届高考语文文言文复习专练5.docx

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届高考语文文言文复习专练5.docx

届高考语文文言文复习专练5

第五册

——《离骚》《孔雀东南飞(并序)》

《逍遥游(节选)》《齐桓晋文之事》

考点知识巩固

一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义

1.写出下列通假字的本字,并解释其义

《离骚》

(1)偭规矩而改错:

________________________________________________________________________

(2)何方圜之能周兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(3)忳郁邑余侘傺兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(4)进不入以离尤兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(5)芳菲菲其弥章:

________________________________________________________________________

(6)延伫乎吾将反:

________________________________________________________________________

《孔雀东南飞(并序)》

(7)虽与府吏要:

________________________________________________________________________

(8)吾今且报府:

________________________________________________________________________

(9)终老不复取:

________________________________________________________________________

(10)蒲苇纫如丝:

________________________________________________________________________

(11)摧藏马悲哀:

________________________________________________________________________

(12)府吏见丁宁:

________________________________________________________________________

(13)箱帘六七十:

________________________________________________________________________

《逍遥游(节选)》

(14)北冥有鱼:

________________________________________________________________________

(15)小知不及大知:

________________________________________________________________________

(16)小大之辩:

________________________________________________________________________

(17)御六气之辩:

________________________________________________________________________

(18)而征一国者:

________________________________________________________________________

《齐桓晋文之事》

(19)无以,则王乎:

________________________________________________________________________

(20)王说:

________________________________________________________________________

(21)王之不王,是折枝之类也:

________________________________________________________________________

(22)行旅皆欲出于王之涂:

________________________________________________________________________

(23)赴愬于王:

________________________________________________________________________

(24)放辟邪侈,无不为已:

________________________________________________________________________

(25)颁白者不负戴于道路矣:

________________________________________________________________________

(26)是罔民也:

________________________________________________________________________

2.解释下列加点字词的含义

《离骚》

(1)哀民生之多艰:

________________________________________________________________________

(2)偭规矩而改错:

________________________________________________________________________

(3)竞周容以为度:

________________________________________________________________________

(4)何方圜之能周兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(5)苟余情其信芳:

________________________________________________________________________

(6)高余冠之岌岌兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(7)伏清白以死直兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(8)将往观乎四荒:

________________________________________________________________________

(9)余独好修以为常:

________________________________________________________________________

(10)岂余心之可惩:

________________________________________________________________________

《孔雀东南飞(并序)》

(11)会不相从许:

 

________________________________________________________________________

(12)举手长劳劳:

 

________________________________________________________________________

(13)寻遣丞请还:

 

________________________________________________________________________

(14)渠会永无缘:

 

________________________________________________________________________

《逍遥游(节选)》

(15)抟扶摇而上者九万里:

________________________________________________________________________

(16)野马也,尘埃也:

________________________________________________________________________

(17)未数数然也:

________________________________________________________________________

《齐桓晋文之事》

(18)保民而王:

________________________________________________________________________

(19)若无罪而就死地:

________________________________________________________________________

(20)百姓皆以王为爱也:

________________________________________________________________________

(21)诚有百姓者:

________________________________________________________________________

(22)王若隐其无罪而就死地:

________________________________________________________________________

(23)不为者与不能者之形:

________________________________________________________________________

3.解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义

《离骚》

(1)固时俗之工巧兮

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

指工艺品或诗文、书画细致精巧。

(2)吾独穷困乎此时也

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

生活贫困,经济困难。

(3)怨灵修之浩荡兮

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

形容广阔而壮大。

(4)偭规矩而改错

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

改正错误。

(5)宁溘死以流亡兮

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

因灾害或政治原因而被迫离开家乡和祖国。

(6)长余佩之陆离

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

形容色彩繁多。

《孔雀东南飞(并序)》

(7)叶叶相交通

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

各种运输往来、邮递通讯工作。

(8)可怜体无比

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

值得怜悯。

(9)举手长劳劳

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

表赞同或要求发言时的动作。

(10)守节情不移

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

妇女不改变节操。

(11)本自无教训

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

从错误失败中取得知识。

(12)妾不堪驱使

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

强迫别人按照自己的意志行动。

(13)感君区区怀

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

很小或很少。

《逍遥游(节选)》

(14)虽然,犹有未树也

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

转折连词,用于上一个分句。

(15)腹犹果然

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

副词,表示事物与所说或所料相符;连词,假设事物与所说或所料相符。

(16)之二虫又何知

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

虫子。

《齐桓晋文之事》

(17)不推恩无以保妻子

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

丈夫的配偶。

(18)莅中国而抚四夷

古义:

________________________________________________________________________

今义:

中华人民共和国。

4.解释下列多义词

(1)故

(2)举

(3)适

(4)谢

(5)比

(6)效

(7)爱

(8)明

(9)志

5.解释下列加点的词语并指出其活用类型

《离骚》

(1)鸷鸟之不群兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(2)步余马于兰皋兮:

________________________________________________________________________

(3)伏清白以死直兮:

________________________________________________________________________

《孔雀东南飞(并序)》

(4)孔雀东南飞:

________________________________________________________________________

(5)手巾掩口啼:

________________________________________________________________________

(6)卿当日胜贵:

________________________________________________________________________

(7)槌床便大怒:

________________________________________________________________________

(8)自名秦罗敷:

________________________________________________________________________

(9)谢家事夫婿:

________________________________________________________________________

(10)交广市鲑珍:

________________________________________________________________________

(11)千万不复全:

________________________________________________________________________

(12)逆以煎我怀:

________________________________________________________________________

(13)足以荣汝身:

________________________________________________________________________

(14)便利此月内:

________________________________________________________________________

《逍遥游(节选)》

(15)怒而飞:

________________________________________________________________________

(16)不过数仞而下:

________________________________________________________________________

(17)绝六气:

________________________________________________________________________

(18)而后乃今将图南:

________________________________________________________________________

(19)奚以之九万里而南为:

________________________________________________________________________

(20)适莽苍者,三餐而反:

________________________________________________________________________

(21)德合一君,而征一国者:

________________________________________________________________________

《齐桓晋文之事》

(22)五亩之宅,树之以桑:

________________________________________________________________________

(23)五十者可以衣帛矣:

________________________________________________________________________

(24)然而不王者,未之有也:

________________________________________________________________________

(25)朝秦楚:

________________________________________________________________________

(26)危士臣:

________________________________________________________________________

(27)老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼:

________________________________________________________________________

二、理解常见文言虚词在文中的含义

6.“为”字重点练

(1)窃为大王不取也:

________________________________________________________________________

(2)吾属今为之虏矣:

________________________________________________________________________

(3)为之奈何:

________________________________________________________________________

(4)何辞为:

________________________________________________________________________

(5)于是秦王不怿,为一击缻:

________________________________________________________________________

(6)为国者无使为积威之所劫哉:

________________________________________________________________________

(7)赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声:

________________________________________________________________________

(8)愿为君妇:

________________________________________________________________________

(9)非为织作迟:

________________________________________________________________________

(10)君家妇难为:

________________________________________________________________________

(11)黄泉共为友:

________________________________________________________________________

(12)阿母为汝求:

________________________________________________________________________

(13)慎勿为妇死:

___________

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