Intercultural Communication and the Differences between West and Chinese Cultures.docx

Intercultural Communication and the Differences between West and Chinese Cultures.docx

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InterculturalCommunicationandtheDifferencesbetweenWestandChineseCultures

InterculturalCommunicationandtheDifferencesbetweenWestandChineseCultures

跨文化交际与中西文化差异

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.跨文化交际的重要性

2.提高跨文化交际能力

2.1了解自己

2.2了解自己国家的文化

2.3了解自己的态度

2.4了解自己的交流类型

3.跨文化交际对中西文化的影响:

中西文化差异的表现

3.1日常交际的差异

3.1.1对待表扬的不同方式

3.1.2打招呼的不同方式

3.2日常行为的差异

3.2.1个人隐私

3.2.2时间观念

3.2.3称呼语

3.2.4风俗习惯

3.2.5餐桌礼仪

3.2.6语言应用

3.3教育方式的差异

3.3.1从小培养小孩的责任感

3.3.2合理地运用鼓励

3.3.3培养孩子独立生活的能力

4.其他方面的差异

4.1个人荣誉感和谦虚

4.2自我中心与无私奉献

5.造成文化冲突现象的原因

5.1思维模式不同

5.2行为规范各不相同

5.3价值取向不同

6.总结

二、内容摘要

中国有着上下五千年的灿烂文化，西方国家也有着自己独特的文化,，随着改革开放和世界一体化的加深，中西方不断接触，不断交流，与之产生的中西方的文化摩擦和碰撞也随之出现，为了解决或尽量避免这些摩擦和冲突，中国学生就要尽量的了解中西文化的差异，提高跨文化交际的能力。

三、参考文献

[1]许果、梅林，文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养[C].重庆大学学报（社科版），2002（6）

[2]顾江禾，东西方文化对比小议[C].太原重型机械学院学报，2001（4）

[4]吴锋针，中西习俗文化“冲突”[C].绥化师专学报，2003

（1）

[5]程晓莉，英语跨文化交际教学的思考[C].安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版），2003（5）

InterculturalCommunicationandtheDifferencesbetween

WestandChineseCultures

Abstract

Chinahasfivethousandyearssplendidculture,sodoesthewest.Nowadays,withthefrequentlycommunicatingbetweenEastandWest,andtheOpenPolicyinChina,moreandmorewesterncomeintoChina,manywesternculturearefoundeverywhereinourlife.Still,therearemanyconflictsbetweentheeasternandwesternculture.Inordertoavoidtheconflicts,ourChinesestudentsshouldlearnmoreaboutthefeaturesofallkindsofcultures.Atthesametime,weshouldalsoimprovetheabilityofinterculturalcommunication.Therefore,inthispaper,wewilldiscusstheidiomsreflectingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturesinvariouslevelswithmanylively,important,andinterestingexamples.

Keywords:

InterculturalCommunication;CulturalDifference;CulturalConflict

0.Introduction

Initsmostgeneralsense,interculturalcommunicationoccurswhenamemberofonescultureproducesamessageforconsumptionbyamemberofanotherculture.Asweallknow,differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures,cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.Frequentlythetermcrossculturalcommunicationisusedwhenreferringtocommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.TherearemanymattersofculturalconflictsininterculturalcommunicationofChinesecultureandwesternculture,anditseriouslyaffectsthecourseofcommunication,soitisnecessaryforustofindthein-depthreasonandmakesomeplansonhowtoimprovetheabilityofinterculturalcommunication.

1.Importanceofinterculturalcommunication

Interculturalcommunicationisofgreatimportanceinourlife,itplayaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentsofcountries,haveencounteredpeopledifferentfromthemselvessincethebeginningoftime,thosesettingsarefrequentlyconfusingandquiteoftenhostile.Inancienttimes,therecognitionofaliendifferenceslackedaccompanyingculturalknowledgeandoftenelicitedthehumantendtorespondbadlytothosedifferences.ThisnotionwasexpressedovertwothousandyearsagobytheGreekPlaywrightAeschyluswhowrote,"Everyone’squicktoblamethealien",thissentimentisstillapowerfulelementintoday’ssocialandpoliticalrhetoric.Forinstance,itiscommonintoday’ssocietytohearthatallofthesocialandeconomicproblemsintheUnitedStatesarecausedbyimmigrants.

2.Improvinginterculturalcommunication

Weneedtoofferafewqualificationsrelatedtotheissuesofhowtobecomeamorecompetentcommunicator.Wheneverwetellanotherindividualhowtothinkoract,weruntherisk,particularlyifheorshelistenstousofmakingmattersworse.Thepersonmayhavebeenbetteroffwithoutouradvice.Forexample,webelievethatmanyofusalreadyknowagreatdealaboutinterculturalcommunicationand,infact,areverygoodpractitionersoftheart.Inthesecases,weruntheriskofspoilingwhatittookyearstodevelop.WhatwearesayingissomewhatanalogoustothefollowingChinesefable.Inthisfable,amonkeyandafishwereverygoodfriends,oneday,however,theywereseparatedbyadreadfulflood.Becausethemonkeycouldclimbtrees,hewasabletoscrambleupalimbandescapetherisingwaters.Asheglancedintotheragingriver,hesawhisfriendthefishswimmingpastwiththebestofintentions;hescopedhispawintothetree.Theresultwasobvious.Fromthismodeststory,wecanseethedifficultchoiceweface,sopleaserememberasweofferadvicethatlikethemonkey,wehavethebestintentions.Ourpropositionsplaceusinthecenteroftheactivity,whetherweareaskingsomeonetolearnmoreaboutaculture’sviewtowardtheelderlyorappealingtopeopletodevelopsomenewskills.Ourapproachisconsistentwithmostdiscussionsofinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.

2.1Knowingourselves

Whatwebringtothecommunicationeventgreatlyinfluencethesuccessorfailureofthatevent.Althoughtheideaofknowingourselvesiscommon,itisneverthelesscrucialtoimprovinginterculturalcommunication.Aswithmanyofthesuggestionsweofferinthissection,itiseasiertostatetheadvicethantopracticeit,wecanwritethewords“knowourselves”withjustafewstrokesonourkeyboard,butitwilltakeagreatdealofeffortforustotranslatethisassignmentintopractice.

2.2Knowingourculture

Thefirststepofintrospectionshouldbeginwithourownculture,regardnessofwhatthatculturemightberemember,weareproductsofourculture-andthatcultureobservationwhentheywrote:

“AnawarenessofAmericanculturealongwithexamplesofcontrastingculturescontributetotheindividual’sunderstandingofanyoneelseasaculturalbeing.

2.3Knowingourattitude

Byexhortingustoexamineothers’attitudesandperceptions,wearenotreferringtoanymysticalnotionsinvolvinganotherreality,norwearesuggestingyouengageinanydeeppsychologicalsoulsearching.Rather,peopleareaskedtoidentifythoseattitudes,prejudices,andopinionsthatallcarryaroundandthatbiasthewaytheworldappearstous,ifwehadacertainattitudetowardgaymen,andamanwhoisagaytalkingtous,ourpre-communicationattitudewillcolorourresponsetowhathesays,knowingourlikes,dislikes,anddegreesofpersonalethnocentrismenablesustoplacethemoutintheopensothatwecandetectthewaysinwhichtheseattitudesinfluencecommunication.

2.4Knowingourcommunicationstyle

Thethirdstepinknowingourselvesissomewhatmoredifficultthansimplyidentifyingourprejudicesandpredispositions,itinvolvesdiscoveringthekindofimageweportraytotherestoftheworld.Askourselves,“HowdoIcommunicateandhowdoothersperceiveme?

”Ifweperceiveourselvesinoneways,andthepeoplewithwhomyouinteractperceiveyouinanotherwayseriousproblemscanarise.WehaveallheardstoriesofhowforeignersviewAmericanatravelingabroad,the“uglyAmerican”examplemightbeoldandtrite,butourexperiencescontinuetoreinforceitstruth.Ifwearetoimproveourcommunication,wemust,therefore,havesomeideaofhowwepresentourselves.If,forinstance,weseeourselvesaspatientandcalm,butweappearrushedandanxious,wewillhaveahardtimeunderstandingwhypeoplerespondtousastheydo.

3.Interculturalcommunicationinfluences：

Thefeaturemodelsofculturaldifferences

3.1Thedifferenceindailycommunication

3.1.1Westerneraredour,easterneraremodest.Sotherearedifferentreactionsforreceivingpraise.IntheWestCountries,peoplecaneasilyreceiptpraise,AstoChineseinfluencedbyConfucianismforalongtime,soformingthecharacterofmodestandcarefulisnecessary,theyalwaysholdaattitudeofself-abasementorno-selfforanypraiseandcelebrationfromothers,otherwiseotherswillthinkyouasaprideone,itisjustOKweonlysayThanksforthewesternerspraise.

3.1.2Whenmeetingfamiliarpeople,thesalutationofthewestandeastaredifferent,ChineseexceptsayingHello,generallywewillask,Haveyourdinner?

Whatareyoudoing?

Andsoon.ButintheEnglish-Americanculturesuchexpressionswouldnotberegardedassalutation,thesalutationthewesternusuallyuseis“Howareyou?

”or“Nicetomeetyou!

”Iftheyaregoingtoleave,itwillbechangedto“Nicemeetingtoyou!

”or“Haveaniceday!

”

3.1.3Ifwearetalkingtowesterners,andwehavetoleave,wecannotstoptheconversationdirectly,whenatthepauseoftheconversation,weshouldbepolitetosay“Nicetalkingtoyou,IamafraidImustbegoingnow.However,Chinesearewiththeirfriends,inordertoshowtheirmodest,theywilltakefriends’opinionasthefirstchoice;theywillletfriendsmakethechoice.Inwesterncountriesthesaying“Idon’tcare”isanirresponsiblewordstothelisteners,andthisisconsideredimpolite.

Inpublicplaces,ifthereisanyoffencebetweeneachother,bothsideswillsay“Sorry”,themeaningis“Itisnotmypurpose,pleasedon’tmakeinmind.”Bydoingthis,itcanavoidtrouble;westernwillnotquarrelwithothersforsomebagatelleinpublic.Whentheyaretalkingwiththeguestswithrangringing,westernerswillsay“Excuseme”tothepartners,thentheylistentothecall,butChineseusuallydoesnothavethehabit.

3.2ThedailybehaviordifferencebetweenChinaandtheWest

3.2.1Invitation

InChina,whenmeetingsomepeoplewhoarefamiliarwitheachother,weusuallysay,’Haveyourdinner?

Whereareyougoing?

Butinfactwedon’tcareaboutiftheyhavehaddinnerorwheretheyaregoing.Theiransweralsoshouldbe‘yes’or‘no,Ihaven’torgoout.BecauseChinesesharethesameculturalfoundation,wewillnotgettothebottomofamatteroraskendless.Butf