词性变化和词性转换.docx

词性变化和词性转换.docx

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词性变化和词性转换

、合成

有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。

如:

合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。

fire+manfireman

good+lookinggood-looking

any+timeanytime

一、派生

1、前缀:

加前缀通常改变词义反义词:

un:

healthy---unhealthyusual---unusual

happy---unhappy

dis:

honest---dishonestappear---disappear

like---dislikecover---discover

im:

possible---impossible

in:

dependentindependent

一、派生

1、前缀:

加前缀通常改变词义

反义词:

un:

healthy---unhealthyusual---unusual

happy---unhappy

dis:

honest---dishonestappear---disappear

like---dislikecover---discover

im:

possible---impossible

in:

dependentindependent

2、后缀:

加后缀一般改变词性

（1）名词后缀:

-er:

manage—manager,own---owner,record---recorderreport---reporter,teach---teacher,wait---waiterwinwinner,work---worker,write---writer

--or:

visit---visitor,act---actor,invent---inventor

-ress:

wait---waitress,act---actress

-（t）ion:

invent—invention,pollute---pollution,

attract—attraction,suggest---suggestion

collect---collection,locate---location,

operate---operation,protect---protection

solve---solution,add---addition

2、后缀:

加后缀一般改变词性

（1）名词后缀:

-ation:

invite---invitation,organize---organization

-（s）ion:

discuss---discussion,decide---decision

-ment:

develop---development,amuse—amusement

advertise---advertisement

-ce:

enter---entrance

-ing:

meet---meeting,paint---painting,say---saying

begin---beginning,build---building

2、后缀:

加后缀一般改变词性

（2）名词+ist;er变成表示人的名词

-ist:

science--scientist,art—artist,tour—tourist

-er:

farm---farmer,engine---engineer,law---lawyer

（3）形容词+ness,ty,ity,th,ce,dom变成名词

-ness:

kind—kindness,ill—illness;

—nationality,

-ity:

electric—electricity,national

active—activity,able—ability

-th:

true—truth,long—length

-ce:

different—difference,important—importance

-dom:

free—freedom,wise—wisdom,

（2）动词后缀:

1.名词+ize变成动词:

-ize:

memory---memorize

2.形容词+en变成动词:

wide—widen

（3）.形容词后缀:

1.名词+ed,ful,y,ly,ive,al,cal,en,（i）an变成形容词

-ed:

age—aged,wound—wounded

-ful:

power—powerful,care—careful,use—usefulsuccess—successful,wonder—wonderful

-y:

wind—windy,rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy

snow—snowy,sun—sunny,luck—lucky

noise—noisy,health—healthy,fun—funny,

-ive:

act—active

-al:

education—educational,office—official,

nation—national,nature—natural,person—personal,tradition—traditional,physical—physical

-cal:

history—historical,chemistry—chemical,

medicine—medical

-en:

gold—golden,wood—wooden

-（i）an:

Australia—Australian,Canada—Canadian

Italy—Italian,America—American

（4）名词+less变成形容词,有相反的意思

-less:

home—homeless,care—careless,help—helplesslife—lifeless,use—useless;

动词+ful,able,ive变成形容词:

-ful:

forget—forgetful,help—helpful,thank—thankful

-able:

avail—available,enjoy—enjoyable,change—changeable,

-ive:

attract—attractive

动词+ed,ing变成形容词

-ed:

wound—wounded,fry—fried,please—pleased,surprisesurprised,interest—interested,

excite—excited

-ing:

amuse—amusing,interest—interesting

surprise—surprising,excite--exciting

（4）副词后缀:

形容词+y,ly变副词

-y:

gentle—gently,possible—possibly

-ly:

accurate—accurately,angry—angrily,

—luckily,

beautiful—beautifully,general—generally,

clear—clearly,complete—completely,final—finallylucky

loud—loudly,main—mainly,

quick—quickly,quiet—quietly,real—really,recent—recently,usual—usually,safe—safelyslow—slowly,serious—seriously,soft—softly

wide—widely,true—truly,careful—carefully,

happy—happily,heavy—heavily,

immediate--immediately

（5）基数词后缀:

-teen:

four—fourteen,five—fifteen,⋯

-ty:

three—thirty,eight—eighty,

（6）序数词后缀:

-th:

five-fifth,six---sixth,nineteen—nineteenth,

ninety-ninetieth,nine—ninth

特别注意:

one—first—firstly—once

two—second—secondly--twice

1、makeaphonecallcallmelater

2、changeheridea---offermesomechanges

3、cleanourclassroom---keepourclassroomclean

4、besunnyandclear---clearthestreet

5、cookfoodachiefcook

6、getathoroughcheck---checkourhomework

7、correctourmistakes---acorrectanswer

8、keepuscool---coolthemilk

9、inthedark---darkbrown

fromadesiretobecomerich---desirehappiness

leaveearlyearlymorning

onmyotherhandhandmehisbook

ahardappleworkhard

hurrytoschoolinahurry

looklikehavealookatworklateatalatehour---belateforprocessourproblem---alongprocess

waterflowers---enoughwater

weaklightlightenoughformetolift

walkstraightastraightline

somebooks---bookahotel

breaktheruleshaveabreak

abrightboyapairofbrighteyes

10、

11、

12、

13、

14、

15、

16、

17、

18、

19、

20、

21、

22、

23、

24、

abookinacasedealwithacase

25、catchthebus---catchthethief—catchacold---catchwhatyou

said

26、liveinthecountryworkforourcountry

27、walkthroughthecrowdbecrowdedwith

28、mydear---adearearring

29、myexperiencesinEnglandbefullofexperience

30、Idon'tknowif⋯,////Ifitrains,⋯.

31、runfastrunarestaurant

32、happentodo/happenonFriday

33、managetodosth./manageacompany

34、therestoftime/havearest

35、bepresentameetinggivemeapresentatpresent

36、stilllivetherekeepstill/staystillstilltaller

37、takeaway---takenotes---takeapill---takeabusIttakes

sb.sometimetodo⋯takephotos

38、lookafterpatientsbepatienttostudents

39、Yes,Iwill.Willyou⋯..astrongwill

Whenthereisawill,thereisaway.

41、getalong/onwithsb.getalong/onwithourwork

42、goahead,you'llfindaschoolonyourright.MayIask

youaquestion?

Goahead.

43、goinfor=takepartingoinfor=befondof

44、ourplanewilltakeofftakeoffyourcoat

45、lookupattheOrientalPearlTVTower=lookupawordinthe

dictionary

46、run/beoutoffoodwalkoutoftheclassroom

47、putonmycoat---putonmyglassesputonaplay

48、takeplace=beheld;takeplace=happen