语法复习代词.docx
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语法复习代词
英语复习专辑
(2)——代词
一、代词的分类
代词是一种用来代替名词或相当于名词的词,大多数代词都具有名词和形容词的功能。
代词主要有8种,见下表。
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
I
you
he,she,it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him,she,it
us
you
them
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his,her,it
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his,hers,its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself,herself,itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代词
this,that等
these,those等
疑问代词
who,whom,whose,what,which等
不定代词
each,everyone,everybody,everything,some,any,someone,anyone,somebody,something,none,noone,nobody,nothing,all,few,afew,little,alittle,either,neither,both等
相互代词
eachother,oneanother
关系代词
who,whom,whose,which,that等
二、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法
1.人称代词:
主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)
eg:
①Ithankyou.
②Youthankme.
③Youcanlookafterhim.
2.物主代词:
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
一变(my—mine);二留(his—hisits—its)
三加s(your—yours;our—ours;her—hers;their—theirs)
用法:
有名不名,无名是名
eg:
Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).
3.反身代词的常见搭配:
①enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快②hurtoneself伤着自己
③teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学④(all)byoneself(完全)独立地
⑤helponeselfto请自便;随便吃…⑥lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己
⑦leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下⑧loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…
练习
Group1
1.Thoughitrainedheavily,____werestillplayingontheplayground.
A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves
2.Tomand____willgotoseeourteacher,for___isill.
A.I;sheB.me;sheC.I;herD.me;her
3.Is_____aboyorgirl?
A.sheB.heC.oneD.it
4.Only______knowit.
A.IandheB.heandyouC.heandID.Iandyou
Group2
1.Isaw___playinginthestreetatthattime.
A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs
2.Jimwillgive____ashorttalktomorrow.
A.weB.usC.ourD.ours
3.Pleaseask_____nottoskateonthethinice.
A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs
4.Thepenishers.Passitto____,please.
A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself
5.Letmegoandgivethecoatto____.
A.heB.hisC.himselfD.him
6.Theyasked___todothework.
A.you,heandIB.you,himandmeC.I,youandheD.me,youandhim
Group3
1.Thebirdbuilt___nestinthetree.
A.it'sB.her'sC.hersD.its
2.Haveyouseen___pen,ablackone?
A.theseB.myC.youD.hers
3.SorryIhaveforgot____telephonenumber.
A.yoursB.himC.youD.his
Group4
1.We____atthepartylastSunday.
A.enjoyedmyselfB.enjoyedourselvesC.enjoymyselfD.enjoyedourself
2."Make_____athome."hesaidtohisfriends.
A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.youD.yours
3.LetTonydoitby____.Heisnolongerakid
A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he
4.Youaretwelvenow.___mustlookafter___.
A.You;yourselfB.Your;yourselfC.You;yourD.You're;yourself
5.Sheandhermotherenjoyed______attheparty.
A.herB.themC.herselfD.themselves
三、指示代词用法
this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。
eg:
thatapple()thatmeat()
TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotas______inGuangzhou.
练习
Group5
1.Who'sthatatthedoor?
____isthepostman.
A.SheB.ThisC.ItD.He
2.Who'sthatinthepicture?
A.It'sme.B.That'sI.C.Thisisaboy.D.It'sI.
3.---Look,whoiscoming?
---_____mustbeourEnglishteacher.
A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This
4.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan____be?
A.oneB.heC.sheD.it
四、常见疑问代词及其用法
疑问代词
意义
基本用法
例句
who
谁
主语、表语、宾语
Whoareyouwaitingfor?
whom
谁
宾语(who的宾格)
WithwhomdidyougotoBeijing?
whose
谁的
主语、表语、宾语、定语(who的所有格)
Whosepenisthis?
what
什么
主语、表语、宾语、定语
Whatdoyouknowaboutit?
which
哪个
主语、表语、宾语、定语
Whichmoviedoyoulikebest?
练习
Group6
1.____isthebestseasonoftheyear?
A.WhenB.WhatC.WhichD.Whattime
2.---____isyoursister?
---Sheisanurse.
A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Who
3.---_____colourareyournewshoes?
---Theyarebrown.
A.AnyB.WhoseC.WhichD.What
4.---_____isyourclassmateJohnlike?
---He'sverytall.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhoD.Which
Group7
1.____hashappenedand____didit?
A.Who;whoB.What;whoC.What;whatD.Who;what
2.Who_______waitingoutside?
Pleaseaskthemtocomein.
A.isB.hasC.haveD.are
3.---_____isthatmanoverthere?
---He'sMrGreen.
A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Who
Group8
1.____onedoyoulike,theblueoneortheredone?
A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.This
2.---_____isbigger?
---Theyellowone.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.It
3.______ofyouwouldliketogowithus?
A.WhoB.WhichC.AllD.Both
Group9
1.---_____bagisthis?
---It'sJack's.
A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoseD.Who's
2.---_____pencilsarethese?
---Theyaretheirs.
A.WhichB.WhoseC./D.These
3.______houseisbeingrepaired?
A.WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.Whose
五、常见不定代词的用法
1.some和any
some一般用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
但some有时也可用于疑问句中,表示劝告、请求、建议等(此类句型常以could,would开头)或希望得到对方肯定的回答。
另外,any还可表示“任何一个”的意思,用于肯定句中。
eg:
Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?
你想喝点咖啡吗?
Youcanborrowanyofthethreebooks.你可以借这三本书中的任何一本。
2.noone和none
①none既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表范围的of短语连用;而noone(=nobody)只能指人,不能与of短语连用。
eg:
Noneofthatmoneyonthetableismine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。
Noneofusenjoygettingupearly.我们中间没人喜欢早起。
Noone(=Nobody)knowsaboutit.没有人了解此事。
②none与数量有关,可回答howmany,表示“一个也没有”;而noone表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who。
eg:
—Howmanypeoplearethereinthatroom?
那个房间里有几个人?
—None.一个人也没有。
—Whowaslatetoday?
今天谁迟到了?
—Noone.谁也没有迟到。
3.other,theother,others,theothers,another
不定代词
意义
用法说明
other
另外的
泛指,只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用
theother
两者中的另一个
特指两者中的另一个,常用结构“one...theother...”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余全部的”
others
泛指别的人或物
是other的复数形式,泛指别人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成“some...others...”结构
theothers
特指其余的人或物
是theother的复数形式,特指其余的人或物
another
任何一个;另一个
泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作形容词或代词
注:
theothers=theother+复数名词
eg:
①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.
②.MayIhave___________apple?
③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.
④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.
Group10练习
1.CanIhave______bottleoforange,please?
A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers
2.Thereareforty-fourstudentsinClassOne.Nineteenofthemareboys,_____aregirls.
A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.someothers
3.Mr.Smithhastwosons._____isasoldier,_____isadoctor.
A.One;anotherB.One;otherC.This;theotherD.One;theother
4.Therearemanypeopleintheparknow.Someareboating.______arewalkingalongthelake.
A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others
5.Theglassisbroken.Goandget______.
A.otherB.anotheroneC..othersD.theother
4.few,afew,little,alittle
没多少;很少(表否定)
一些;少量的(表肯定)
用于可数名词前
few
afew
用于不可数名词前
little
alittle
eg:
Therearefewpeopleinthestation.车站几乎没有人。
Ihavelittletimetoplayfootball.我几乎没时间踢足球。
Thereareafewtomatoesandalittlemeatinthefridge.冰箱里还有一些西红柿和肉。
Group11练习
1.Ididn'tgetanylettersyesterday,buttherewere____thismorning.
A.alittleB.fewC.littleD.afew
2.Thefilmisn'tinteresting.___peoplelikeit.
A.FewB.AlittleC.AfewD.Little
3.Shecanspeak___Englishnow.
A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.few
4.Hurryup!
Thereis____timeleft.
A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle
5.Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthesubject.
A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew
5.many和much
many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,两者都可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。
eg:
Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。
Doyouhavemuchmoneyleft?
你剩的钱多吗?
Group12练习
1.WeshouldspeakEnglishas___aspossible.
A.manyB.muchC.fewD.lot
2.It'sgoingtobeabusydaytoday.Ihave____worktodo.
A.ahardB.alotC.manyD.much
3.Theboyhaseatentwobananasalready,buthewanted___.
A.afewmoreB.fewmoreC.alittlemoreD.littlemore
4.Doyoueat____fruitandvegetables?
A.manyB.moreC.alotD.alotof
6.either和neither
either指两个人或物中的一个,neither指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配“either/neitherof+名词或代词的复数”,作主语时谓语动词常用第三人称单数。
当either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
eg:
Youcantakeeitheroftheroads.两条路你走哪一条都行。
Ilikeneitherofthenovels.这两本小说我都不喜欢。
二者与三者的几组区别
Group1
复数
单数
单数
二者
both(都)
neither(都不)
either(任何一个)
三者
all(都)
none(都不)
any(任何一个)
注意:
①.both否定neither;all否定none
②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名
eg:
①____ofmyparentsisateacher.
A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All
②Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.
A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all
Group2
each:
(二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定);every:
(三者以上的)每个——只作定语).
eg:
①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish.
②.____ofthestudentsstudiedhard.
Group13练习
1._____ofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.
A.EveryB.AllC.BothD.Each
2.TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.
A.bothB.allC.everyD.each
3.---Arethesetwobooksinteresting?
---Yes,____ofthemareinteresting.
A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither
六、相互代词的用法
oneanother(三者以上的)相互;eachother(两者的)相互.
eg:
Weshouldlearnfromeachother.我们应该相互学习。
(说明we指两个人)
Theyhelponeanother.他们相互帮助。
(说明they指三个人以上)
Group14练习
1.Peopleusuallyputsmallpresentsin____stockingonChristmasEve.
A.eachotherB.eachothersC.eachother'sD.eachothers'
2.Thestudentsoftenhelp_______.
A.onetheotherB.eachtheotherC.oneanotherD