呼吸内科专业英语.docx

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呼吸内科专业英语.docx

呼吸内科专业英语

LGGROUPsystemofficeroom【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】

 

呼吸内科专业英语

呼吸科英语

Bronch

ialasthma支气管哮喘acidosis酸中毒

Allergen,allergicreaction变异原,变态反应bloodgasanalysis血气分析Anaemia贫血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素

Atelectasis肺不张Lungabscess肺脓肿

Athroscleroticheartdisease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

Beta2-agonistB2受体激动剂

Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis曲霉菌

ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征

Percussionandauscultation叩/听诊

Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺动脉狭窄

Adrenalglucocorticoid肾上腺糖皮质激素

B

Biopsy活检

Bronchiectasis支气管扩张

Fiberopticbronchoscopicbiopsy纤支镜活检

BALbronchoalveolarlavage支气管肺泡灌洗

Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎,细支气管炎

Boop:

bronchiolitisobliteranswithorganizingpneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy支气管镜检查

C

CAHDcoronaryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病

CPRcardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺复苏

CDILDchronicdiffuseinterstitiallungdisease慢性间质性肺病

COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺

Clubbedfinger杵状指

drycough干咳

Cyanosis紫绀

Nonproductivecough干咳

Complication并发症

D

Dyspnea呼吸困难

Differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断

Dischargediagnosis出院诊断

E

Emphysema肺气肿

pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞

Acidbaseequolibrium酸碱平衡

etiology病因学

Emphysematous肺大泡

Expectoration吐痰

Exacerbation加重

Endogenous内生的

Exogenous外生的

F

Interstitialpulmonaryfibrosis间质性肺纤维化

G

GM+Gramstainpositive

Gm-Gramstainnegative

H

Hypersensitivitypneumonia过敏性肺炎

Hemoglobin血红蛋白

Hemoptysis咯血

Hemorrhage出血

HRCThigh–resolutioncomputerizedtomography高分辨CTHistology组织学

Hypoxia缺氧

I

Idiopathicinterstitialpneumonia特发间质性肺炎

Intratracheal气管内的

Intravenous静脉内的

N

Noninvasiveventilation无创机械通气

O

OSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征

P

Pulmonarysecondsound肺动脉瓣第二心音

Pneumonia肺炎

Pneumothorax气胸

PTEpulmonarythromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusionratio通气血流比

Pleura胸腔积液

Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocationtest激发试验

Parenchymal实质的(insterstial间质的)

Plumonaryedema肺水肿

Lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎

2/3

Lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎

R

Moistrales湿罗音

Dryrales干罗音

S

SaO2saturationinarterialblood动脉血氧饱和度Shortofbreath气短

Syncope晕厥

Sarcoidosis结节病

Segment段

T

Tuberculosis结核病

Tachypnea气促

Thrombosis血栓

TBLBtransbronchiallungbiosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查

U

Upperrespiratorytractinfection上呼吸道感染

W

Wheeze哮鸣音

其他

facilitatingsputumexpectoration排痰releaseofbronchialspasm解痉

细菌

steptococcuspneumoiae肺炎链球菌

staphylococcus葡萄球菌

legionella军团菌

mycoplasma支原体

chlamydia衣原体

pneumococcus肺炎球菌

video-assistedthoracoscopic-guided[θ'rkskup]胸腔镜lungbiopsy

openlungbiopsy

pleuralbiopsy

biopsyofenlargedlymphnodes

D-Dimers

electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图

echocardiogram超声心动图

V/Qisotope['aisutup]同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)

spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography[,ndi'ɡrfi]血管造影术)pulmonaryangiography

Doppler['dpl]多普勒USSthigh[θai]大腿andpelvis['pelvis]骨盆(USS:

ultrasoundscanning)

cardiacmonitor

PSG(polysommography)

常见的病名diseases

acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染

commoncold普通感冒

influenza流感[,influ'enz]

pharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgia[frin'gldi]咽痛

acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎

4/14

pneumonia肺炎

communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张

chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎

pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿

chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作bronchialasthma支气管哮喘

allergicrhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎

respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭

lungabscess肺脓肿

pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病

lungcancer:

肺癌

primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌

squamous['skweim?

s]cellcarcinoma鳞癌

adenocarcinoma腺癌['dnu,kɑ:

si'num]

bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌

smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)小细胞肺癌

pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤[m'tstsis]

pulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞

pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrmbu'emblizm]pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成empyema脓胸[,empai'i:

m]

pneumothorax气胸

pyopneumothorax脓气胸['paiu,nju:

mu'θ:

rks]

chronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病['spjurtiv,-reitiv]

congenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病[,sai'ntik]

corpulmonale肺源性心脏病['k:

pum'nli]

pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压

pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病[en,sef'lpθi]

rightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭

pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病

interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病

idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idi'pθik]

cryptogenic[,kriptu'denik]隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病

systemiclupus['lju:

p?

s]狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮

dermatomyositis皮肌炎

sarcoidosis结节病[,sɑ:

ki'dusis]

Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis[,prutii'nusis],PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症

Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis['hi:

mu,sid'rusis,,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病

Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrnju,lum'tusis]

Eosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:

sin'filik]

HistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症X

WegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿

extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎

pneumoconiosis尘肺['nju:

m,kuni'usis]

drug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病

aspergillosis[,sp:

di'lusis]曲菌病:

allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病

broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘['fistjul]

oralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮[,kndi'daisis]

osteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变

glaucoma青光眼

cataract白内障

acutelunginjury,ALI急性肺损伤

acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征

urticaria荨麻疹eczema湿疹hypertension高血压diabetes糖尿病beadministered,treatsb.withempirical经验性的,prophylactic[,prfi'lktik,,pru-]预防性,remedial[ri'mi:

dil]治疗性Expectorant祛痰药[eks'pektrnt]Mucolytics粘液溶解剂[,mju:

ku'litik]常用的药物drugsoragents

bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brkudai'leit]

B2-agonists['ɡnist]兴奋剂:

short-acting:

salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sl'bju:

tm(:

)l]long-acting:

salmeterol沙美特罗

muscarinic[,msk'rinik]毒蕈碱样的antagonists[n'tɡnist]对抗剂:

ipratropiumbromide['brumaid]异丙托溴胺

aminophylline氨茶碱[,mi:

nu'fili:

n]

steroids['stirid]类固醇inhaled:

budesonide布地奈

po(per德,os).,beclomethasone[,beklu'meθsun]倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic:

prednisolone['pred'nislun]强的松

hydrocortisone[,haidru'k:

tizun]氢化可的松iv.

mastcellstabilizers:

cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠

leukotriene[,lju:

ku'train]白三烯receptorantagonists:

montelukast孟鲁司特

respiratorystimulants:

lobeline

6/14

nikethamide[ni'keθ?

maid,-mid]尼可刹米

cardiactonic强心剂diuretics利尿剂[,daiju'retik]albumin白蛋白['lbjumin]antitussiveagents镇咳药[,nti'tsiv]

ammoniumchloride氯化铵['munjm]铵['kl:

raid]氯化物

ambroxol氨溴索(mucosolvan沐舒坦)

Pantoloc潘妥洛克

常用的治疗措施

loworhighflowoxygen:

nasalcannulae['knjuli:

]鼻导管,Venturi[ven'tjuri]文里氏face-masknebulizer['nebjulaiz]喷雾器:

finerparticlesize(3to20um)allowstracheobronchialdeposition

metereddoseinhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器

viaintubation[,intju:

'bein]插管,tracheostomy[,trki'stmi,,trei-]气管造口术,tracheotomy[,trki'tmi,,trei-]气管切开术)

synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV同步间歇指令通气

pressuresupportventilation,PSV压力支持通气

thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术[,θ:

rksen'tesis]chestdrain/drainage引流术chemotherapy化疗radiationtherapy放疗

pneumonectomy肺切除术[,nju:

mu'nektmi]

lobectomyoflung,pulmonarylobectomy肺叶切除术[lu'bektmi]叶切除术

thoracotomy开胸术,胸廓切开术[,θ:

r'ktmi]

pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术

pleurectomy胸膜切除术

pleuraladhesion胸膜粘连术

thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术

inferiorvenacavafilter下腔静脉过滤器

cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['vrikus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysis

deviation:

tracheaandapex['eipeks]尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边

CXR:

translucency[trnz'lju:

snsi]半透明+collapse倒塌:

visiblerim边缘

refractoryorrecurrent周期性的:

pleurodesis胸膜固定术,pleurectomy[plu'rektmi]胸膜切除术,bulla['bul]大疱stapling装订orlasering激光常用的化疗药

9/14

cisplatin顺铂

Gemcitabine吉西他滨:

Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇(Taxol泰素)docetaxel多西他赛(泰素帝)常见的抗生素

beta-lactamantibiotics:

inhibitcellwallsynthesis

penicillinskintest

amoxicillin阿莫西林

piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanatepotassium替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin头孢菌素类

cefradine头孢拉啶

cefaclor头孢克洛

cefoperazone/sulbactam头孢哌酮/舒巴坦

ceftriaxone头孢曲松

cefpiramide头孢吡啶

ceftazidime头孢他定

ceftizoxime头孢唑污

carbopenems碳青霉烯类

azactam氨曲南

meropenem美罗培南

imipenemandsodiumcilastatin亚胺培南/西司他丁钠(泰能tienam)Glycopeptides糖肽类inhibitcellwallassemblyvancomycin万古霉素norvancomycin去甲万古霉素

teicoplanin替考拉林

Macrolides大环内酯类:

inhibitproteinsynthesisroxithromycin罗红霉素

clarithromycin克拉霉素

azithromycin阿奇霉素

erythromycin红霉素

Aminoglycosideantibiotics:

氨基糖苷类reno-andototoxicinhibitinitiationandelongationprocessduringproteinsynthesisamikacin阿米卡星(丁胺卡那)

gentamicin庆大霉素

streptomycin链霉素

Sulfamido磺胺类

sulfamethoxazolecompound

Quinolones喹诺酮类:

inhibitDNAgyrase

norfloxacin诺氟沙星

ofloxacin氧氟沙星

levofloxacin左氧氟沙星

gatifloxacin加替沙星

moxifloxacin莫西沙星ciprofloxacin环丙沙星

Tetracycline四环素类minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole硝基咪唑类metronidazole甲硝唑

tinidazole替硝唑

ornidazole奥硝唑

Antitubercularagents抗结核药

rifampicin利福平

rifapentine利福喷丁

isoniazide,isonicotinichydrazideacidINH异烟肼

pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺

ethambutol乙胺丁醇

Antifungal/antimycoticdrug抗真菌药

nystatin制霉菌素

amphotericin两性霉素B

fluconazole氟康唑

voriconazole伏立康唑

itraconazole伊曲康唑

Antivirusagents

ribavirin利巴韦林

oseltamivir奥司他韦acyclovir阿昔洛韦ganciclovir更昔洛韦valaciclovir伐昔洛韦

foscarnetsodium,phosphonoformicacid膦甲酸钠(可耐)

lamivudine拉米夫定

entecavir恩替卡韦

常见的病原微生物

microorganism,microbe微生物

bacterium细菌

lipopolysaccharide(LPS)脂多糖

antibiotics抗生素

pyrogen致热原

exotoxin外毒素

endotoxin内毒素

Gramstain革兰染色

Colonyformingunit,CFU集落形成单位

antibacterialagents抗菌药

resistance耐药性

ESBLs:

extendedspectrumB-lactamases超光谱B内酰胺酶

MRSA:

methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症

toxemia毒血症

11/14

endotoxemia内毒素血症

septicaemia败血症pyemia脓毒血症pathogen致病原pathogenicity致病性

virulence毒力

medianlethaldose(LD50)半数致死量

medianinfectivedose(ID50)半数感染量

virus病毒

replication复制

viremia病毒血症

normalmicrobiota,

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