新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1.docx

新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1.docx

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新理念综合教程BOOk4单元测试1

Thesoaringnumberofgender-bendingchemicalsintheenvironmenthasdisturbingfertilityimplicationsforhumansandwildlife,scientistsarewarning.Theysaywildanimalsarebeing"feminised"byahostofcommonman-madepollutantswhichmimicthefemalesexhormoneoestrogenandescapeintoseas,rivers,theearthandairwhenwasteisdisposedof.Thechemicals--foundinfoodpackaging,cleaningproducts,plastics,sewageandpaint--causegenitaldeformities,reducespermcountandeventurnmalesintofemales.Dozensofspecies--includingpolarbears,fish,whalesandotters--aresuffering,accordingtotheenvironmentalgroupChemTrust.Fishhavebeenbadlyhitbyman-madegender-bendingchemicals.Inonestudy,halfthemalefishinBritishlowlandrivershadsignsofbeingfeminised.Butallvertebrates--orcreatureswithbackbones--havesimilarsexhormonereceptorsintheirbodies."Therefore,observationsinonespeciesmayservetohighlightpollutionissuesofconcernforothervertebrates,includinghumans,"thereportsays.

Itsauthor,GywnneLyons,aformergovernmentadviseronchemical-pollution,said:

"someUrgentactionisneededtocontrolgender-bendingchemicalsandmoreresourcesareneededformonitoringwildlife.""Ifwildlifepopulationscrash,itwillbetoolate.Unlessenoughmalescontributetothenextgenerationthereisarealthreattoanimalpopulationsinthelongterm."SomestudieshaveshownthatspermcountsintheWesthavefallenoverthepast30years.Othershaveshownariseinboysbornwithgenitaldeformities.Communitiesheavilypollutedwithhormone-disruptingchemicalsinRussia,CanadaandItalyhaveproducedtwiceasmanygirlsasboys.

PassageTwo

      Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlysincethepasttwodecades.TherapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforestswhicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarthhasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth'secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems（suchaswetlands）,themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasthedisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

      Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth'shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

      However,nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt—timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

26.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheVarietyofSpecies

B.TheRapidDestructionoftheTropicalRainForest

C.Species'AdaptationtoNewEnvironment

D.TheImpactofHumanActivitiesonEarth'sEcosystems

请根据需要填入Script：

正

正确答案：

D

得分：

2分

27.Accordingtothepassage,howdohumansdestroymarineecosystems?

A.Throughshippingalotofgoods.

B.Throughdisposalandrunoffpoisonouswaste.

C.ThroughdestroyingEarth'secosystem.

D.Throughhuntingfish.

请根据需要填入Script：

正确答案：

B

得分：

2分

28.Whatdetermineswhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout?

A.Slowchemicalchanges.

B.Impactofhumanactivities.

C.Chance.

D.Somephysicalevent.

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正

确答案：

C

得分：

2分

29.Whatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation?

A.Climaticorcosmicevent.

B.Chemicalchange.

C.Therateofchangehumansareinflicting.

D.Physicalchange.

请根据需要填入Script：

正确答案：

C

得分：

2分

30.Thenaturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangecausedbyhumansinthatit____.

A.isirreversible

B.affectstheecosystem

C.occursatafasterrate

D.occursatamuchslowerrate

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确答案：

D

得分：

2分

VocabularyandStructure

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Directions:

Eachofthefollowingsentencesisprovidedwithfourchoices.Choose

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueoccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing（把…固定）legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon（放任）.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeennetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

　　Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry’sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind’sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?

Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.

　　Wearebeingasked,and,infact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.

　　Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

　　Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

　　1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause________.

　　A）theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

　　B）theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

　　C）timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

　　D）itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

　　2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis________.

　　A）topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

　　B）toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

　　C）totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

　　D）toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards

　　3.Theword“tunnel-visioned（Line2,Para.4）mostprobablymeans“________”.

　　A）narrow-minded

　　B）blindtothefacts

　　C）short-sighted

　　D）abletoseeonlyoneaspect

　　4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

　　A）Legislationandgovernmentintervention.

　　B）Theindustry’sunderstandingandsupport.

　　C）Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.

　　D）Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.

　　5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

　　A）Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures.

　　B）Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution.

　　C）Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution.

　　D）Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade.

　　参考答案：

　　1.B2.B3.D4.C5.C

1ThewordnatureisderivedfromtheLatinwordnatura,meaning"essentialquality,""origin,""innatedisposition",

2Naturaoriginallyrelatedtotheintrinsiccharacteristicsthatplants,animals,andotherfeaturesoftheworlddevelopoftheirownaccord.[1][2]Theconceptofnatureasawhole,thephysicaluniverse,isoneofseveralexpansionsoftheoriginalnotion;3Withinthevarioususesofthewordtoday,"nature"mayrefertothegeneralrealmofvarioustypesoflivingplantsandanimals,

4andinsomecasestotheprocessesassociatedwithinanimate

5objects–thewaythatparticulartypesofthingsexist