外研版高中英语必修四课文文本.docx

外研版高中英语必修四课文文本.docx

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外研版高中英语必修四课文文本

WTDstandardizationoffice【WTD5AB-WTDK08-WTD2C】

外研版高中英语必修四课文文本

Module1Reading

TheCityoftheFuture

Whatwillthecity

ofthefuturelooklike?

Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisabusiness.Butonethingiscertain—theyaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheygetsmaller.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth'snaturalresourcesrunout.Wewilluselotsofrecycledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminium,steel,glass,andpaper,andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.Wewillalsohavetomoreonenergy,suchasandwind.Allthisseemscertain,butthereareplentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.

Tofindoutwhatyoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureoflife,ateacheratauniversityinTexasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheywouldrunacityof50,000peopleintheyear2025.Herearesomeoftheideastheyhad:

GarbageshipsTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,preventingandenvironmentalproblems.

BatmanNetsPolicewillcriminalsinsteadofguns.

ForgetsmokingNosmokingwillbeallowedwithinafuturecity'slimits.Smokingwillbepossibleonlyoutsidecities,and.

ForgetthemallsInthefutureallshoppingwillbedone,andcatalogueswillhavetoplaceorders.

TelephonesforlifeEveryonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwherethey.

RecreationAllformsof,suchascinemas,,,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedbythecity.

CarsAllcarswillbepoweredbyelectricity,energyorwind,anditwillbepossibletochangethecolourofcarsattheofa.

Telesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsown.

HolidaysathomeSeniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.

SpacetravelTravellinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.Eachcitywillhaveitsown.

CulturalCorner

FamousLastWords

Notallpredictionscometrue.Manyofthemarewrong,andsomeareverywrong.Herearejustafewofthebadpredictionspeoplemadeinthetwentiethcenturyaboutthetwenty-firstcentury:

AIRPLANES

"NoflyingmachinewilleverflyfromNewYorktoParis."

1908.

COMPUTERS

"Ithinkthereisaworldmarketformaybefivecomputers."

1943.

CLOTHES

"Thirtyyearsfromnowpeoplewillbewearingclothesmadeofpaperwhichtheywillbeabletothrowawayafterwearingthemtwoorthreetimes."

ChangingTimesMagazine,1957.

MENONTHEMOON

"Withthefirstmooncoloniespredictedforthe1970's,workisnowinprogressonthetypesofbuildingrequiredformentostayinwhenthey'reonthemoon."

ArnoldB.BarachinTheChangestoCome,1962.

THEBEATLES

"Wedon'tliketheirsound,andguitarmusicisonthewayout."

DeccaRecordingCo.rejectingthe,1962.

ROBOTSINTHEHOUSE

"Bytheyear2000,housewiveswillprobablyhavearobotshapedlikeaboxwithonelargeeyeonthetop,severalarmsandhands,andlongpadsonthesideformovingabout."

NewYorkTimes,1966.

KEYS

"Bythemid-1980'snoonewilleverneedtohideakeyundertheagain,becausetherewon'tbeanykeys."

ComputerscientistChristopherEvans,

TheMicroMillennium,1979.

Module2Reading

GettingAroundinBeijing

Taxis

Taxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.Simplyraiseyourhand,andataxiappearsinnotime.Theyareusuallyred,andtheythepriceperkilometreonthewindow.Youshouldcheckthehasabusiness,andmakesureyouaskfora.

Busesandtrolleybuses

PublictransportprovidesacheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.Thereare20,000busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded.It'sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherushhour（6:

30.–8:

00.and5:

00.–6:

30.）.Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.busescostmore.

Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitycentre.Highernumbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.Ifyougetonabus,makesureyousitupstairs.You'llhaveagoodoftherapidlychangingcity.

Mostbusesrunfromabout5:

00.tomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200s.

Minibuses

Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferantoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.Theyandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseateveninrushhours.

Underground

TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesare.Trainsarefastand,butrushhourscanbeterrible.Aone-waytripcosts3yuan.Stationnamesaremarkedinpinyin.Theundergroundisopenfrom5:

00.to11:

00.

Pedicabs

Touristslikethesehuman-pedalled"taxis",buttheycanbeexpensive.Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepriceyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,or.Tricyclesareifyouwanttothealleys（hutong）ofoldBeijing.

CulturalCorner

TheLondonCongestionCharge

Beijingisn'ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.Youcangetstuckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.Theworstproblemsoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasSaoPaoloinBrazilandLagosinNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.LosAngeles,whichwasbuilt,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowtheUSA'smostcongestedcity.

InEuropemostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuiltbeforecars,andcitycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartofdailylifeforalongtime.ThesituationincentralLondon,wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003theMayorofLondon,,introduceda""—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.

Theideaissimple:

everycarcomingintothecentrehastopay￡5aday.Driverscanpaytheatanyof10,000inthecapitalbefore10.Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerasrecordtheirnumbers,andthesearecheckedwithalistofdriverswhohavepaidtheforthatday.Peoplewhodonotpaythewillfaceafineof￡80.

MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.TheyagreethatLondonhasatrafficproblem,buttheisexpensive,andlimitstheirfreedom...

Butdoesthework?

Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003itdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,trafficcomingintocentralLondonwasreducedbyabout30percent,andby15percent.Morepeopleusedpublictransporttogettowork,andbicyclesweresuddenlyverypopular.What'smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.

Butthereareafewpeoplewhothinktheshouldbemuchhigher,forexamplerichbusinessmenwhoworkinthecitycentreandcaneasilyaffordit.ThiswouldkeepevenmorecarsoutofcentralLondon,andtheroadswouldbenearlyempty.However,therearenoplanstoincreasethe.

Module3Reading

GreetingsAroundtheWorld

Ifyousaytheword"",mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wewithjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall"bodylanguage".Weseeexamplesofbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso"learned"bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.

Weuse"learned"bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.Likeotheranimals,weareuntilweknowitissafetorelax.Soeveryculturehasdevelopedawaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenot.,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.Theydothiswiththerighthand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdinga.Sotheissaying,"Itrustyou.Look,I'mnotcarryinga."Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwe.Itmeans,"Weagreeandwetrusteachother."

GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonottouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysthehands.inChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftand.Muslimsgivea"",wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthand.Hindusjointheirhandsandtheirheadsinrespect.Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholda.

Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveverystylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsasaoftrust.Americanyouthsoftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,"Givemefive!

"Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,outwardsandfivefingers.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslapstheother'sopenhandabovetheheadina"highfive".Nowadays,itis.

Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouarea!

CulturalCorner

Clapping

Whydoweclap?

Toshowwelikesomething,ofcourse.Butwedon'tclapattheendofatelevisionprogrammeorabook,howevergoodtheyare.Weclapattheendofa,suchasaplay,oraconcert,tosaythankyoutotheperformers.Firsttheygive,andthenwegive.Withoutus—theaudience—thewouldnotbecomplete.

Thecustomofclappinghasearlybeginnings.InAthens,meantandtakingpart.Playswereoftenincompetitionwitheachother,andprolongedclappinghelpedaplaytowin.Thetheatrewaslarge—itcouldhold14,000people,halftheadultmalepopulationofthecity,whichmeantthattheaudiencecouldmakealotofnoise.

wasasignofbeingpartofthecommunity,andofbetweenactorsandaudience.Theimportantthingwastomakethenoisetogether,toaddone'sownsmalltoothers.Clappingi