高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优 易错 难题篇附详细答案1.docx

高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优 易错 难题篇附详细答案1.docx

《高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优 易错 难题篇附详细答案1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优 易错 难题篇附详细答案1.docx（32页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优易错难题篇附详细答案1

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   "Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography（传记）ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.

   Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?

First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.

   Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sVisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion.Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.

   Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshismind,andamanwhoworkswithhismindshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.

   ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.

（1）Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?

A. TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.

B. Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.

C. Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.

D. Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"otheritems"inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A. goodbiographies                                            

B. storiesofcertaintimes

C. thevolumesofTheLastLion                          

D. thechaptersoftheBritishEmpire

（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A. Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.

B. Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.

C. Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.

D. Theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.

（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?

A. Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.

B. Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.

C. Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.

D. Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。

所以通过第一段的关键词"gobackto，haduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的"Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention."可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。

读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。

第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。

所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。

故判断出第三段划线的"otheritems"指的是某个时期的故事。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife"以及第三段"Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld."可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。

的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。

所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。

故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating."；第三段中的"Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative."；第四段中的"Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing."以及最后段"ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber."可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。

我发现好的传记信息丰富。

我发现好的传记让人放松。

这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。

不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。

可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.

   Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.

   Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.

   ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.

   Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks（条痕）onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.

   Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.

   Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.

（1）AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeld,thereseemstobe             onMars.

A. saltywater                  B. standingwater                  C. rocketfuel                  D. humanbeings

（2）Scientistsareuncertainaboutthe              ofthewateronMars.

A.state

B.source

C.temperature

D.taste

（3）WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?

A.Thedistancefromthesun

B.Thefavorableclimate

C.Thegravityoftheearth

D.Thesaltinit

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMars

B.AstronautswillLandonMars

C.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgram

D.ABreakthroughintheExplorationofMars

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了火星上有水的迹象，进而推断火星上可能有生命，但是水的来源仍旧是一个迷。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，火星上好像有盐水。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.”水的来源是个迷，可知，科学家还不确定水的来源。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第六段“Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.”即使在夏天火星也极其寒冷，在温度达到零下10华氏度的地方水纹还存在。

但是盐可以降低水的结冰点并融化冰。

可知，水里的盐决定了火星上液体水的存在。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，“在火星看到了溪水”适合做本文最佳标题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Imagineaschoolwhereself-awarenessiscelebrated,studentsareencouragedtosolvemathsproblemsbywritingonthewallsandapplyinglearnedlessonstoreallifeismoreimportantthanhomework.TheseareafewoftheconceptsthatmakesSpaceofMindSchoolunique.

   Locatedinahomebuiltin1896inFlorida,US,theprogramservesstudentsingrades2through12andwillacceptkindergartenstudentsnextyear.Italsooffersanafter-schoolprogramforstudentswhoattendtraditionalschools,aswellaseveningprogramsforadultsandeducatorsandweekendeventsforfamilies.

   Thereisadifferentatmospherefromthatofatraditionalschoolbuilding.Tablesandbrightlycoloredwallsarewhiteboards.Inthescienceroom,studentsarestudyingclimatechangesataweatherstation,whileinthemusicroom,astudentissolvinganequation（等式）withhisacademiccoachwhileheconnectsmusictheoryandmaths.

   Thedailyscheduleattheschoolalsostandsout."Wedon'tassignboringorexhaustinghomework."saidSpaceofMindfounderandCEOAliKaufman."Insteadofhomework,weaskthattheygohomeandtakeavideoofthemselvesapplyingalessontheylearnedorcookingamealfortheirfamilythattheylearnedhowtomakeatschool."

   Forlunch,insteadoftraditionalcafeteriadishessuchaspizza,theschooloffersorganicmealsmadeoutofproductsfromlocalgardensandfarm