大学英语UNIT 15 课后题及翻译.docx

大学英语UNIT 15 课后题及翻译.docx

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大学英语UNIT15课后题及翻译

2.UNIT1

I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthirdly,theattainmentoftheseends?

3.goals

2.Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehorns,andrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,insteadofatriptothemarket...

4.confrontthequestionfearlessly

3.TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.

5.overwhelmedby

4.Itis,Imustsay,abrilliantlysimpleideal,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythematter-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowtheWestcouldhavefailedtoseethatthemeaningoflifeliesinthesaneandhealthyenjoymentofit.

6.realistic;pragmatic

5.Humanismoccupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.

7.midway

8.Translation

I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

9.林语堂在论人性时，详述了人的尊严。

他说，人类之所以优于其他一切生物，因为人类具有由几个要素构成的尊严。

首先，人有带有游戏意味的好奇心，这种好奇心可看做是人类发展智慧的最早迹象。

第二，人类有梦幻。

人生活在一个真实的世界里，却有着梦想另一个世界的能力和倾向。

他说，世界就像一个点菜餐馆，每个人都认为邻座点的菜肴总比自己点的菜肴更加诱人、更加可口。

第三，人类有幽默感。

他给幽默感很高的评价。

他认为，幽默与敏锐的感觉、合乎情理的精神以及头脑探知矛盾、愚蠢和糟糕逻辑的微妙能力联系在一起。

幽默是人类智能的最高形式。

林语堂还细致讨论了个性主义的理念。

他认为，就文化而言，对某一文化的最后判断是看它产生怎样的男人和女人。

他还用儒家的观点来阐明自己的看法：

身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平。

10.Hints

11.详述elaborateon

12.优于besuperiorto

13.点菜餐馆alacarterestaurant

14.给幽默感很高的评价eulogizehumorimmensely

15.个性主义thedoctrineoftheindividual

16.儒家Confucianism

17.身修而后家齐whenpersonallifeiscultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated

18.Key

19.Whenhetalksaboutbeinghuman,LinYutangelaboratesonhumandignity.Hesaysthathumanbeingsaresuperiortoanyotherlivingcreaturesthankstohumandignitywhichconsistsofseveralelements.Firstofall,humanbeingshaveplayfulcuriosity,whichcouldbethefirstsignsofdevelopinghumanintelligence.Secondly,humanbeingshavedreams.Amanhasthecapacityandtendencytodreamofanotherworldthoughlivinginarealworld.Hesaysthattheworldisjustlikeanalacarterestaurantwhereeverybodythinksthatthefoodthenexttablehasorderedisinvariablymuchmoreinvitinganddeliciousthanhisown.Thirdly,humanbeingshaveasenseofhumor.Heeulogizeshumorimmensely,thinkingthathumorgoeswithgoodsenseandthereasonablespirit,plussomesubtlepowerofthemindindetectinginconsistenciesandfolliesandbadlogic.Humoristhehighestformofhumanintelligence.LinYutangalsotalksindetailaboutthedoctrineoftheindividual.Heholdsthatthefinaljudgmentofanyparticularcultureiswhattypeofmenandwomenitturnsoutasfarascultureisconcerned.HealsousestheargumentofConfucianismtoillustratehisownpointthatwhenpersonallifeiscultivated,thenhomelifeisregulated;whenhomelifeisregulated,thennationallifeisregulated,thentheworldisatpeace.

20.UNIT2

I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude.

21.absolutemoralrighteousnessandcorrectness

22.Somedaytheyareplanningtoalphabetizealltheirbooksandsetuphomecatalogs.

23.arrangeinalphabeticorder

24.Butwhiletheseambitiousplanstakeclearerandclearershapeintheirheads,thebooksspillfromtheshelvesontothefloor,theclothespileupinthehamperandcloset,thefamilymementosaccumulateineverydrawer,thesurfaceofthedeskisburiedundermoundsofpaperandtheunreadmagazinesthreatentoreachtheceiling.

25.aregraduallyformedanddeveloped

26.Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.

27.lazyandstupid

28.Whattheywanttodoisgetthewholethingoverwithsotheycansitdownandwatchtherasslin’onTV.

29.finishquicklywhattheyhavetodo

30.Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld.

31.destroyruthlesslythemainpartof

32.Translation

I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

33.作者认为，整洁的人与随意的人的根本差异是道德上的。

前者将整洁放在至高的位置，做事遵循两条不变的原则：

从不两次处理任何事；扔掉一切东西。

他们头脑清醒，目标明确，但他们十分冷漠，以至在他们看来，人、动物、物品都是一样的东西。

与前者形成鲜明对照的是，后者往往头脑里充满了各种各样、一时冲动的浪漫奇想。

他们的理想太完美了，事实上是难以实现的。

更为重要的是，随意的人有一颗爱心，他们似乎对一切都有情感依恋。

从某种意义上，我们可以这么说，大多数政治家和将军是属于第一种类型的人，而大多数诗人和艺术家则是属于第二种类型的人。

34.Hints

35.至高的位置aboveeverythingelse

36.不变的原则unvaryingprinciples

37.与前者形成对照的是Insharpcontrast;Contrastedwiththeformer

38.浪漫奇想romanticwhims

39.爱心lovingheart

40.情感依恋sentimentalattachments

41.Key

42.Theauthorholdsthatthefundamentaldifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleismoral.Theformerplaceneatnessaboveeverythingelseandworkontwounvaryingprinciples:

Neverhandleanyitemtwice;andthroweverythingaway.Theyareclear-mindedandobjective,buttheyaresoindifferentthatpeople,animalsandthingsareallonetothem.Insharpcontrast,thelatterfilltheirmindswithallkindsofromanticwhimsandtheiridealsarejusttooperfecttocometrueinreality.What’smore,thelatterhavealovingheartandseemtoshowsentimentalattachmentstoeverything.Inaway,wemayconcludethatmoststatesmenandgeneralsfallintotheformercategorywhilemostpoetsandartistsbelongtothelattertype.

43.UNIT3

I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.Foryearswehavehaditdrummedintous—inprint,onradio,overtelevision,ineverydayconversation—thatanyhintofpainistobebanishedasthoughitweretheultimateevil.

44.repeatedlymadeknownto;repeatedlyforcedupon

2.Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletoruntoadoctoratthefirstsignofpainhasboomeranged.

45.producedtheresultoppositefromwhatwasintended

3.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.

46.painsofacertainlevelabovewhichsomeeffectswillreveal

4.Themorefamoustheathlete,thegreatertheriskthatheorshemaybesubjectedtoextrememedicalmeasureswheninjurystrikes.

47.forcedtoundergo

6.ButhisteamisbattlingforaplaceintheWorldSeries;sothetrainerorteamdoctor,calledupontoworkhismagic,reachesforastrongdoseofButazolidineorotherpowerfulpainsuppressants.

48.createsupernaturallywonderfuleffect

7.Littlewonderthatsomanystarathletesarecutdownintheirprime,morethevictimsofoverzealoustreatmentoftheirinjuriesthanoftheinjuriesthemselves.

49.forcedtodropoutatthetopoftheircareer

8.Buttheirindiscriminateandpromiscuoususeismakingpsychologicalcripplesandchronicailersoutofmillionsofpeople.

50.mentallyunbalancedordisabledindividuals

51.sufferersoflong-termpoorhealth

9.Theunremittingbarrageofadvertisingforpain-killingdrugs,especiallyovertelevision,hassetthestageforamassanxietyneurosis.

52.endlessandoverwhelmingoutpouring

53.Translation

I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

54.无知是我们理性生活的最大障碍之一。

对病痛的无知就是一个恰当的例子。

很多人几乎不知道，疼痛并不总是表明健康状态极糟，而经常是压力、担忧、无聊、枯燥，甚至是睡眠不足、饮食过量或缺乏锻炼造成的。

更为糟糕的是，他们对疼痛十分敏感。

结果，医生的办公室里挤满了各种因疼痛病而前来就医的人。

医生往往处在一个进退两难的境地。

一方面，他们在病人身上找不到引起疼痛的器质性病因；另一方面，他们又怕忽视一些症状，而这些症状可能是潜在的无法治愈疾病的先期警告。

另外，如果对于疼痛的根本原因一无所知的情况普遍存在的话，那么对于止痛药的药物性一无所知的情况也会变得同样普遍。

滥用止痛药的危险在于：

或许止了疼痛却没有解决严重隐患。

人们一般认为，止痛药之王是阿司匹林药片。

阿司匹林药片无需处方即可出售。

然而，长期不间断使用该药片也可能是致命的。

因此，让人们了解疼痛以及止痛药，将此作为普及教育的一个组成部分极其重要。

这样，人们就会懂得疼痛起始阶段的各种情况，懂得止痛药的药物性及其副作用，恰当地处理疼痛病例。

55.Hints

56.理性生活intelligentlife

57.恰当的例子acaseinpoint

58.更为糟糕的是Whatisworse

59.挤满了beoverloadedwith

60.处在一个进退两难的境地caughtinadilemma

61.器质性原因organiccause

62.无法治愈疾病incurableillness

63.普遍存在widespread

64.隐患underlyingcondition

65.疼痛起始阶段“threshold”varietyofpain

66.药物性medicalsubstances

67.Key

68.Ignoranceisoneofthebiggestobstaclestoourintelligentlife.Ignoranceaboutpainisacaseinpoint.Painisnotalwaystheindicationofbrokenhealth.Manypeoplehavelittleknowledgeaboutthefactthatitisfrequentlytheresultofstress,worry,idleness,boredom,eveninsufficientsleep,overeatingorinadequateexercise.Whatisworse,theyaremostpain-conscious.Asaresult,doctors’officesareoverloadedwithpeoplewithailmentsofpain.Thedoctorstendtobecaughtinadilemma.Ononehand,theycanfindnoorganiccauseofpaininthepatient.Ontheotherhand,theyareafraidthattheymayignoresymptomswhichcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyincurableillness.Inaddition,ifignoranceaboutthenatureofpainiswidespread,ignoranceaboutthenatureofpain-killingdrugswillbelikewisewidespread.Thedangeroftheabuseofpain-killingdrugsisthattheymaydeadenthepainwithoutcorrectingthegraveunderlyingcondition.Aspiriniscommonlyregardedasthekingofallpain-killers.Andaspirinispermittedtobesoldwithoutprescription.However,thedrugcanbelethalinsustaineddoses.Soitisextremelyimportanttomakeknowledgeaboutpainandpain-killingdrugspartofpopulareducation,sothattheindividualunderstandsthe“threshold”varietyofpain,themedicinalsubstancesandsideeffectsofpain-killingdrugsanddealswiththecaseofpainproperly.

69.UNIT5

I.Explaintheitalicizedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.…whenIwanderedhourafterhouramongthestreets,bewilderedandalmostintoxicatedwithbeauty,feelingasapoormanmightwhohaspinchedalllife,andmadethemostofsinglecoins,andwhoisbroughtintothepresenceofaheapofpiled-upgold,andtoldthatitisallhisown.

70.stimulatedorexcited