1八年级构词法.docx
《1八年级构词法.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《1八年级构词法.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
1八年级构词法
构词法复习一(初二)
————————————————————2014.07—
Dictation
作业1:
使用天天单词超过半小时,复习八BUnit1单词、词组。
Brainstorm
1.________________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________________
构词法讲解
一.练一练,猜一猜:
cold-blooded_________sleep-walk__________middle-aged__________pickpocket_________good-looking_________hard-working________
second-hand_______broken-hearted________forget-me-not________ChineseRose
funnymoney
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有:
合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
1.
合成法:
有两个或更多的词合成一个词。
复合名词
class+room=classroom(名词+名词)
black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)
复合形容词
warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的
good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的
hard+working=hard-working努力工作的
复合动词 over+come=overcome克服(副词+动词)
复合数词fifty+four=fifty-four
复合代词everyone,somebody,anything,nobody
复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)
二.指出下列词汇的词性及意义
1.Mostflowersflowerinspring.
2.Weplantlotsofplantseveryyeartoimprovetheenvironment.
3.Youcanwatertheflowerseverythreedaysbecausetheyalsoneedwater.
4.MyfatherwillbookthenewbookformeontheInternet.
5.Stoprunning,thebusstopishere.
6.Iwalktoschooleveryday,soIdon’twanttogoforawalk.
7.Lookatyourwatch,what’sthetimenow?
YoushouldgotosleepratherthanwatchTV.
2.转化:
是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
(一词多义)
单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.
常见的转化形式:
动词---名词,名词---动词,形容词---动词
①动词-----------名词
watern.水------watervt.浇水
stopv.停止-------n.车站
watchv.观看-----------n.手表
lookv.看 ----havealookn.看
walkv.散步,走---takeawalkn.散步
lovev.爱--- yourloven.爱
②名词-------动词
handn.手---vt.上交
seatn.座位---vt.坐
timen.时间---vt.定时,测时
shown.展示,秀—--vt.表演,秀-
③形容词---------动词
open(adj.开着的)—open(v.开)
clean(adj.清洁的)-----clean(v.打扫)
slow(adj.慢的)---slow(v.放慢)
三.按要求写出对应单词
1.happy:
(反义词)2.agree:
(反义词)
3.understand:
(反义词)4.correct:
(反义词)
5.sing:
(n)6.excite:
(adj)
7.snow:
(adj)8.danger:
(adj)
3.派生:
是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。
①前缀:
一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的变化。
mis-错误的+understandv.理解---misunderstandv.误解
en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.扩大
en+richadj富裕的---enrichv.使充实
②后缀:
一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。
carev.照料---carefuladj.细心的
workv.工作---workern.工人
常见的前缀
表示否定的前缀:
un-,in-,im-,dis-
①un:
usual→unusual,happy→unhappy
②in:
active→inactive
③im:
polite→impolite(用在b,p,m开头的词前)
④dis:
like→dislike
agreeappear
certaincomfortablefair
interestingableimportant
correctdirect
friendlyhealthykind
patientpossibleproper
luckypleasanttidy
例1:
Thetimeistooshort.It’s_________(possible)forDanieltofinishthiswork.
例2:
Mysisteris________(happy)nowbecauseshelosthermoney.
例3:
MrSmithissuchan___manthatwealldislikehim.(honest,dishonest)
例4:
Whenspringcomes,thesnow____(appears,disappears).
【提高】表示错误或失误的前缀:
mis:
understand→misunderstand
directtake
常见的后缀
一、构成名词:
①指人
-er:
teach→teacher,work→worker,
-or:
visit→visitor,act→actor
-ist:
art→artist
writedrivedancefarmpaintplay
reportspeaksingrunwinswim
directinvent
tourscience
例1:
Ishethebestinthedivingteam?
(play,player)
例2:
Myunclemetoplaytheviolineveryevening.(teacher,teaches)
提高:
表女性职业的后缀
-tress:
waitress,actress
②-tion:
act→action,educate→education
③-ness:
ill→illness,happy→happiness(情感类)
④-ing:
feel→feeling
kindsickdarksad
goodbusydiscusscollect
celebratedecideinviteprotect
meanbeginmeetshop
swimpaint
例1:
Thanksforyour(kind).
例2:
Theyhave(feel)of(happy)and(sad).
例3:
Goodnessme!
Your__________(pronounce)isverygood.
例4:
Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.
A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness
提高⑤-ment:
development,movement,disappointment
二、构成形容词:
①-y:
health→healthy,rain→rainy
windcloudsunsnow
fognoisefunluck
sleepshine
例1:
It’saday.Doyoustillwanttoswim?
(rain,rainy)
例2:
What’stheweatherliketoday?
It’s.(wind,windy)
例3:
It’s_______(sun)today.Let’sgoswimming.
②-ly:
friend→friendly,day→daily
weekmonthyearlove
③-ful:
help→helpful
-less:
help→helpless
careusemeaning
hopetastecheer
wondercoloursleep
endbeauty
例1:
Ithinkthedictionaryis__________(help)toyourstudy.
例2:
Shewasso________(care)thatshetookmyumbrellabymistake.
例3:
Thedriverwasvery__________(thank)tothepolicemanforhishelp.
④-ed:
surprise→surprised
-ing:
surprise→surprising
boreexciterelax
interestamazefrighten
move
例2:
It’svery_________togohikingintothemountains.I’m________aboutit.(excite)
例3:
Beijingissuchan________citythatI’m________initverymuch.Therearemany
placesof_____________(interest).
提高:
其它一些形容词后缀
④-ous:
dangerous,humorous
⑤-al:
traditional,international,nature--natural
⑥-able:
enjoyable
例1:
Thankyouforyourletterandyou_______(value)advice.
三、构成副词:
-ly:
careful→carefully,happy→happily,
realbadusualeasy
slowquickquietreal
例1:
Mrs.Smithsmiled________(happy)whenshereceivedapresentfromhersononMother’sDay.
例2:
Thewomanlookedattheyoungman________(angry)anddidn’tsayaword.
例3:
Heputhisothershoeunderhisbedvery________(quiet).
例4:
Itrained________(heavy),sohedidn’tgotoworkyesterday.
例5:
Nowtherewasenoughlight,sothedoctorwasabletosee________(clear).
四、构成数词:
-teen:
thirteen
-ty:
twenty
-th:
twelfth
例1:
Julyisthe________(seven)monthoftheyear.
例2:
YunmanUniversityhasalonghistory.Ithascelebratedits_________(eighty)birthday.
例3:
It’sOctoberthe________(nine).It’smymother’sbirthday.
【提高】
4.首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。
读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
veryimportantperson→要人;大人物
television→电视
DigitalVideo→数字录像
【课堂检测】姓名:
得分:
构词法1 (初二)
一.根据句子意思, 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空, 每空填一词。
TodaywehadanEnglishtest.Wehavea(month)testoneachsubject.Ilookedthroughthequestions(quick).Icould(easy)answerallofthem.
Tome,learningforeignlanguagesis(real)fun.IreadEnglishnewspapersandmagazineseveryday.Ireadvery(slow)atfirst,butIamdoingbetternow.IalsokeepwritinginEnglishaboutmy(day)life.IlearntouseEnglishbetterthisway.(usual)IwatchEnglishvideosatweekends.Ialwayshavea(love)time.
二、选择填空
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness
2.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.
A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad
3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.
A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged
4.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.
A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing
5.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.
A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping
6.Canadaismainlyan________country.
A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken
7.How________heis!
Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;fool
C.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool
8.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.
A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier
9.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.
A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility
10.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas________andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.
A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless
Homework第一课时构词法
一.词性转换。
rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________
nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________
recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________
hope(形容词)_______use(形容词)_________
visit(名词)__________health(形容词)________
eight(序数词)________act(人)___________
America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________
polite(反义)
二、用括号里词适当形式填空
1Congratulations!
(恭喜)Bothofyouarethe________(win)ofthematch.
2Computersandprintersarenow________(wide)usedinmanycompanies.
3Lookatthesun.Italwaysshines_________(bright)inthesky.
478Don’topenyourbooks.Pleasekeepthem_________(close)
5Childrenshouldspeaktooldpeople__________(polite).
6Papercatchesfire________(easy).
7Idon’tliketravellingbyplane.Ithinkit’s__________(safe)totravelbyair.
8HespeaksChineseverywellthoughheisa_____________(Canada).
9Youmaybe_________(worry)ifyouareintroubleandhavenoonetohelpyou.
10Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacher__________(care).
11He’stooold.Buthe_________(real)lovesplays.
12Thislakeis___________(danger)forswimmers.
13Therearealotof__________(travel)onthetrain.
14Thecinemahastwo___________(enter).Whichoneshouldwegointo?
15Geographyisa___________(nature)science.Doyouknow?
16A___________(library)isapersonwhoworksinalibrary.
17Thepolicemancaughtthe_________(rob)atlast.
18Congratulationsoncrossingthechannel____________(success)!
19HowcanIimprovemy_________(speak)English?
20Julyisthe________(seven)monthoftheyear.
21Shanghaiisinthe_________(east)pastofChina.
22Mrs.Smithsmiled________(happy)whenshereceivedapresentfromhersononMother’sDay.
23Go_______(cross)thebridge.You’llfindthelibraryontheleft.
24Rosaeats_______(little)foodthanhesister.
25Mostpeoplelikeeasy