智能物流与区块链技术外文翻译中英文.docx

智能物流与区块链技术外文翻译中英文.docx

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智能物流与区块链技术外文翻译中英文

智能物流与区块链技术外文翻译中英文本文档由凝脂烟霞独家提供

英文

Smartlogistics:

StudyoftheapplicationofblockchaintechnologyYassineIssaoui，AzeddineKhiat，

AyoubBahnasse，HassanOuajji

Abstract

Nowadays,integratingnewtechnologiesintoallmanagementprocessesleadstostrongevolutionespeciallyinSmartLogisticswhichformsoneofthefundamentalpillarofthefourthindustrialrevolution‘industry4.0’.Asanintegratedtechnology,Blockchain,whichisanemergingconcept,allowsdecentralizedandimmutablestorageofverifieddata.ThepurposeofthisstudyistodefinethevariousapplicationsofBlockchaininSmartLogistics,aswellastopresentconcreteexamplesoftheseapplications.Thisworkwasdonebyclassifyingtheapplicationsaccordingtofourclusters:

Information,Transport,Finance,andManagement,inadditiontopresentingtheapplicationsofeachcluster.

Keywords：

SmartLogistics，Blockchain，SmartSupplyChain

Management，IoT

1.Introduction

Smartlogisticsremainsafairlycomplexconcept.Itcanbeusedingeographicallydispersedareas,fortheacqui-sitionofrawmaterialsofthe

highestquality,aswellasthelowestcost,orthemarketingofproductstoreachalargenumberofconsumers.Theindustry4.0paradigmischaracterizedbytheuseofnewtechnologiessuchasIoT,5G,sensors,RFIDcards,smartproducts,actuators,andintelligentmachines.Consequently,alargeamountofdatawillbegeneratedandnewchallengeswillemerge.Thishighlightstheissuesofconfidence,lackofinteroperability,aswellasmanysecurityanddatareliabilityissuesthatformmajorchallengestofacetheimplementationofsuchinfrastructuresproblems,also,fraud,theft,lossofdata,thediversityofmarketingpolicies,themultitudeofexpensesoffinancialtransactionsandgoods.Although,thetransparencyofthesupplychain,itremainsoneofthemostimportantanddiculttoreachareasforlogisticsandsupplychainmanagement.Therefore,asimple,secure,fastsharingofinformationorproducts,andfundswastheneedofalmostallcompaniesoperatinginthisfield.

BlockchaintechnologyfirstgainedpopularityasamanagementplatformforBitcoin,whichisadigitalcryptocur-rency.Inadditiontothedigitalcurrency,blockchainisanewparadigmofcomputerscienceanddataflows.Forthat,ithasbroadimplicationsforthefuturedevelopmentofsupplychainmanagementandlogistics.Blockchaintechnol-ogycanensuredatasecurity,reliability,traceability,andauthenticity,whichwillincreasetrustbetweensupplychainactorsandendconsumer,by

providingreliableinformationaboutthesharedproductsthroughapublicBlockchain.

ThemainpurposeofthispaperistoexaminethescopeofBlockchaintechnologyinthefieldofsmartlogistics.Forthis,wesegmentedourstudyintofoursets.Firstly,Information;whichconsistsofpresentingtheapplicationofBlockchainforthedatacollection,andthefollow-upofthetraceability.Secondly,thetransportfieldwhichfocusesonlast-milelogistics.Thirdly,theapplicationofBlockchaintothefinancialfield,whichisthesectorofitsfirstap-pearance.Andfinally,themanagement,andthepresentationoftheimprovementsbroughtbyBlockchaintechnologytotheprocessofsmartlogistics.

Thispaperisorganizedaccordingtothefollowingsections:

Section

2detailstheliteraturereview.Section3focusesonBlockchaintechnologyapplicationsinthefieldofsmartlogistics.Section4focusesonthediscussionoftheresultsobtained.And,section5isdevotedtotheconclusion.

2.Literaturereview

2.1.SmartSupplychainmanagement

Thesupplychainincludesseveralnecessarysteps,andreferstoasetofprocessesinvolvedinsourcing,processing,anddistributingproductsandservices.Accordingly,supplychainmanagementmakesitpossibletohavetherightitem,intherightamount,attherighttime,intheright

place,withtherightprice,takingintoconsiderationtherightconditionsfortherightcustomer.

Duetodierentreasonssuchascomplexity,uncertainty,andotherfactors,mostsupplychainsareknownfortheirnumeroussupply/demandmismatchproblems,suchasexcessinventories,stockoutsanddeliverydelays,whichhavelongbeenpopularresearchtopicsinthebusinessmanagementliterature.Inaddition,thebusinessclimatehasbecomemorecompetitive,customerdemandsarealsomorespecific.Thesecomplexitiesandproblemsleadcompaniestolookforsolutionsinordertoimprovetheirworkprocessesaswellastheadoptedimplementationmethods.

Toeectivelyfacethegrowingchallenges,supplychainsneedtobecomemuchsmarter.Tothisend,companiesneedtoimprovetheirprocessesbyintegratingnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologies.Inthiscontext,thenewindustrialrevolutioncalled’industry4.0’inthedaylight.ThisrevolutiontakesfulladvantageoftheimprovementsmadeintheIT,electronics,telecommunication,andmechanicalfields.Thisindustrialrevolutionhasallowedtheemergenceofnewparadigmssuchassmartsupplychains,smartproducts,smartfactories,andmanyotherconcepts.

Smartsupplychainsarecharacterizedmainlybytheinterconnectionofinternalobjects,withstakeholders,aswellasoptimaldecisionmaking

byintelligentsystems,andprocessintegration.Thus,thistransformationwillprincipallyenablechannelmanagers,loadoptimization,speedandeciencyofprocessesandoperations,customersatisfaction,andincreasedprofitability.

2.2.Smartlogistics

Logisticsenablesthemanagementofthecompany’sphysicalflowsbyincludingasetofactivities,suchasdemandforecasting,salesplanning,supplyrequirements,inventorymanagement,andproductdistribution.Forlogistics,tech-nologicaldevelopmentandtheappearanceofthefourthindustrialrevolutioncontributedtothegenerationofseveralchallenges.Thesecanacceleratetheintegrationoftechnologyintoalllogisticsprocesses.Thishasledtotheemer-genceofanewconceptcalled’smartlogistics’or’logistics4.0’.AccordingtoMcFarlane,smartlogisticsisaboutplanningandcontrollingwithsmarttoolsandmethods.heconfirmedthatthedegreeofintelligencedependsontheapplicationsandthemethodsusedsincethetraceabilityoftheproductsandtheidentificationoftheelementsofitsenvironment,untilthedetectionoftheproblem,thechoiceandtheautomaticexecutionofthesolution.Ontheotherhand,Uckelmann,wasbasedontheconceptofsmartproductandsmartservicetodefinethesmartlogisticsliketheuseofthetechnologytoobtaininformationontheflowofmaterial,thenonthetreatmenttomonitoring,control,andotherpurposes.Withintelligentassettracking

toolsandequipment,allsupplychainsarebecomingmoreecientandeectivebynotingdierentchanges:

Significantend-to-endvisibility,Improvementofproductrouting,Controlandreplenishmentofinventoriesandmobileassets,andDetailedmanagementofmarketingexperience.

Inordertoprovidecompanieswithclearvisibilityintoproductinformation,whenacquiring,stocking,producing,andshipping,therealizationofthementionedchangesrequirestheuseofassettrackingtoolssupportedprimarilybysensorsthatprovideinformationinnearreal-time.

2.3.Blockchain

Beinganemergingtechnology,theBlockchainaimsatstoringandtransmittingdatainasecure,moretransparent,anddecentralizedway.Itisconsideredadistributeddatabase,orpublic/privatesharedledgerofalldigitalevents,thathasbeenrunandsharedamongagentsparticipatingintheblockchain.Technically,Blockchainisadistributedsystem,containingallthetransactionsdonesinceitsstart,intheformofblocks.Theseareconstitutedbythein-formationsentbytheusers.Thesedatatransactionsaresecuredbycryptographicalgorithms.Blockchainscanbegeneralizedandusedtoimplementasetofagreedrulesthatnoone,neitherusersnorsystemoperators,canbreak.Theyrelyonasingleplatformofsystemarchitectureformulti-partapplicationsrequiringlittle

mutualtrust.Blockchaintechnologyischaracterizedbythedecentralizationofdatabyprovidingahigherlevelofdatasecurity.Confidenceisoneofthemainconsequencesofthisdecentralizationgiventhenon-necessitytoevaluatethereliabilityoftheintermediaryortheothernetworkparticipants,sothedataareeasilyexploitableandverifiable.Further-more,addinganewtransactioninvolvesmoreinteractionswithothernodesinthechain.AsillustratedinFig1,theinsertionoperationofanewblockischaracterizedbythenon-localizationofthenodes,thesuitabilityoftheoperation,andthesecurityoftherecords.Thestepsforinsertinganewblockare:

1.Sendanewtransaction,2.Sendtheblock,correspondingtoanewtransaction,toallthenodesofthechain,3.Mostnodesapprovethenewtransaction,4.Addthenewblocktothechain,5.Saveanewcopyofthebookcontainingalltheblocksonanetworkofnodes.

Fig.1.StepstoCreateaNewBlockchainTransaction.

3.BlockchainapplicationsinsmartLogistics

SmartlogisticsistypicallydefinedbytheuseofnewtechnologiessuchasIoT,AI,andCloudcomputing.More-over,itallowsatransferof

autonomy,intelligence,andautonomousdecision-makingmachines.Thetechnologicalrevolutionandthemultitudeofdatacollectioncomponentshavehighlightedtheissueofthelevelofdatasecurity,andthereliabilityofcommunications.Blockchain’sability,reliability,traceability,andauthenticityofinformation,aswellasintelligentcontractualrelationshipsforatrustlessenvironment,foreshadowamajoroverhaulofsupplychainsandchainmanagement.supply.Additionally,theBlockchainoersconsiderablepotentialforimprovingthelogisticsprocess,