届人教版版高中英语电子课本必修4.docx

届人教版版高中英语电子课本必修4.docx

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届人教版版高中英语电子课本必修4

必修4Unit1ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:

45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfri

ca.FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthem

intheforest.Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelped

peopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.Watchingafamilyofchi

mpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplace

whereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsandwa

itsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Th

enwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeed

orcleaneachotherasawayofshowingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthat

ourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.Ho

wever,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Wewatchthemotherchimpandherb

abiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthe

night.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahumanfamily.

NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservi

ngandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtowork

withanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.Whenshefirs

tarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Only

afterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobe

ginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexampl

e,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untilth

eneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchi

mpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowch

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impscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.

ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestofthe

worldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwild

animalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.

Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.Sheisleadin

gabusylifebutshesays:

"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIremember

thechimpsinlaboratories.It'sterrible.ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthewildchimps.

Isaytomyself,'Aren'ttheylucky?

"AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincages

thoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhaveseenthatyoucanneverforget..."

Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:

workingwithanimalsintheiro

wnenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveinthe

forestasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.

WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?

IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIch

oosetostudyatuniversity?

IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.

BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspeci

alistinwomen'sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.Itseemedthatshehadb

eenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.Itwasasmall

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bookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.

Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefr

omsickness.Whydidshewritethat?

WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?

Ilookedcarefullyatthetextand

realizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatt

hattime.Thatwasagenerationwhengirls'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondt

oboys'.Wasshesomuchclevererthananyoneelse?

Furtherreadingmademer

ealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgo

therintomedicalschool.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessand

considerationsheshowedtoallherpatients.TherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLi

nQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.

BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.IdiscoveredthatLinQiao

zhihaddevotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohaveafamil

yofherown.Insteadshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydeliver

ed.BythistimeIwasveryexcited.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQia

ozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?

Itwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheuniversityentranceexaminations,and….

必修4Unit2APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsider

shimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburnt

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faceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinese

farmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpingg

rowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpion

eerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricema

kesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmor

ethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.

Bornintoapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestA

griculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhi

slifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.

Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecountryside.D

rYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaof

thefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfiftymilliontonsofrice.I

narecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.

Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust

7%ofthefarmlandinChina.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vi

etnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Th

ankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhung

er.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingf

amous.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.Hewouldmuchrath

erkeeptimeforhishobbles.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,

swimmingandreading.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifea

lsomeansverylittletohim.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmon

eyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

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Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDryuanhadadre

amaboutriceplantsastallassorghum.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearof

cornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhis

dreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,

manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:

toexporthisricesothatitcanb

egrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandcaresforhispeople.

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING?

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommon

infarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseasean

dincreaseproduction.Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-ter

museofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.

Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?

First,theydam

agethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.

Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaff

ectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecro

psandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupin

people'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherill

nesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizers

usuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtotu

rntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemical

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s.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreduces

diseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,ofte

npreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesth

esoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theyoft

enchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcor

norwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.Cropssuchaspeasorsoy

beansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchas

wheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstou

sedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfa

cefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdown