyingdreamsare,however.Typically,dreamingthatyouareflyingmeansyouareontopofthings.Youareincontrolofthethingsthatmattertoyou.Or,maybeyou’vejustgainedanewperspectiveonthings.Itmayalsomeanyouarestrongwilledandfeellikenooneandnothingcandefeatyou.Ifyouarehavingproblemsmaintainingyourflight,someoneorsomethingmaybestandinginthewayofyouhavingcontrol.Ifyouareafraidwhileflying,youmayhavechallengesthatyoudon’tfeelupto.

　　●Running,butgoingnowhere

　Thisthemecanalsobepartofthechasingdream.You’retryingtorun,buteitheryourlegswon’tmoveoryousimplyaren’tgoinganywhere--asifyouwereonatreadmill（踏车）.Accordingtosome,thisdreammeansyouhavetoomuchonyourplate.You’retryingtodotoomanythingsatonceandcan’tcatchuporevergetahead.

　　1.Thispassagemainlydiscussesdifferenttheoriesaboutwhywehavedreamsatnight.

　　2.Earlytheoriesheldthatdreamswerereflectionofpeople’sreal,physicalworlds.

　　3.Accordingtophysiologicaltheories,dreamingallowsustosortthroughproblemsoreventsofthedaythatrequireourattention.

4.REMoccursatthethirdandfourthstageduringwhichweexperiencethedeepestsleep.

　　5.Thereasonwhydreamsdonotseemimportantisthattheyareverydifficulttoremember.

　　6.Tryingtogetrecordedwhatyousaidordidinyourdreamcanhelpincreaseyourdreamrecall.

　　7.Ifapersondreamsheisnakedbutisnotnoticedbyothers,itmeanswhatheisafraidofisgroundless.

8.You’refalling,falling,fallinginyourdream,whichissaidtosymbolize______________.

　　9.Beingchasedinadreamusuallymeansthatyou’reescapingfromyour______________.

　　10.Oneoftheinterpretationsforflyingdreamsisthatyouare______________andnothingcandefeatyou.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure（1’*30=30’）

Directions:

Choosethebestansweryouthinkfittofillinthegapsofeachsentencewiththeitemsgiven.PleasewritedownthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.

11.Badnewscan_______muchfasterthangoodnews.

A）coverB）denyC）spreadD）happen

12.Thanksforyourhelp.Wedid_______it.

A）appreciateB）greetC）respectD）honor

13.Thenewshasjust_______thatthepresidentisgoingtovisitChinanextmonth.

A）comeoutB）comeaboutC）comeupD）comedown

14.Shewasso_______inherjobthatshedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.

A）attractedB）absorbedC）drawnD）concentrated

15.Abouthalfthepopulationinthepoorcountryisstill_______.

A）literatureB）educatedC）intellectualD）illiterate

16.Undersuch_______weshouldtakeanewmeasureatonce.

A）environmentB）surroundingsC）situationsD）circumstances

17.ThebeautyofVenice_______largelyinthestyleofitsancientbuildings.

A）composesB）consistsC）persistsD）considers

18.Don’tletyourselfbe_______doinganythingyoudon’twanttodo.

A）talkedoverB）talkedintoC）talkedbackD）talkedwith

19.ManyEuropeanscameto_______thecontinentofAfricainthe19thcentury.

A）reformB）engageC）revealD）explore

20.Iconsiderhissuggestionthemost_______thathassofarbeenoffered.

A）sensibleB）sensitiveC）sentimentalD）sensational

21.Althoughpunctual（准时的）himself,theprofessorwasquiteused_______lateforhislecture.

A）tohavestudentsB）forstudents'being

C）forstudentstobeD）tostudents’being

22.Hehadworke