高一定语从句语法归纳及练习.docx
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高一定语从句语法归纳及练习
高一定语从句语法归纳及练习
一、基本概念
（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：
who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：
when,where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略例如：
（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?
（作主语）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）④Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）注意：
关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况2which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用that。
⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：
①Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。
例如：
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。
例如：
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.
（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。
例如：
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
⑵先行词是those时。
例如：
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。
例如：
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。
例如：
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.3→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：
Haveyouseenthepen（which）Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?
（which作介词with的宾语）→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?
但是，要注意的是：
⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
例如：
①错误：
Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?
正确：
Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?
或Whoistheoldman（that/whom）youweretalkingto?
②错误：
Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：
Thesearethesheep（which/that）theboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：
①Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?
②Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.③Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.④Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.⑤Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
五、that与which,who,whom的用法区别：
（一）、只用that的情况
1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4．先行词既指人又指物时
5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
①.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
②.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
③.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
④.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
⑤.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
⑥.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
（二）、只用which,who,whom的情况
1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
①.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
②.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
③.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
4高一定语从句专项练习
（1）
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwent
C.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitle
C.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichDwhat
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;hatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_____
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