英国概况复习资料.docx

英国概况复习资料.docx

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英国概况复习资料

第一单元

英国TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,theUnitedKingdomorU.K.,GreatBritain,Britain.Informally不正式的名称:

England

组成：

England,Scotland,andWales；numeroussmallercoastalislands;andNorthernIreland

位置：

BritainissituatedinWesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverandtheEnglishChannel.IslandsincludingthenorthernpartoftheislandofIrelandbetweentheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.

Landareas:

242,900（km2）240thousandsquirekilometers.（占全球面积的0.67%相当于广东省的面积）

•Thetotalareaisabout244,820squarekilometers.

•ItIsover1,000km.fromsouthtonorthanditisabout500km.fromwesttoeast.

BritishIsles（不列颠群岛）Twolargeislandsseveralsmallonestwostates

Britain：

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

GreatBritain：

England,Wales，Scotland

NationalFlag:

UnionJack（Itcombinesthered-on-whitecrossesofEngland’sStGeorgeandIreland'sStPatrick,withthewhite-on-bluecrossofScotland’sStAndrew）白底红正十字代表英格兰守护神——圣乔治,蓝底白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神——圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神——圣帕特里克。

Britishnationalanthem国歌:

“godsavethequeen”or“Godsavetheking”

Nationalflower：

RoseCapital：

London

Nationalemblem英国国徽：

中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征北爱尔兰。

　　盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。

NicknameofEngland:

JohnBull

Population:

60million（60,209,000），占全球总人口数的0.9%（湖北省的人口数59million0.89%）

1pound=11.09yuanRMB1dollar=6.83yuanRMB

ThereareFiveOfficialLanguagesinUN.:

1Chinese2English3Russian4French5Spanish

1.Countries&territoriesintheworlds:

224

2.Englishspeakingcountries&territories:

171

Terrain（地形、地势）

Mostlyroughhillsandlowmountains.

Leveltorollingplainsineastandsoutheast

Landuse:

1.forest10.4%2.pasture（牧场）45.9%3.agriculture24.8%4.other18.9%

Muchofthelandisusedforhumanhabitation住所.

LondonisCapitalofEnglandandBritain

Scotlandhasanareaof78,760squarekilometers.Edinburgh爱丁堡isthecapitalofScotland.

ThecapitalofWalesisCardiff加的夫、卡迪夫.

BelfastisthecapitalofNorthernIreland.

ClimateandWeather：

InBritaintheweatherisrainy,changeableandunpredictable.Infactithasafavorablemaritimeclimate.Itrarelyrisesabove32℃insummerorfallsbelow–10℃inwinter.Wintersaremild,nottoocoldandsummersarecool,nottoohot.

Population：

ThepopulationintheUKwas60,209,500inthemid-2005.

Therewereabout50millionpeopleinEngland.2,96millioninWales、5millioninScotland、1.7millioninNorthernIreland

TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxoninorigin

ThethreeGermanictribes部落:

theAngles,theSaxonsandJuteswhichinvaded（入侵）BritainformthebasisofmodernEnglishpeople.

ThecharacteristicoftheEnglishare谨慎细心cautious,沉默寡言silent,讲究服从deference,有点保守conservative,and有侵略性aggressive.

TheWelsharethedescendants后代oftheBritonsofthesecondCeltictribes.Waleshasbeencalled“TheLandofSong”.歌唱之国

TheIrishareknownfortheircharmandvivacity[vi`væsiti]活泼aswellasforthebeautyoftheirgirls.

Languages

ThemajorlanguagesspokeninBritainareEnglish,GaelicandWelsh.

Englishistheofficiallanguageofthecountryandisspokenbymostofthepopulation.

OnefourthwelshpeopleinWalesspeakwelshlanguage.

In1535Welshwasforbiddenasanofficiallanguage,butin1965itwasgivenequalitywithEnglishforallofficialuseinWales.

ThisemigrationofqualifiedpeoplefromGreatBritainiscalledthe“braindrain”人才外流

Britainisdividedintohighlandareaandlowlandarea.

Ithaslargemountainranges:

thePennies,TheCumbrianMountainRange,theGrampianMountains,theCambrianMountainRangesuchimportantriversasThamesRiver,theSevenRiverMercyRiver,theHumber,theClydeRiverandtheForth.

MountaininScotland：

TheGrampianMountain格兰扁山脉WhichcoversabouttwothirdofScotlandisthehighestandlargestmountaininBritain.ThePeakisBenNeviswhichis1,343metershigh.

RiversinScotland：

TheClydeRiver（克莱德河）isthemostimportantriverinScotlandandisabout170km.ItflowsthroughthethirdlargestcityofGlasgow.TheForthRiverisflowingthroughtheScottishCapital-Edinburgh.

MountaininWales：

TheCambrianMountainRangecoversmostofWalesandisthesecondhighestmountaininBritain.ItshighestpeakisSnowdonwhichis1085metershigh.TheCambrianMountainRangeisthesecondhighestMountaininBritain.

RiverinWales：

TheSevernRiver（塞文河）risesinnortheastWalesandflowsthroughcentralEnglandtotheBristolChannel.Itis355KilometerslongandistheLongestriverinBritain.

MountainsinEngland：

TheCumbrianMountainRangeisthethirdhighestmountaininBritain.ItliesinnorthwestofEnglandandthepeakofScafellis977metershigh.

TheLakeDistrictisinstitutedintheCumbrianMountainRange.ThisareaisbeautifulandquietandtheLakepoets（湖畔诗人）oncelivedintheLakeDistrict（湖区）.

Pennies（奔宁山脉）

ThePenniesisakindof‘upland”Sincethe19thcentury,ithasbeencalledthe“backboneofEngland”,whichstretchesabout120kilometersfromtheScottishbordertoDerby-shire.ThehighestpointofthePenniesisCrossFellwhichis893metershigh.

RiversinEngland：

ThamesRiveristhemostimportantriverinEngland.ItrisesinCotswoldHillsandemptiesintotheEnglishChannel.Itis338kilometerslongandflowsthroughLondon.

LakesinBritain:

ThelargestLakeinEnglandisWindermere,whichcoversanareaof16squarekilometersandislocatedinLakeDistrict.TheLakeDistrict,whichisascenicspot,issituatedinCumbrianMountainRangeinnorthwestofEngland.

NaturalResources:

Coal:

Britainhassomeofthegreatcoalfieldsoftheworld.Theannualcoalproductionoutputisover120milliontons.

Oil:

Britainistheworld‘sninthlargestproducer.

NaturalGas:

Britainisthefifthlargestgasproducerintheworld.

Britainisrichinwaterresourceswithtoomuchrainandmanyshortandrapidrivers

Rainfall:

Mildandtemperateclimate:

theweatherisrainy,changeableandunpredictable.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,ooom.

Wales----landofcastles

Sports:

FOOTBALL/soccerBritain’spremier最初的clubs（Itsbiggestclub）

Golf-------Scotland’smostfamousgolfcourses

LondonisthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomandItisthelargestcityinEurope.LondonconsistsofthecityofLondonandGreaterLondon.GreaterLondonismadeupof20outerLondonboroughsand12InnerLondonboroughs伦敦自治市。

TheEastEndisthepoorestquarterofLondon.Inthe20thcenturylargenumbersofimmigrantshavesettledthere.

London'slandmark:

BigBen&HousesofParliament

LondonClockTower-------Itis320feethighandis20feetacross.ItiscalledBigBen,afterSirBenjaminHall,whodesigneditin1858.

BigBenisthenicknamefortheGreatBelloftheclockatthenorth-easternendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondonandisoftenextendedtorefertotheclockortheclocktoweraswell.Itisthelargestfour-facedclockandthethird-tallestfree-standingclocktowerintheworld.its150thanniversaryinMay,2009,

TheTowerofLondon------Itwasstartedin1076andcompletedin1097.William,theConquerorfirstbuiltitforthepurposeofprotectingandcontrollingthecity.Nowisoneofthemostpopulartouristsightsandattractsthousandsofvisitorsayear.ItistheoldestbuildingusedbytheBritishgovernment.Butisbestknownasaprisonandexecutionplace.（particularlyforhighstatusandroyalprisoners.）aplaceofexecution死刑（AnneBoleyn，thesecondwifeofHenryVIII，in1536）andtorture拷问,anarmoury兵工厂,atreasury国库,azoo,theRoyalMint,apublicrecordsoffice,anobservatory天文台,andsince1303,thehomeoftheCrownJewelsoftheUnitedKingdom

Majorcities：

1.London（inEngland）:

thelargestandcapitalcityinBritain.

2.Birmingham（inEngland）:

the2ndlargestcityinBritain.iscalledBlackCountry

3.Glasgow（inScotland）:

the3rdlargestcityinBritain.Itiscenteroftheshipbuilding造船业andmanufacturing制造业.

4.Edinburgh（inScotland）:

thecapitalcityinScotland.famousinScottishlegendandliterature

5.Cardiff（inWales）:

thecapitalcityinWales.ThecityisoneofthelargestcoalshippingportsintheworldandacenterofironandsteelindustryinBritain.UK'sgreenestcities

6.Belfast（inNorthernIreland）:

thecapitalcityinNorthernIreland.

AboutafifthofthetotalpopulationoftheUKlivesintheGreaterLondonarea.Twowell-knownareasofLondonaretheWestEndandtheEastEnd.Theformerisknownforitsmanytheatres,cinemasandexpensiveshops.ThelatterisknownasthepoorerresidentialareaofcentralLondon.Londonisalsocosmopolitan（世界性的）.

Majortouristattractions----England:

1.Stonehenge2.York3.Oxford4.Cambridge5.RobinHood6.Stratfordupon-Avon7.Haworth8.LakeDistrict

Scotland:

9.LochNessWales:

10.MountSnowdon

NorthernIreland:

11.theGiant’sCauseway

第二单元

TheIberians伊比利雅人：

Atabout3000B.C.,thedark--hairedshortIberiansfromMediterraneanlands.SaileduptowestcoastofEnglandandaroundScotlandtoScandinavia.TheysettleddownalongthecoastofCornwall,Ireland,Wales,andScotland.

ThreeCelticTribes凯尔特部落：

About750B.C.ThreeCelticTribesFromUpperRhineLandofnorthwestEuropecametosettleontheisland.Theyweretall,withredhairandblueeyes.Thefirsttribecameandtheywerethe“Gaels”,whoselanguageisstillspokeninScotland.About500B.C.ThesecondgroupoftheCeltscalledBritonscame.FromtheBritonscametheEnglishnameforBritain.About100B.C.Thethirdgroup,BelgaecamefromGaul.Inthefighting,theCeltictookcontrolof