romeconvention罗马公约.docx

romeconvention罗马公约.docx

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romeconvention罗马公约

CONVENTIONONTHELAWAPPLICABLETOCONTRACTUALOBLIGATIONSopenedforsignatureinRomeon19June1980（80/934/EEC）

OfficialJournalL266,09/10/1980p.0001-0019

Spanishspecialedition...:

Chapter1Volume3p.36

PortuguesespecialeditionChapter1Volume3p.36

PREAMBLE

THEHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIEStotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity,ANXIOUStocontinueinthefieldofprivateinternationallawtheworkofunificationoflawwhichhasalreadybeendonewithintheCommunity,inparticularinthefieldofjurisdictionandenforcementofjudgments,WISHINGtoestablishuniformrulesconcerningthelawapplicabletocontractualobligations,

HAVEAGREEDASFOLLOWS:

TITLEISCOPEOFTHECONVENTION

Article1

ScopeoftheConvention

1.TherulesofthisConventionshallapplytocontractualobligationsinanysituationinvolvingachoicebetweenthelawsofdifferentcountries.

2.Theyshallnotapplyto:

（a）questionsinvolvingthestatusorlegalcapacityofnaturalpersons,withoutprejudicetoArticle11;

（b）contractualobligationsrelatingto:

-willsandsuccession,

-rightsinpropertyarisingoutofamatrimonialrelationship,

-rightsanddutiesarisingoutofafamilyrelationship,parentage,marriageoraffinity,includingmaintenanceobligationsinrespectofchildrenwhoarenotlegitimate;

（c）obligationsarisingunderbillsofexchange,chequesandpromissorynotesandothernegotiableinstrumentstotheextentthattheobligationsundersuchothernegotiableinstrumentsariseoutoftheirnegotiablecharacter;

（d）arbitrationagreementsandagreementsonthechoiceofcourt;

（e）questionsgovernedbythelawofcompaniesandotherbodiescorporateorunincorporatesuchasthecreation,byregistrationorotherwise,legalcapacity,internalorganizationorwindingupofcompaniesandotherbodiescorporateorunincorporateandthepersonalliabilityofofficersandmembersassuchfortheobligationsofthecompanyorbody;

（f）thequestionwhetheranagentisabletobindaprincipal,oranorgantobindacompanyorbodycorporateorunincorporate,toathirdparty;

（g）theconstitutionoftrustsandtherelationshipbetweensettlors,trusteesandbeneficiaries;

（h）evidenceandprocedure,withoutprejudicetoArticle14.

3.TherulesofthisConventiondonotapplytocontractsofinsurancewhichcoverriskssituatedintheterritoriesoftheMemberStatesoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.Inordertodeterminewhetherariskissituatedintheseterritoriesthecourtshallapplyitsinternallaw.

4.Theprecedingparagraphdoesnotapplytocontractsofre-insurance.

Article2

Applicationoflawofnon-contractingStates

AnylawspecifiedbythisConventionshallbeappliedwhetherornotitisthelawofaContractingState.

TITLEIIUNIFORMRULES

Article3

Freedomofchoice

1.Acontractshallbegovernedbythelawchosenbytheparties.Thechoicemustbeexpressedordemonstratedwithreasonablecertaintybythetermsofthecontractorthecircumstancesofthecase.Bytheirchoicethepartiescanselectthelawapplicabletothewholeorapartonlyofthecontract.

2.Thepartiesmayatanytimeagreetosubjectthecontracttoalawotherthanthatwhichpreviouslygovernedit,whetherasaresultofanearlierchoiceunderthisArticleorofotherprovisionsofthisConvention.AnyvariationbythepartiesofthelawtobeappliedmadeaftertheconclusionofthecontractshallnotprejudiceitsformalvalidityunderArticle9oradverselyaffecttherightsofthirdparties.

3.Thefactthatthepartieshavechosenaforeignlaw,whetherornotaccompaniedbythechoiceofaforeigntribunal,shallnot,wherealltheotherelementsrelevanttothesituationatthetimeofthechoiceareconnectedwithonecountryonly,prejudicetheapplicationofrulesofthelawofthatcountrywhichcannotbederogatedfrombycontract,hereinaftercalled"mandatoryrules".

4.TheexistenceandvalidityoftheconsentofthepartiesastothechoiceoftheapplicablelawshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticles8,9and11.

Article4

Applicablelawintheabsenceofchoice

1.TotheextentthatthelawapplicabletothecontracthasnotbeenchoseninaccordancewithArticle3,thecontractshallbegovernedbythelawofthecountrywithwhichitismostcloselyconnected.Nevertheless,aseverablepartofthecontractwhichhasacloserconnectionwithanothercountrymaybywayofexceptionbegovernedbythelawofthatothercountry.

2.Subjecttotheprovisionsofparagraph5ofthisArticle,itshallbepresumedthatthecontractismostcloselyconnectedwiththecountrywherethepartywhoistoeffecttheperformancewhichischaracteristicofthecontracthas,atthetimeofconclusionofthecontract,hishabitualresidence,or,inthecaseofabodycorporateorunincorporate,itscentraladministration.However,ifthecontractisenteredintointhecourseofthatparty'stradeorprofession,thatcountryshallbethecountryinwhichtheprincipalplaceofbusinessissituatedor,whereunderthetermsofthecontracttheperformanceistobeeffectedthroughaplaceofbusinessotherthantheprincipalplaceofbusiness,thecountryinwhichthatotherplaceofbusinessissituated.

3.Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofparagraph2ofthisArticle,totheextentthatthesubjectmatterofthecontractisarightinimmovablepropertyorarighttouseimmovablepropertyitshallbepresumedthatthecontractismostcloselyconnectedwiththecountrywheretheimmovablepropertyissituated.

4.Acontractforthecarriageofgoodsshallnotbesubjecttothepresumptioninparagraph2.Insuchacontractifthecountryinwhich,atthetimethecontractisconcluded,thecarrierhashisprincipalplaceofbusinessisalsothecountryinwhichtheplaceofloadingortheplaceofdischargeortheprincipalplaceofbusinessoftheconsignorissituated,itshallbepresumedthatthecontractismostcloselyconnectedwiththatcountry.Inapplyingthisparagraphsinglevoyagecharter-partiesandothercontractsthemainpurposeofwhichisthecarriageofgoodsshallbetreatedascontractsforthecarriageofgoods.

5.Paragraph2shallnotapplyifthecharacteristicperformancecannotbedetermined,andthepresumptionsinparagraphs2,3and4shallbedisregardedifitappearsfromthecircumstancesasawholethatthecontractismorecloselyconnectedwithanothercountry.

Article5

Certainconsumercontracts

1.ThisArticleappliestoacontracttheobjectofwhichisthesupplyofgoodsorservicestoaperson（"theconsumer"）forapurposewhichcanberegardedasbeingoutsidehistradeorprofession,oracontractfortheprovisionofcreditforthatobject.

2.NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticle3,achoiceoflawmadebythepartiesshallnothavetheresultofdeprivingtheconsumeroftheprotectionaffordedtohimbythemandatoryrulesofthelawofthecountryinwhichhehashishabitualresidence:

-ifinthatcountrytheconclusionofthecontractwasprecededbyaspecificinvitationaddressedtohimorbyadvertising,andhehadtakeninthatcountryallthestepsnecessaryonhispartfortheconclusionofthecontract,or

-iftheotherpartyorhisagentreceivedtheconsumer'sorderinthatcountry,or

-ifthecontractisforthesaleofgoodsandtheconsumertravelledfromthatcountrytoanothercountryandtheregavehisorder,providedthattheconsumer'sjourneywasarrangedbythesellerforthepurposeofinducingtheconsumertobuy.

3.NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticle4,acontracttowhichthisArticleappliesshall,intheabsenceofchoiceinaccordancewithArticle3,begovernedbythelawofthecountryinwhichtheconsumerhashishabitualresidenceifitisenteredintointhecircumstancesdescribedinparagraph2ofthisArticle.

4.ThisArticleshallnotapplyto:

（a）acontractofcarriage;

（b）acontractforthesupplyofserviceswheretheservicesaretobesuppliedtotheconsumerexclusivelyinacountryotherthanthatinwhichhehashishabitualresidence.

5.Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofparagraph4,thisArticleshallapplytoacontractwhich,foraninclusiveprice,providesforacombinationoftravelandaccommodation.

Article6

Individualemploymentcontracts

1.NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticle3,inacontractofemploymentachoiceoflawmadebythepartiesshallnothavetheresultofdeprivingtheemployeeoftheprotectionaffordedtohimbythemandatoryrulesofthelawwhichwouldbeapplicableunderparagraph2intheabsenceofchoice.

2.NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticle4,acontractofemploymentshall,intheabsenceofchoiceinaccordancewithArticle3,begoverned:

（a）bythelawofthecountryinwhichtheemployeehabituallycarriesouthisworkinperformanceofthecontract,evenifheistemporarilyemployedinanothercountry;or

（b）iftheemployeedoesnothabituallycarryouthisworkinanyonecountry,bythelawofthecountryinwhichtheplaceofbusinessthroughwhichhewasengagedissituated;unlessitappearsfromthecircumstancesasawholethatthecontractismorecloselyconnectedwithanothercountry,inwhichcasethecontractshallbegovernedbythelawofthatcountry.

Article7

Mandatoryrules

1.WhenapplyingunderthisConventionthelawofacountry,effectmaybegiventothemandatoryrulesofthelawofanothercountrywithwhichthesituationhasacloseconnection,ifandinsofaras,underthelawofthelattercountry,thoserulesmustbeappliedwhateverthelawapplicabletothecontract.Inconsideringwhethertogiveeffecttothesemandat