新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程第七单元课后答案图文稿.docx
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新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程第七单元课后答案图文稿
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新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程第七单元课后答案
Textcomprehension
I.B.II.1.T;2.T;3.T;4.F;5.F.
III.
1.Paragraph2.Itisoursociety,whichoveremphasizeswinning,considersfailureasin,andseesprosperityinthepresentasasuresignofsalvationinthefuture.
2.Paragraph4.Becausethestudentsmayhaveacquiredmoreorlessknowledgeoutofthecoursethanthegradeindicates.
3.Paragraph5.Hisattitudeiscritical.Hecomplainstheexclusionofsuchimportantcharacteristicsascourage,kindness,wisdomandgoodhumor.
4.Paragraph8.Itwastomakeacleardistinctionbetweenthestudentasclassroomperformerandthestudentashumanbeing.Soalowgrade,atbest,indicatesanincompetentclassroomperformer,notanincompetenthumanbeing.
5.Paragraph9.Hethinkssociallabels,includinggrades,arebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading,thoughnecessary.Butit’snotself-contradictorybecausesociallabelsarenecessaryaswaysofdistinctionforjobchoice,notasreasonsforattitudetowardothersorourselvesinhumanterms.
IV.
1.Beingunsuccessfulanddisadvantagedisregardedassinfulbecauseinthiswordpeopletendtothinktoday’ssuccesscansaveonefromevilinthefuture.
2.Itisimportanttoseethefactthatalthoughtheydifferintheirclassstatusandeducationalbackground,humanbeingsareessentiallythesame.Biologicallytheyareconstructedinthesameway,andtheysharethecommonfeelingsoffearandjoyandthecommonexperienceofsufferingandachieving.Thiscommonalityhasboundthemtogether.Allofthemwillregardwars,diseases,anddisastersbothprivateandpublicasunfortunatebigeventsintheirlifetime.
Structuralanalysisofthetext
1.Paragraph2—5.Keywords:
Disappointment.Mainidea:
Gradesdonotmeaneverything.
2.Paragraph6—8.Keywords:
Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Mainidea:
GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife.
3.Paragraph9—10.Keywords:
Perspective.Mainidea:
Inacomplexsocietylikeours,labelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective.
SectionFourConsolidationActivities
Partone.VocabularyAnalysis
I.Phrasepractice
1.essence:
innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart?
本质，实质，精髓
e.g.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。
2.deadlysins:
sinsleadingtodamnation.（pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envyandsloth,inChristianity）
3.misleading:
makingyouthinkoractwrongly?
误导，误入歧途
e.g.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship.关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。
Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong.这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。
4.conventionaltask:
tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents?
传统任务
e.g.Thisconventionaltaskissoeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit.这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。
5.inshortsupply:
farfromenough?
供给不足，缺乏
e.g.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。
Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.
由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。
II.
1.define;2.irrelevant;3.correspondto;4.flunked;5.rather;6.makesapointof;7.aptto;8.goround.
III.Wordderivation.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval（remove）ofthetumorinhisbrain.
2.Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic（climate）changesonourplanet.
3.Thiscompanyisintroubleandthelatestplanforitssalvation（salvage）hasfewsupporters.
4.Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency（proficient）inatleasttwolanguages.
5.Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou—it’spureassumption（assume）onherpart.
6.Theageofcollegestudentsnormally（norm）rangesfrom18to22.
7.Thegovernment’sinactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment（resent）amongthepublic.
8.TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous（disaster）onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.
1.removev.消除，除去；脱掉
removablea.可除去的，可移动的
removaln.移动，移居；除去
e.g.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。
OurhomehasremovedfromBeijingtoShanghai.
他脱下帽子表示敬意。
Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.
2.climaten.气候；风气
climatica.气候上的
e.g.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。
Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.
3.salvagev.打捞，抢救
salvageablea.可抢救的，可打捞的
salvationn.得救，拯救；赎罪
e.g.房子里没有什么东西可救的了。
Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.
天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。
Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmer’ssalvation.
4.proficienta.熟练的，精通的
proficiencyn.熟练，精通
e.g.我可以说对唱歌很在行。
I’dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.
5.assumev.假定，设想；承担；认为
assumingconj.假定，假如
assumptionn.假定，设想
e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。
IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办
Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?
6.normn.标准，规范
normala.正常的，正规的
normalityn.常态
normalizev.使正常，使标准化
e.g.过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。
Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.
我们的关系正常了。
Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.
7.resentv.憎恨，生气
resentmentn.怨恨，愤恨
resentfula.不满的
resentfulnessn.怨恨，愤恨
e.g.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
.
Ibitterlyresenttheencroachmentonmytime.
他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。
Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.
8.disastern.灾难
disastrousa.灾难性的
e.g.这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.
国家的经济形势非常糟糕。
Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.
IV.
1.B;2.D;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.D;7.B;8.D.
V.Synonym/Antonym:
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere’sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereoneperson’swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother’slosing…
Synonym:
balanced,compensated
2.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks…
Antonym:
unconventional
3.Buttheyareimportant:
cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.
Antonym:
abundant,plentiful
4.Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued—andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.
Synonym:
evaluated,assessed
5.Therewerealotofusthen:
olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon…
Synonym:
average
6.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy…
Synonym:
essentially,basically
7.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms…
Antonym:
lightly,frivolously
8.Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.
Antonym:
temporarily
VI.Prefix:
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.interfereinternational____2.transcend___translate
3.circumstances____circumference4.neocolonialneoclassical
5.controlconform6.antibioticantisocial
7.unlockundo8.outnumberoutshine
1.Explanation:
inter-:
between
e.g.interaction,interdependent,interconnect
2.Explanation:
trans-:
acrossorbeyond
e.g.transplant,transform,transatlantic
3.Explanation:
circum-:
surrounding
e.g.circumcision,circumlocution,circumspect
4.Explanation:
neo-:
new,inalaterform
e.g.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian
5.Explanation:
con-:
strengthenorreinforce
e.g.convince,constrain,conquer
6.Explanation:
anti-:
opposedto,against
e.g.antiwar,antihero,antidote
7.Explanation:
un-:
inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocess
e.g.unfold,unload,unbend,uncut
8.Explanation:
out-:
greater,better,further,etc.
e.g.outgrow,outlive,outwit
Parttwo.GrammarExercises
1.Disjunct
Adisjunctisatypeofadverbialthatexpressesinformationthatisnotconsideredessentialtothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeaker’sorwriter’sattitudetowards,ordescriptivestatementof,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.
Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally（atthebeginningorendofthesentence）andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma（inwriting）andapause（inspeech）.
e.g.Honestly,Icouldn’tbelieveit.
Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.
I.Practice:
Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.
1.Unfortunately,…
2.ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
Hopefully,…
3.Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
Oddlyenough,…
4.Rightly,…
5.Luckily,…
6.Fortunately,…
7.Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.
Strangelyenough,…
II.
Type1expressesajudgmentonthewholeandmeanwhilethe?
subject,sothreetypesofsentencestructurescanbeused;
Type2expressesnojudgmentonthe?
subject.
1.Itwasrightthat…/Theywererighttohave….
2.Itwasfoolishthat…/Itwasfoolishoftheboynottosay…/Theboywasfoolishnottosay….
3.type1.
4.type2.
5.type2.
6.type2.
7.type2:
Itwasluckythat….
8.type2:
Itishopedthat….
III.Relativewords
Relativewordsareusedtorefertoanounmentionedbeforeandofwhichweareaddingmoreinformation.Theyareusedtojointwoormoresentencesinthewaywecall“relativesentences”.
e.g.Iknowmanyboyswho/thatplayrugby.
Theshirtwhich/thatCarlbought
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