1八年级构词法.docx

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1八年级构词法.docx

1八年级构词法

构词法复习一(初二)

————————————————————2014.07—

Dictation

作业1:

使用天天单词超过半小时,复习八BUnit1单词、词组。

 

 

 

Brainstorm

 

1.________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________

3._________________________________________________________________

4._________________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________________

构词法讲解

 

一.练一练,猜一猜:

cold-blooded_________sleep-walk__________middle-aged__________pickpocket_________good-looking_________hard-working________

second-hand_______broken-hearted________forget-me-not________ChineseRose

funnymoney

英语构词法种类

英语构词法主要有:

合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

1.

合成法:

有两个或更多的词合成一个词。

复合名词 

class+room=classroom(名词+名词)

black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)

复合形容词

warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的

good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的

hard+working=hard-working努力工作的

复合动词 over+come=overcome克服(副词+动词)

复合数词fifty+four=fifty-four

复合代词everyone,somebody,anything,nobody

复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)

二.指出下列词汇的词性及意义

1.Mostflowersflowerinspring.

2.Weplantlotsofplantseveryyeartoimprovetheenvironment.

3.Youcanwatertheflowerseverythreedaysbecausetheyalsoneedwater.

4.MyfatherwillbookthenewbookformeontheInternet.

5.Stoprunning,thebusstopishere.

6.Iwalktoschooleveryday,soIdon’twanttogoforawalk.

7.Lookatyourwatch,what’sthetimenow?

YoushouldgotosleepratherthanwatchTV.

2.转化:

是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。

(一词多义)

单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.

常见的转化形式:

动词---名词,名词---动词,形容词---动词

①动词-----------名词

watern.水------watervt.浇水

stopv.停止-------n.车站

watchv.观看-----------n.手表

lookv.看 ----havealookn.看

walkv.散步,走---takeawalkn.散步

lovev.爱--- yourloven.爱 

②名词-------动词

handn.手---vt.上交

seatn.座位---vt.坐

timen.时间---vt.定时,测时

shown.展示,秀—--vt.表演,秀-

③形容词---------动词

open(adj.开着的)—open(v.开)

clean(adj.清洁的)-----clean(v.打扫)

slow(adj.慢的)---slow(v.放慢) 

三.按要求写出对应单词

1.happy:

(反义词)2.agree:

(反义词)

3.understand:

(反义词)4.correct:

(反义词)

5.sing:

(n)6.excite:

(adj)

7.snow:

(adj)8.danger:

(adj)

3.派生:

是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。

①前缀:

一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的变化。

mis-错误的+understandv.理解---misunderstandv.误解

en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.扩大

en+richadj富裕的---enrichv.使充实

②后缀:

一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。

carev.照料---carefuladj.细心的

workv.工作---workern.工人

常见的前缀

表示否定的前缀:

un-,in-,im-,dis-

①un:

usual→unusual,happy→unhappy

②in:

active→inactive

③im:

polite→impolite(用在b,p,m开头的词前)

④dis:

like→dislike

agreeappear

certaincomfortablefair

interestingableimportant

correctdirect

friendlyhealthykind

patientpossibleproper

luckypleasanttidy

例1:

Thetimeistooshort.It’s_________(possible)forDanieltofinishthiswork.

例2:

Mysisteris________(happy)nowbecauseshelosthermoney.

例3:

MrSmithissuchan___manthatwealldislikehim.(honest,dishonest)

例4:

Whenspringcomes,thesnow____(appears,disappears).

【提高】表示错误或失误的前缀:

mis:

understand→misunderstand

directtake

常见的后缀

一、构成名词:

①指人

-er:

teach→teacher,work→worker,

-or:

visit→visitor,act→actor

-ist:

art→artist

writedrivedancefarmpaintplay

reportspeaksingrunwinswim

directinvent

tourscience

例1:

Ishethebestinthedivingteam?

(play,player)

例2:

Myunclemetoplaytheviolineveryevening.(teacher,teaches)

提高:

表女性职业的后缀

-tress:

waitress,actress

②-tion:

act→action,educate→education

③-ness:

ill→illness,happy→happiness(情感类)

④-ing:

feel→feeling

 

kindsickdarksad

goodbusydiscusscollect

celebratedecideinviteprotect

meanbeginmeetshop

swimpaint

例1:

Thanksforyour(kind).

例2:

Theyhave(feel)of(happy)and(sad).

例3:

Goodnessme!

Your__________(pronounce)isverygood.

例4:

Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.

A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness

提高⑤-ment:

development,movement,disappointment

 

二、构成形容词:

①-y:

health→healthy,rain→rainy

windcloudsunsnow

fognoisefunluck

sleepshine

例1:

It’saday.Doyoustillwanttoswim?

(rain,rainy)

例2:

What’stheweatherliketoday?

It’s.(wind,windy)

例3:

It’s_______(sun)today.Let’sgoswimming.

②-ly:

friend→friendly,day→daily

weekmonthyearlove

③-ful:

help→helpful

-less:

help→helpless

careusemeaning

hopetastecheer

wondercoloursleep

endbeauty

例1:

Ithinkthedictionaryis__________(help)toyourstudy.

例2:

Shewasso________(care)thatshetookmyumbrellabymistake.

例3:

Thedriverwasvery__________(thank)tothepolicemanforhishelp.

④-ed:

surprise→surprised

-ing:

surprise→surprising

boreexciterelax

interestamazefrighten

move

例2:

It’svery_________togohikingintothemountains.I’m________aboutit.(excite)

例3:

Beijingissuchan________citythatI’m________initverymuch.Therearemany

placesof_____________(interest).

提高:

其它一些形容词后缀

④-ous:

dangerous,humorous

⑤-al:

traditional,international,nature--natural

⑥-able:

enjoyable

例1:

Thankyouforyourletterandyou_______(value)advice.

三、构成副词:

-ly:

careful→carefully,happy→happily,

realbadusualeasy

slowquickquietreal

例1:

Mrs.Smithsmiled________(happy)whenshereceivedapresentfromhersononMother’sDay.

例2:

Thewomanlookedattheyoungman________(angry)anddidn’tsayaword.

例3:

Heputhisothershoeunderhisbedvery________(quiet).

例4:

Itrained________(heavy),sohedidn’tgotoworkyesterday.

例5:

Nowtherewasenoughlight,sothedoctorwasabletosee________(clear).

四、构成数词:

-teen:

thirteen

-ty:

twenty

-th:

twelfth

例1:

Julyisthe________(seven)monthoftheyear.

例2:

YunmanUniversityhasalonghistory.Ithascelebratedits_________(eighty)birthday.

例3:

It’sOctoberthe________(nine).It’smymother’sbirthday.

【提高】

4.首尾字母缩略法

首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。

读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。

veryimportantperson→要人;大人物

television→电视

DigitalVideo→数字录像

 

【课堂检测】姓名:

得分:

              

构词法1 (初二)

 

一.根据句子意思, 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空, 每空填一词。

TodaywehadanEnglishtest.Wehavea(month)testoneachsubject.Ilookedthroughthequestions(quick).Icould(easy)answerallofthem.

Tome,learningforeignlanguagesis(real)fun.IreadEnglishnewspapersandmagazineseveryday.Ireadvery(slow)atfirst,butIamdoingbetternow.IalsokeepwritinginEnglishaboutmy(day)life.IlearntouseEnglishbetterthisway.(usual)IwatchEnglishvideosatweekends.Ialwayshavea(love)time.

二、选择填空

1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.

A.care  B.careful  C.careless  D.carelessness

2.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.

A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad

3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.

A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged

4.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.

A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing

5.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.

A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping

6.Canadaismainlyan________country.

A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken

7.How________heis!

Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.

A.foolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;fool

C.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool

8.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.

A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier

9.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.

A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility

10.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas________andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.

A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless

 

Homework第一课时构词法

一.词性转换。

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________

nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________

recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________

hope(形容词)_______use(形容词)_________

visit(名词)__________health(形容词)________

eight(序数词)________act(人)___________

America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________

polite(反义)

二、用括号里词适当形式填空

1Congratulations!

(恭喜)Bothofyouarethe________(win)ofthematch.

2Computersandprintersarenow________(wide)usedinmanycompanies.

3Lookatthesun.Italwaysshines_________(bright)inthesky.

478Don’topenyourbooks.Pleasekeepthem_________(close)

5Childrenshouldspeaktooldpeople__________(polite).

6Papercatchesfire________(easy).

7Idon’tliketravellingbyplane.Ithinkit’s__________(safe)totravelbyair.

8HespeaksChineseverywellthoughheisa_____________(Canada).

9Youmaybe_________(worry)ifyouareintroubleandhavenoonetohelpyou.

10Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacher__________(care).

11He’stooold.Buthe_________(real)lovesplays.

12Thislakeis___________(danger)forswimmers.

13Therearealotof__________(travel)onthetrain.

14Thecinemahastwo___________(enter).Whichoneshouldwegointo?

15Geographyisa___________(nature)science.Doyouknow?

16A___________(library)isapersonwhoworksinalibrary.

17Thepolicemancaughtthe_________(rob)atlast.

18Congratulationsoncrossingthechannel____________(success)!

19HowcanIimprovemy_________(speak)English?

20Julyisthe________(seven)monthoftheyear.

21Shanghaiisinthe_________(east)pastofChina.

22Mrs.Smithsmiled________(happy)whenshereceivedapresentfromhersononMother’sDay.

23Go_______(cross)thebridge.You’llfindthelibraryontheleft.

24Rosaeats_______(little)foodthanhesister.

25Mostpeoplelikeeasy

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