长喜英语 专四阅读周计划 第三周星期四.docx

长喜英语 专四阅读周计划 第三周星期四.docx

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长喜英语专四阅读周计划第三周星期四

星期4Thursday

Slowandsteadywinstherace.锲而不舍事竟成。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

错误统计

做题备忘

TextA

历史现象

399

5分钟

/5

TextB

日常生活

540

6.5分钟

/5

TextC

教育培养

550

7分钟

/5

TextD

科学技术

423

6.5分钟

/5

今日练习

TextA

Horsethieves,cattlerustlers,bankrobbers,trainandstagecoachrobbers,highwaymen,murderers,thesewerebutsomeofthecriminalswhoinfested（遍布于）theAmericanfrontierduringthe19thcentury.InEnglishlegendRobinHoodcanbeconsideredabandit,buttheoutlawsoftheOldWestwerefarmoreviolentmenandwomenwithoutanyscrupleswhenitcametotakingpropertyorlife.

Thecareersofmanyoutlawshavebeenglamorizedthroughfictionalaccountsoftheirdeedsandtheirexploitshavebeenthebasisformanymoviescripts.

TheeraoftheAmericanoutlawlastedabout100yearsroughlyfrom1800until1900.Therehadbeenlawlessnessduringthecolonialera.Frontiershavealwaysattractedmisfits,failures,andrenegades（背教者）whohopetoprofitbybeingbeyondthereachofgovernment.IntheyearsjustbeforetheRevolutionaryWar,gangsofhorsethievesinthebackcountryofSouthCarolinawerebrokenupbyorganizedbandsoffarmerscalledRegulators.

AsfrontiersettlementexpandedrapidlyaftertheRevolution,moreopportunitiesforcriminalsopened.Twocommontypesofbanditswerehighwaymenandriverpirates.Highwaymenaccosted（搭讪）peoplewhotraveledonfootorhorseback,whileriverpiratespreyedupontheboattrafficontheOhio,Mississippi,andotherrivers.Somebanditsengagedinboth.

CriminalityintheWestgatheredmomentum（势头）withthegoldrushestoCalifornia,Idaho,Montana,Nevada,andotherstates.Stagecoachesandtrainscarryinggoldandmoneybecameprimetargetsforbandsofoutlaws.BankrobberiesemergedaftertheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849andasprosperityfounditswaytofrontiertowns.Thefirststagerobberywasrecordedin1851,andthefirsttrainrobberyhappenedin1866.

AftertheCivilWartherewasthegrowthofthecattlekingdominTexasandneighboringstates.Cattlerustlingandhorsetheftturnedintosignificantoperations.Rangewarsbredagreatamountofviolence.Cattlemenfoughtoverlandandwaterrights,andtheyfoughtwithgreatbitternessagainstsheepfarmers.InTexas,rangewarswerefoughtovertheuseofbarbedwiretofencegrazingland.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,thefrontiererawaspast.Majorcrimeshiftedtothecities.Ethnicgangshadexistedintheslumsfordecades,preyingmostlyontheirfellowimmigrants.WiththearrivalofProhibitioninthe1920s,animpetus（推动力）wasgiventotheformationoforganizedcrimeasitexiststoday.

1.Atthebeginningofthepassagetheauthorindicatesthat

[A]RobinHoodwasascruelasabandit.

[B]thestoryofRobinHoodhasneverbeendocumented.

[C]thecriminalsinAmerica’sOldWestwereextremelycruel.

[D]theWesterncountriesusedtobeinfestedwithbandits.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthecareersofsomeoutlaws

[A]arematerialsofmanyfictions.

[B]havebeenglorifiedinsomemovies.

[C]arecriticizedbypeopleinourtime.

[D]havebeenrecorded.

3.WhathappenedimmediatelyaftertheAmericanRevolution?

[A]Thenumberofcrimeswaslessthanthatafterfrontiersettlement.

[B]Majorcriminalbehaviorstookanewturn.

[C]Thenumberofcriminalslargelyincreased.

[D]Crimesshiftedfromthelandtothesea.

4.Accordingtoparagraph5and6,whichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?

[A]Thegoldrushesbroughtaboutmoreopportunitiesforcrimes.

[B]Banksgainedtheirprosperityinfrontiertownsafter1849.

[C]AftertheCivilWar,thievesturnedtostealcattleandhorses.

[D]InTexas,cattlemenhadtofightfortheaccesstolandandwater.

5.Moderncrimeischaracterizedby

[A]unlimitedviolence.[B]greatdiversity.

[C]unimaginablecruelty.[D]carefulplanning.

TextB

Onceuponatime,inthe“DominionOFNewHaven,”itwasillegaltokissyourchildrenonSunday.Ormakeabedorcutyourhairoreatmincepiesorcrossariverunlessyouwereaclergymanridingyourcircuit.IfyoulivedinConnecticutin1650,therewasnomistakingSundayforjustanothershoppingday;regardlessofwhetheryou’dgotohellforbreakingtheSabbath（安息日）,youcouldcertainlygotojail.Centurieslater,thesensethatSundayisspecialisstillwiredinus,aminiaturesabbatical（休假）duringwhichtopeelofftherestoftheweekandsavorritual,religiousorotherwise

Theideathatrestisarighthasdeeprootsinourhistory.Bluelawswereagiftasmuchasaduty,acommandtorelaxandreflect.Americadoesnotreadilysitstill,evenforaday.TheCivilWarandademandfornewsbroughttheSundaypaperintobeing;industrializationinspiredprogressivestoarguethatlibrariesandmuseumsshouldopenonSundayssoworkingpeoplecouldelevatethemselves.MajorleaguebaseballhelditsfirstSundaygamein1892.Overtime,Sundayhasgonefromadaywecoulddoonlyaveryfewthingstotheonlydaywecandojustaboutanythingwewant.

IfyoursoulhasnoSunday,itbecomesanorphan,AlbertSchweitzersaid—whichraiseaquestionforourtimes:

whatdoweloseifSundaybecomesjustlikeanyotherday?

LawmakersinVirginiagottospendpartoftheirsummerbreakdebatingthatquestion,thankstoamistaketheymadelastwinterwhentheyunintentionallyreviveda“dayofrest”rule:

hotelsandhospitalsandnuclearpowerplantwouldhavehadtogiveworkersaweekenddayofforbefined$500.Afteraspeciallegislativesessionwasconvenedtofixtheerror,Virginia’sworkers,liketherestofus,areoncemorepotentiallyoncall24/7.SocialconservativesmaywanttohonortheFourthCommandment,butbusinesseswanttheincome,statesneedthetaxrevenues,andbusyfamilieswanttheflexibility.

Withprogress,ofcourse,comesbacklashfromthosewhodesperatelywanttopreservetheoldways.Mom-and-popliquorstores（夫妻酒店）inNewYorkfoughttokeeptheBluelawstohavemoretimewiththeirfamilies.Chich-Fil-A,achainofmorethan1,100restaurantsin37states,closesonSundaysbecauseitsfounder,TruettCathy,promisedemployeestimeto“worship,spendtimewithfamilyandfriendsorjustplainrestfromtheworkweek”,saysthechain’swebsite.“Madesensethen,stillmakessensenow.”PopeJohnPaulevenwrotealetterindefenseofSunday:

“WhenSundaylosesitsfundamentalmeaningandbecomesmerelypartofa‘weekend,’”hewrote,“peoplestaylockedwithinahorizonsolimitedthattheycannolongersee‘theheavens.”

Inanagewithnofreetime,webuyitthroughhardchoices.Doweskipchurchsowecansleepinorskipsoccersowecangotochurchorfindafamilyritual—cooktogether,readtogether,aParcheesichallenge—thatwetreatassacred?

Thatway,atleastsomepartofSundayfacesinadifferentdirection,whethertowardheavenortowardoneanother.

6.PeopleinConnecticutin1650

[A]couldgoshoppingonSundays.

[B]shouldnotmakemistakesonSundays.

[C]wouldgotohellfornothavingtheSabbath.

[D]wouldbeimprisonedforbreakingtheSabbath.

7.Centuriesgone,thesenseofSunday

[A]haschangedcompletely.

[B]stillstaythesame.

[C]hasbeenrootedinourmind.

[D]ismoreorlessforgottenbyus.

8.Accordingtothepassage,a“dayofrest”ruleofVirginia

[A]wasabandonedatlast.

[B]finallyletworkersenjoyaweekenddayoff.

[C]finallyapprovedbytheVirginiagovernment.

[D]gainedsupportfromallkindsofbusiness.

9.Accordingtothepassage,theFourthCommandmentprobably

[A]allowedpeopletohaveadayoffinaweek.

[B]wentagainsttheBluelaws.

[C]wassupportedbybusinessmen.

[D]wasnotfeasible.

10.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

[A]DominionofNewHaven[B]BlueLaws

[C]OntheSeventhDayWeRested?

[D]Sunday

TextC

BythetimeLaszloPolgar’sfirstbabywasbornin1969healreadyhadfirmviewsonchild-rearing.AneccentriccitizenofcommunistHungary,hehadwrittenabookcalledBringupGeniusandoneofhisfavouritesayingswas“Geniusesaremade,notborn”.

Anexpertonthetheoryofchess,heproceededtoteachlittleZsuzsaathome,spendinguptotenhoursadayonthegame.Twomoredaughtersweresimilarlyhot-housed.Allthreeobligedtheirfatherbybecomingworld-classplayers.Theyoungest,Judit,iscurrentlyranked13thintheworld,andisbyfarthebestfemalechessplayerofalltime.

Wouldtheexperimenthavesucceededwithadifferenttrioofchildren?

Ifanychildcanbeturnedintoastar,thenalotoftimeandmoneyarebeingwastedworldwideontryingtopickwinners！

Americahaslongheld“talentsearches”,usingtestresultsandteacherrecommendationstoselectchildrenforadvancedschoolcourses,summerschoolsandotherextratuition.Thisprovisionissettogrow.Inhisstate-of-the-unionaddressin2006,PresidentGeorgeBushannouncedthe“AmericanCompetitivenessInitiative”,which,amongmuchelse,wouldtrain70,000high-schoolteacherstoleadadvancedcoursesforselectedpupilsinmathematicsandscience.Justasthesuperpowers’spaceracemadeCongressputmoneyintoscienceeducation,thethoughtofChinaandIndiaturningouthundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientistsisscarringAmericaintoproddingitsbrightesttodotheirbest.

Thephilosophybehindthistalentsearchisthatabilityisinnate;thatitcanbediagnosedwithconsiderableaccuracy;andthatitisworthcultivating.

InAmerica,brightchildrenarerankedas“moderately”,“highly”,“exceptionally”and“profoundly”gifted.Theonlychancetoinfluenceinnateabilityisthoughttobeinthewomborthefirstcoupleofyearsoflife.Hencethefadfor“teachingaids”suchasvideosandflashcardsforne