涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx

涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx

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涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2

Unit2MarineBiology

TextA

PartI

UnderstandingandLearning

Backgroundinformation

1.Marinebiology

Marinebiologyisthescientificstudyoforganismsintheoceanorothermarineorbrackishbodiesofwater.Giventhatinbiologymanyphyla（类群）,familiesandgenera（属）havesomespeciesthatliveintheseaandothersthatliveonland,marinebiologyclassifiesspeciesbasedontheenvironmentratherthanontaxonomy（分类学）.Marinebiologydiffersfrommarineecologyasmarineecologyisfocusedonhoworganismsinteractwitheachotherandtheenvironment,andbiologyisthestudyoftheorganismsthemselves.

Marinelifeisavastresource,providingfood,medicine,andrawmaterials,inadditiontohelpingtosupportrecreationandtourismallovertheworld.Atafundamentallevel,marinelifehelpsdeterminetheverynatureofourplanet.Marineorganismscontributesignificantlytotheoxygencycle,andareinvolvedintheregulationoftheEarth'sclimate.Shorelinesareinpartshapedandprotectedbymarinelife,andsomemarineorganismsevenhelpcreatenewland.

Marinebiologycoversagreatdeal,fromthemicroscopic,includingmostzooplanktonandphytoplanktontothehugecetaceans（whales）whichreachuptoareported30meters（98feet）inlength.

2.Hydrothermalvents

Ahydrothermalventisafissureinaplanet'ssurfacefromwhichgeothermallyheatedwaterissues.Hydrothermalventsarecommonlyfoundnearvolcanicallyactiveplaces,areaswheretectonicplates（地壳板块）aremovingapart,oceanbasins,andhotspots.Hydrothermalventsexistbecausetheearthisbothgeologicallyactiveandhaslargeamountsofwateronitssurfaceandwithinitscrust.Commonlandtypesincludehotsprings,fumaroles（喷气孔）andgeysers.Underthesea,hydrothermalventsmayformfeaturescalledblacksmokers.Relativetothemajorityofthedeepsea,theareasaroundsubmarinehydrothermalventsarebiologicallymoreproductive,oftenhostingcomplexcommunitiesfueledbythechemicalsdissolvedintheventfluids.Chemosyntheticarchaea（古生菌）formthebaseofthefoodchain,supportingdiverseorganisms,includinggianttubeworms,clams,limpetsandshrimp.ActivehydrothermalventsarebelievedtoexistonJupiter'smoonEuropa,andancienthydrothermalventshavebeenspeculatedtoexistonMars.

DetailedStudyoftheText

1.Someofthecurrenteventsinmarinebiologyarehighlightedintheupcomingparagraphs.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Inthefollowingparagraphs,someofthecurrenteventsinbiologyarebeingemphasizedandmakeyouthinkaboutthem.

2.Duetothedepletionofozonelayer,thefloatingplanktonsareatriskofgettingexposedtodeleteriousraysofthesun.（Para.3）

Meaning:

Becausetheozonelayerisdecreasedmarkedly,thefloatingplanktonsarefacingthedangerofbeingexposedtoharmfulraysofthesun.

depletion:

n.theactofdecreasingsomethingmarkedly

TheCleanAirActof1970,theyeartheEPAwasestablished,wasevenmorerobust,andsubsequentamendmentsin1977and1990addressedozonedepletionandacidrain.1970年制订的空气清洁法案，即在EPA成立那一年，实施力度更为强硬，随后分别在1977年和1990年两次修订法案，增加了导致臭氧层损害和酸雨的条款。

depletev.useup（resourcesormaterials）

Thissuggeststhatthereremainsasubstantialneedtodepletestocksfurther.这表明当前需要进一步削减存货量。

deleteriousa.harmfultolivingthings

Theoxidesofnitrogencanhavedeleteriouseffectsonmaterials,vegetation,andanimalandhumanlife.氮的氧化物对物质、植物、动物和人类生活有毒害效应。

Monthaftermonth,reportsmountofthedeleteriouseffectsofrisingcarbonlevels.月复一月，一篇篇关于碳元素增加、有害环境的报告不断累积。

3.Sinceironisararenutrientintheocean,manyscientistsareoftheopinionthatintroductionofirondustwillfavorthegrowthofplankton,ultimatelyhelpingincarbonabsorptionandreducingglobalwarming.（Para.4）

Meaning:

Sinceironisararenutrientintheocean,manyscientistsholdtheopinionthattheleading-inofirondustwillpromotethegrowthofplankton,thusbeinghelpfultoabsorbcarbonandreduceglobalwarming.

Note:

Pleasenotethepresentparticipleinthesentence“…,ultimatelyhelpingincarbonabsorptionandreducingglobalwarming.”Itisfunctionedasadverbialofresult.Itisusuallyputattheendofthesentence.

e.g.Thenewmachineswillworkfaster,ultimatelyreducingourcost.

Thesnowlastedaweek,ultimatelyresultinginaseriousconfusioninthewholearea.

nutrient:

n.anysubstancethatcanbemetabolizedbyanorganismtogiveenergyandbuildtissue

a.oforprovidingnourishment

IntheSouthernOcean,ironisindeedthelimitingnutrient.在南冰洋海域，铁元素是限制性营养元素。

Inherfirstbooksheexplainedtheroleofvegetablefibers,vitamins,minerals,andotheressentialnutrients.

在她第一本书中，她解释了植物纤维、维生素、矿物质和其他重要营养物质的作用。

Theamountandtypeofcarbohydrateinpetfoodaffectsthenutrientvaluetheanimalactuallygets.宠物食品中碳水化合物的数量和种类会影响动物实际得到的营养价值。

4.Iftheresultisnotsati