最新中考初中语法之方位介词用法.docx
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最新中考初中语法之方位介词用法
中考初中语法之方位介词用法
介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。
at,in,on,to
at
（1）表示在小地方;
（2）表示“在……附近，旁边”
in
（1）表示在大地方;
（2）表示“在…范围之内”。
on表示毗邻，接壤
to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤
及时练
1.Hearrived_____thestationatten.
2.Heissitting______thedesk.
3.Hearrived_____Shanghaiyesterday.
4.Jiangsulies________theeastofChina.
5.Russialive______thenorthofChina.
6.Fujianis________thesouthofJiangsuProvince.
2）above,over,on在……上
above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对;
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
1.Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.
2.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
3.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.
3）below,under在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
Thereisacatunderthetable.
Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.
方位介词
1.at表示"在......处"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。
如：
Heisn'tatschool.Heisathome.他不在学校，他在家。
2.in表示"在......内部;在......里面"的意思。
如：
Whatisinthebox?
盒子里有什么?
3.on表示"在某物的上面"，但两者互相接触。
如：
Mybooksareonthattable.我的书在那张桌子上。
onthewall在墙上
4.under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。
如：
Mycatisundermychair.我的猫在我的椅子下。
5.behind表示"在某物体的后面"。
如：
Thebroomisbehindthedoor.笤帚在门后。
6.infrontof表示"在......的前面"，正好与behind相反。
如：
Therearesomebigtreesinfrontofourclassroom.我们教室前面有几棵大树。
7.near表示"在某物体的附近"，意为"接近、靠近"。
如：
Theballisnearthedoor.球在门旁边。
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
Oncetherewasasmallhotelwhosekeeperwasalwayscaringaboutmoney.
Oneday,abusinessmanarrived.Thekeeperlookedattheman'sthickwalletandthought,"Oh,Iwishthatallthemoneycouldbemine!
"Thebusinessmandidn'tnoticethat,soheorderedthemostexpensiveroomandwenttohisroomtodressfordinner.
Aroundthehotel,thereweresomebeautifulginger（姜）plants.Manypeoplesaidthateatingthebuds（芽）ofgingerwouldmakeapersonforgetful.
Thekeeperthought,"IfIservesomebudsofgingertothebusinessman,hemaybeforgetfultotakehiswallet!
"Thenshewenttothekitchen.
Soon,businessmancamedownstairsandaskedfordinner.Thekeeperwasveryexcitedassheservedthedishtohim."Delicious!
"saidtherichman.Whendinnerwasfinished,hewenttobedhappily.
Inthenextmorning,thekeepersawthebusinessmanleavingfromthefrontdoor.Assoonashewasoutofsight,sheranuptohisroom.Shelookedallovertheroomforthewallet,butshecouldn'tfindit.Suddenly,shenoticedapieceofpaperonthefloor.Itwasthebusinessman'sbill（账单）.Hehadforgottentopayit!
Sherandownthestairs,outofthefrontdoor,andacrosstheroaduntilshewasoutofbreath,butthebusinessmanwasalreadyfar,faraway."I'msosilly!
”"criedthekeeper.
（1）Thekeepercameupwithanideatoownthebusinessman'smoneywhen__________.
A. shedressedherself
B. shecookedthemealinthekitchen
C. thebusinessmanwentupstairshappily
D. shethoughtofthebudsofgingeraroundherhotel
（2）Thekeeperranintothebusinessman'sroomassoonasheleftbecause__________.
A. shewantedtofindtheman'sbill
B. shewantedtofindthekeytotheman'sroom
C. shewantedtocheckifthemanhadlefthismoneythere
D. shewantedtoseeifthemanhadbrokenanythingintheroom
（3）WhichifthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?
A. Thekeeperrealizedthebudsofgingerdidn'tworkintheend.
B. Thekeeperranafterthebusinessmanbecauseofthebill.
C. Thebusinessmandidn'tknowtherumor（谣言）aboutthebudsofginger.
D. Thebusinessmandidn'tpaythekeeper'sbillbecausehelosthismoney.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
一个贪财的旅店老板整天惦记着钱，一天一个商人来住店了，他认为商人有很多钱，于是就动了心思，他记着有些人说吃了姜芽可以让人失去记忆，于是他就给商人吃了姜芽，第二天当商人出门之后，他去了房间找钱，但是啥也没有，只发现了一个账单，那是住店的账单，这是他想起来了，商人还没有结账就走了。
（1）细节理解题，根据 Aroundthehotel,thereweresomebeautifulginger（姜）plants.Manypeoplesaidthateatingthebuds（芽）ofgingerwouldmakeapersonforgetful. 可知，当他想起了旅店周围的姜的时候，想起了一个把商人的钱占为己有的方法，故答案是D。
（2）细节理解题，根据Assoonashewasoutofsight,sheranuptohisroom.Shelookedallovertheroomforthewallet,butshecouldn'tfindit. 可知，他去房间是为了找商人的钱，故答案是C。
（3）正误判断题，根据Hehadforgottentopayit!
可知没因为商人丧失了记忆力，忘记了结账，故答案是D。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文主要涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题。
细节理解题相对简单，一般可以直接从文中找到答案或者解题依据。
正误判断题是细节理解的一种题型，也是根据文章内容进行判断的。
2．阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。
D
Intoday'sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Someofthemevenlosetheirlivesforit.Moneydoeshaveitsmostusefuleffect（影响）onthepoor,butonceapersonhasarichlife,alotmoremoneydoesn'tmeanmorehappiness.
Ifmoneywaseverything,allmillionaireswouldhavetruelove,truefriendship,goodhealthandalonglife.However,thisisnotalwaystrue.
Nothingelseismorepleasantthanthethreewordswhichare"Iloveyou".Butcanlovebebought?
I'mafraidnot.Lovemeanstogive,nottotake.Toeveryperson,healthandlonglifeareprobablythemostprecious（宝贵的）things.Well,canhealthandalonglifebeboughtwithmoney?
Theansweris"No".
Ofallthelongestlivingpeopleintheworld,fewofthemaremillionaires.Truefriendshipcan'tbeboughteither.Inaword,wheremoneyisworshiped（崇拜）,moneycancausebrotherstoquarrel,loverstohate,strangerstofightandsoon.Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyouhave,itisstillnotenoughtomakeyouahappypersonifyouhavenoonetolaughwith,noonetocryfor.
（1）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisright?
A. Moneyiseverything.
B. Moneyisn'tnecessary.
C. Moneyisimportant,butnotthemostimportant.
D. Withnomoney,withnosuccess.
（2）What'sthemostimportantthingforeverypersonaccordingtothewriter?
A. Onlymoney.
B. Healthandalonglife.
C. Onlyfriendship.
D. A,BandC
（3）WhichsentenceofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A. Ifyouhaven'tmuchmoney,youcan'tgetmorehappiness.
B. Youmaylivealonglifeevenifyouarepoor.
C. Everyyearmanypeopledieintheworldbecausetheirfamilyispoor.
D. Ifyouarerich,youwillhavelessfriendship.
（4）Infact,manymillionaires_________.
A. havetruefriendship B. dieearlier C. havegoodhealth D. havetruelove
（5）Whatdoesthesentence"Lovemeanstogive,nottotake."mean?
A. 爱意味着给你，而不能带走。
B. 爱是可以得到的，不要走开。
C. 爱意味着奉献，而不是索取。
D. 爱是可以索取的，而不必付出
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了金钱到底对于我们来说意义是什么，寿命了捡钱纵然很重要但不是最重要的，我们最重要得是健康长寿，快乐和心中的唉=爱，最后提出爱是奉献是的快乐，而不是易位的收获所取。
提醒人们正确的开袋金钱，
（1）根据“Moneydoeshaveitsmostusefuleffect（影响）onthepoor,butonceapersonhasarichlife,可知钱很有用但是钱不是最重要的。
故选C
（2）根据“ Ifmoneywaseverything,allmillionaireswouldhavetruelove,truefriendship,goodhealthandalonglife.”可知健康和长寿才是最重要的。
故选B
（3）根据“Well,canhealthandalonglifebeboughtwithmoney?
Theansweris"No".可知及时好穷也可以获得很长时间。
故选B
（4）根据“Ofallthelongestlivingpeopleintheworld,fewofthemaremillionaires.”实施上很多百万富翁死的更早。
故选B
（5）根据“Truefriendshipcan'tbeboughteither.Inaword,wheremoneyisworshiped（崇拜）,moneycancausebrotherstoquarrel,loverstohate,strangerstofightandsoon.”可知爱是奉献而不是所取故选C
【点评】议论文重点在于读懂文章说明的中心思想，明确作者的主张观点，
3．阅读理解
Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?
Asyoulearnedmoreandmore.Itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept（概念）.Youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.
Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea.Thereisnothingwrongwithlearningalot,butwhenyouletlearninggetinthewayofdoing,youwillnevergetgoing.
Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresultsthatyougetfromthoseactions.Don'tbeafraidofnotbeingperfectandjusttakethefirststep.Youwillgofurtherthanthosewhoarestillinpreparation.It'sgoodtobeprepared,butover-preparationintryingtoreachagoalwon'tgetyouresults.Theknowledgeandskillsthatyouwillneedwillbepickedupalongtheway.
Ifababywantstolearnhowtowalk,itdoesn'tdoitbyjustsittingthereandthinkingabouthowtowalk.Thebestwayforababytowalkistoactuallygetupandstartwalking.Sureitmayfall,butwitheveryfall,itlearnswhatisworkingandwhatisnotandadjusts（调整）toit.Bydoingthisoverandover,itwillfinallylearntowalk.Thisisthemethodyoushouldusewhenyouwanttoachieveyourgoalsaswell.Itworks.
Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.
（1）Whenyoulearnedsomethingnew,youfoundtherewas toknowaboutit.
A. less B. nothing C. everything D. more
（2）WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A. Peopleneedtolearnalotbeforetryinganewidea.
B. Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeaction.
C. Learninghasnothingtodowithdoing.
D. Over-preparationisnotgoodforreachingagoal.
（3）Ababyshould whenitwantstolearnhowtowalk.
A. getupandstartwalking
B. sitthereandthinkabouthowtowalk
C. learnfromitsparents
D. readbooksabouthowtowalk
（4）Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein .
A. astorybook
B. anewspaper
C. anadvertisement
D. aguidebook
（5）Thepurposeofthepassageis .
A. totellushowtolearnmore
B. totellushowtobesuccessful
C. totalkabouttheimportanceofdoi
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