英国文学选读课后答案.docx

英国文学选读课后答案.docx

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英国文学选读课后答案

选读英国文学

OfStudiesP18

1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.Whatlessonscanwe

learnfromBacon'sinouraccesstoinformation?

Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceand

technologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffective

informationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwe

canappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternal

masterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.

2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?

Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,

subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.

Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthe

samemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbe

wiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfrom

histories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautiful

classicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthan

thesewhohaven'tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakes

peoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andforma

pragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthings

fromallaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon'tread.

Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,

andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewho

don'tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Readingmoralmakespeoplelearntheway

ofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleofethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooks

onvalues.Peoplewhoreadmoralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrect

principlesandcan'tdealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemaster

therulesofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.

Peoplewhoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesof

objectivetruththanthesewhodon'tactaccordingtorules.

Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.People

shouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomea

comprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone'sphysicalhealthaccordingtosome

readingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What'smoreimportant,readingpromotesthe

developmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalledafullmanoncondition

thattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationandstrictmorality.Trytoread

extensivelyandbecomeafullman.

Poems:

HamletP8

1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”the

heartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?

Nobodycanpredictwhathewill

dreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknown

worldandyoucan'tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though

“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.

Hamletdidn'tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.

Hecan'tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadof

choosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?

Deathissomysterious

thatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,

heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameideaogruntandsweatunder

awearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover'dcountry,

formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthose

illswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?

”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythe

mythsinanotherworldafterdeath.

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Please

explaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn'tknowhow.He

wantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommit

suicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather'sghost.Heisin

faceofgreatdilemma.Theydon'tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.Suchas

Hamlet,hedoesn'tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.So

Hamletwashesitated.

Sonnet18P13

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

（Page

14）

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,ShallIcomparethee

toasummer'sday?

Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.

Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,the

weatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.

Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisons

betweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhat

mainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:

sheismorelovelyand

moretemperate.（Line2）Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby

oughwinds

（line3）whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline

4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortby

saying,Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate.Inthesummerdays,thesun,he

eyeofheaven（line5）,oftenshinesoohot,ortoodim,hisgoldcomplexion

dimmed（line6）aseveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines.（Line7）Thefinalportion

ofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Her

beautywillbeonethatlastsforever,Thyeternalsummershallnotfade.（Line9）,and

neverendordie.

Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthis

everlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthis

poem,whichwilllastforever.Itwillliveaslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee.

（Line13）thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthe

belovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwith

theextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthe

.poemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer

Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheisto

liveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfar

astosaythat,Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgives

lifetothee.”（line13、14）thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer

andimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:

“ShallIcomparetheetoa

summer'sday?

”Thenhegivesananswer:

“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”

Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer'slease

hathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,

andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoet

thinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfrom

fairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Compared

withimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfair

thouow'st,norshalldeathbragthouwand'restinhisshade,whenineternallinesto

timesthougrow'st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:

“Solongasmencan

breatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,the

poetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautiful

lines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecan

beautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeauty

everlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalin

thewonderfulpoem.

TheTigerP50

1.WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?

DoyouthinkboththeLambandthe

Tigercanilluminateeachother?

TheTygeriscorrespondingtoTheLamb.Boththepoemsshowthepoet'sexploration,

understandingandplaintofthemysteriouscreation.Inthispoem,theauthorimplies

thattheTigeriscreatedbyGodaswellastheLamb.SoeithertheTigerortheLambis

essentialtoGod.

IthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother.AlthoughtheLambcan

representthekind“innocentsociety”,itwillbelackofenoughmotivationtomake

progress.WhiletheTigerwillcausesocialmisery,unrestorevendisruption,butitcan

makepeoplereleasetheircreativity.SothepoetbelievesthattheTigeristhesymbolof

strengthandcourage.Andhealsopraisesitspassion,desireandalltheloftybeauty.

2.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetiger?

Whatideadoesthepoetwantto

express?

ThesymboloftheTygerisoneofthetwocentralmysteriesofthepoem（theother

beingtheTyger'screator）.Itisunclearwhatitexactlysymbolizes,butscholarshave

hypothesizedthattheTygercouldbeinspiration,thedivine,artisticcreation,history,

thesublime（thebig,mysterious,powerfulandsometimesscary.Readmoreonthisin

theThemesandQuotessection）,orvisionitself.Really,thelistisalmostinfinit