届高考语文文言文复习专练5.docx
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届高考语文文言文复习专练5
第五册
——《离骚》《孔雀东南飞(并序)》
《逍遥游(节选)》《齐桓晋文之事》
考点知识巩固
一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义
1.写出下列通假字的本字,并解释其义
《离骚》
(1)偭规矩而改错:
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(2)何方圜之能周兮:
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(3)忳郁邑余侘傺兮:
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(4)进不入以离尤兮:
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(5)芳菲菲其弥章:
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(6)延伫乎吾将反:
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《孔雀东南飞(并序)》
(7)虽与府吏要:
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(8)吾今且报府:
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(9)终老不复取:
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(10)蒲苇纫如丝:
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(11)摧藏马悲哀:
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(12)府吏见丁宁:
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(13)箱帘六七十:
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《逍遥游(节选)》
(14)北冥有鱼:
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(15)小知不及大知:
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(16)小大之辩:
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(17)御六气之辩:
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(18)而征一国者:
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《齐桓晋文之事》
(19)无以,则王乎:
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(20)王说:
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(21)王之不王,是折枝之类也:
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(22)行旅皆欲出于王之涂:
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(23)赴愬于王:
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(24)放辟邪侈,无不为已:
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(25)颁白者不负戴于道路矣:
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(26)是罔民也:
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2.解释下列加点字词的含义
《离骚》
(1)哀民生之多艰:
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(2)偭规矩而改错:
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(3)竞周容以为度:
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(4)何方圜之能周兮:
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(5)苟余情其信芳:
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(6)高余冠之岌岌兮:
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(7)伏清白以死直兮:
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(8)将往观乎四荒:
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(9)余独好修以为常:
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(10)岂余心之可惩:
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《孔雀东南飞(并序)》
(11)会不相从许:
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(12)举手长劳劳:
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(13)寻遣丞请还:
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(14)渠会永无缘:
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《逍遥游(节选)》
(15)抟扶摇而上者九万里:
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(16)野马也,尘埃也:
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(17)未数数然也:
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《齐桓晋文之事》
(18)保民而王:
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(19)若无罪而就死地:
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(20)百姓皆以王为爱也:
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(21)诚有百姓者:
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(22)王若隐其无罪而就死地:
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(23)不为者与不能者之形:
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3.解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义
《离骚》
(1)固时俗之工巧兮
古义:
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今义:
指工艺品或诗文、书画细致精巧。
(2)吾独穷困乎此时也
古义:
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今义:
生活贫困,经济困难。
(3)怨灵修之浩荡兮
古义:
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今义:
形容广阔而壮大。
(4)偭规矩而改错
古义:
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今义:
改正错误。
(5)宁溘死以流亡兮
古义:
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今义:
因灾害或政治原因而被迫离开家乡和祖国。
(6)长余佩之陆离
古义:
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今义:
形容色彩繁多。
《孔雀东南飞(并序)》
(7)叶叶相交通
古义:
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今义:
各种运输往来、邮递通讯工作。
(8)可怜体无比
古义:
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今义:
值得怜悯。
(9)举手长劳劳
古义:
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今义:
表赞同或要求发言时的动作。
(10)守节情不移
古义:
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今义:
妇女不改变节操。
(11)本自无教训
古义:
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今义:
从错误失败中取得知识。
(12)妾不堪驱使
古义:
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今义:
强迫别人按照自己的意志行动。
(13)感君区区怀
古义:
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今义:
很小或很少。
《逍遥游(节选)》
(14)虽然,犹有未树也
古义:
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今义:
转折连词,用于上一个分句。
(15)腹犹果然
古义:
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今义:
副词,表示事物与所说或所料相符;连词,假设事物与所说或所料相符。
(16)之二虫又何知
古义:
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今义:
虫子。
《齐桓晋文之事》
(17)不推恩无以保妻子
古义:
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今义:
丈夫的配偶。
(18)莅中国而抚四夷
古义:
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今义:
中华人民共和国。
4.解释下列多义词
(1)故
(2)举
(3)适
(4)谢
(5)比
(6)效
(7)爱
(8)明
(9)志
5.解释下列加点的词语并指出其活用类型
《离骚》
(1)鸷鸟之不群兮:
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(2)步余马于兰皋兮:
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(3)伏清白以死直兮:
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《孔雀东南飞(并序)》
(4)孔雀东南飞:
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(5)手巾掩口啼:
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(6)卿当日胜贵:
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(7)槌床便大怒:
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(8)自名秦罗敷:
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(9)谢家事夫婿:
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(10)交广市鲑珍:
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(11)千万不复全:
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(12)逆以煎我怀:
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(13)足以荣汝身:
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(14)便利此月内:
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《逍遥游(节选)》
(15)怒而飞:
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(16)不过数仞而下:
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(17)绝六气:
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(18)而后乃今将图南:
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(19)奚以之九万里而南为:
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(20)适莽苍者,三餐而反:
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(21)德合一君,而征一国者:
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《齐桓晋文之事》
(22)五亩之宅,树之以桑:
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(23)五十者可以衣帛矣:
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(24)然而不王者,未之有也:
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(25)朝秦楚:
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(26)危士臣:
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(27)老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼:
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二、理解常见文言虚词在文中的含义
6.“为”字重点练
(1)窃为大王不取也:
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(2)吾属今为之虏矣:
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(3)为之奈何:
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(4)何辞为:
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(5)于是秦王不怿,为一击缻:
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(6)为国者无使为积威之所劫哉:
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(7)赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声:
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(8)愿为君妇:
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(9)非为织作迟:
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(10)君家妇难为:
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(11)黄泉共为友:
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(12)阿母为汝求:
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(13)慎勿为妇死:
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