大学英语四级模拟真题与解析仔细阅读合集二.docx
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大学英语四级模拟真题与解析仔细阅读合集二
大学英语四级2021年模拟真题与解析:
仔细阅读合集
(一)
Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles(困难).Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoff(挡开)illness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.
Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(转移意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.
1.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause_____.
A.theyareindispensabletopeople’ssocialwell-being
B.theyawakenpeople’sdesiretoexchangeresources
C.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationera
D.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc
【答案】A
2.Researchshowsthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth_____.
A.reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemwhichsupportthem
B.hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothers
C.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroubles
D.iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives
【答案】B
3.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttotheword“cushions”(Line1,Para.2)?
A.Addsupto.
B.Doesawaywith.
C.Lessenstheeffectof.
D.Laysthefoundationfor.
【答案】C
4.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof_____.
A.instrumentalsupport
B.informationalsupport
C.socialcompanionship
D.thestrengtheningofself-respect
【答案】A
5.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialthat_____.
A.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelatives
B.itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakes
C.itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmore‘enjoyable
D.itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroubles
【答案】D
(二)
Onaverage,Americankidsaging3to12spent19hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports;girlsloghallthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.
“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.
Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchoolUnstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaging3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.
Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetime”watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?
1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Para.2),SandraHofferthmeans_____.
A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents
B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents
C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime
D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime
【答案】C
2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis_____.
A.quiteconvincing
B.partiallytrue
C.totallygroundless
D.ratherconfusing
【答案】D
3.Accordin gtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif_____.
A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying
B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway
C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities
D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents
【答案】B
4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids_____.
A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities
B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers
C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV
D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork
【答案】A
5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.
A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence
B.morechildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff
C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful
D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren
【答案】D
(三)
ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalyzetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear,“theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogramthemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogram.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programassemblyfailures”.
Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing—anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programs’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses—12.5comparedwith10.9formen—probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.
Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse—evendangerous.
1.InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects_____.
A.tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings
B.toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom
C.toanalyzetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically
D.tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally
【答案】D
2.ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat_____.
A.certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents
B.manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness
C.mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen
D.absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness
【答案】A
3.“Programassemblyfailures”(Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople_____.
A.oftenfailtoprogramtheirroutinesbeforehand
B.tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry
C.unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings
D.arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired
【答案】C
4.Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat_____.
A.absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday
B.womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods
C.womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness
D.men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations
【答案】A
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____.
A.peopleshouldavoidimportantthings,duringpeakperiodsoflapses
B.hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat
C.peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions
D.lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentration
【答案】D
(四)
AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:
“So,howhaveyoubeen?
”Andtheboywhocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsoldreplied,“Frankly,I’vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.”
Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.
Theevidenceofachangein