二轮专题练七概要写作专项选自最新时材.docx

二轮专题练七概要写作专项选自最新时材.docx

《二轮专题练七概要写作专项选自最新时材.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《二轮专题练七概要写作专项选自最新时材.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

二轮专题练七概要写作专项选自最新时材

【二轮专题练】（七）概要写作专项

A

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Whileittakestime,energyandmoneythatcouldsurelybeputtoamuchmoreproductiveuse,therearemillionsofcollectorsaroundtheworld.Peoplecollectpostcards,chocolatewrappersorwhatevertheylike.Collectingmustbeoneofthemostvariedhumanactivities,andit’sonethatmanypsychologistsfindfascinating.Manyformsofcollectinghavebeendignifiedwithatechnicalname:

anarctophilistcollectsteddybears,aphilatelistcollectspostagestampsandadeltiologistcollectspostcards.

Therearepeoplewhocollectsomethingbecausetheywanttomakemoney,andthiscouldbecalledaninstrumentalreasonforcollecting,thatis,collectingasameanstoanend.Theywilllookfor,say,antiques（古董）thattheycanbuycheaplyandexpecttobeabletosellataprofit.Buttheremaywellbeapsychologicalfactortoo:

buyingcheapandsellingdearcankeepthecollectorasenseofachievement.Andassellingonlineissoeasy,morepeoplearejoiningin.

Ifyouthinkaboutcollectingpostagestamps,anotherpotentialreasonforitisitseducationalvalue.Stampcollectingopensawindowtoothercountriesandtotheplants,animalsorfamouspeopleshownonthestamps.Similarly,inthenineteenthcenturymanycollectorsamassed（积累）animalsandplantsfromaroundtheglobeandtheircollectionsprovideavastamountofinformationaboutthenaturalworld.Withoutthosecollections,ourunderstandingwouldbegreatlyinferiortowhatitis.

Notallcollectorsareinterestedinlearningfromtheirhobby,though,sowhatwemightcallapsychologicalreasonforcollectingistheneedforasenseofcontrolandasenseoffulfillment,perhapsasawayofdealingwithinsecurity.Stampcollectors,forinstance,arrangetheirstampalbums,usuallyveryneatly,organizingtheircollectionsaccordingtocertaincommonplaceprinciples—perhapsbycountryinalphabeticorderorgroupingstampsbywhattheydescribe—people,birds,mapsandsoon.

B

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Whentheearlyimmigrantscametothiscountry,theybroughttheideathatworkwasthewaytoGodandheaven.ThisattitudestillinfluencesAmericatoday.Workisnotonlyimportantforthesalary,butalsoforsocialandpsychologicalworking,beingproductive.FormostAmericans,theyarewhattheydo.Whathappens,then,whenapersonretiresattheageofsixty-fiveorseventy?

It’seasytoimaginethatretirementisnoeasything.Retireesoftenfeeltheyareunproductiveandnolongerneededbyothers.

Oncepeopleretire,theymayalsogetintofinancialtrouble.ManypeoplerelyonSocialSecuritycheckseverymonth.Duringtheirworkingyears,employeescontributeacertainpercentageoftheirsalariestothegovernment.Whenpeopleretire,theyreceivethismoneyasincome.Thesechecksdonotprovideenoughmoneytoliveon,however,becausepricesareincreasingveryrapidly.Afterretirement,theyhavetochangetheirlifestyles.Theyhavetospendcarefullytobesurethattheycanaffordtobuyfood,fuel,andothernecessities.

Ofcourse,notallseniorcitizensfeelsadwhentheyareinfaceofretirement.Workingforsomanyyears,theyeventuallyhavetimetospendwiththeirfamiliesortoenjoytheirhobbiessuchasreading,travelingorjoiningsomeseniorcitizenclubs.Somecontinuetoworkparttime;otherschoosetodovolunteerworklikehelpingyoungpeopletogetstartedinnewbusiness.

Americangovernmentistakingstepstoeasetheproblemsofretiredpeople.Theyarebuildingnewhousing,offeringdiscountsinstoresandmuseumsandonbuses,andprovidingotherservices,suchasfreecourses,foodservice,andhelpwithhousework.Itiswisetodoso.Retiredcitizensareanimportantpartofthepopulationandtheirspecialneedsmustbeconcernedabout.Afterall,everyonewillbeaseniorcitizensomeday.

C

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Inrecentweeks,areportonthevalueofhomeworkhasbeenraisingconcern.Inaword,homeworkforelementaryschoolchildrenisnotbeneficial.TexasteacherBrandyYounghasherownview.Insteadoffillinguptheextrafreetimewithsportsorextracurricularactivities,MrsYoungrequestedthatparentstaketimetobewiththeirchildren.“Iaskthatyouspendyoureveningsdoingthingsthatareproventocorrelatewithstudents’success,suchaseatingdinnerasafamily,readingtogether,playingoutsideandgettingyourchildtobedearly,”shesaid.

ThefactthatMrsYoung’snotehasdrawnpublicattentionsuggestsjusthowunusualandappreciatedheradviceis.Butwhileheradviceisrare,itcorresponds（符合）withoneofthethreeelementsthatmedicaldoctorLeonardSaxbelievesisaforgottenaspectofparenting,enjoyingyourchildren.

Inhisbook,TheCollapseofParenting,Saxnotesthatsomanyparentswhoareoccupiedwithcheckingtheire-mailsandmakingsurethattheirchilddoesn’tmissoutonopportunitiesoftenmissoutonthebiggestopportunityofall:

timetogether.Saxwrites:

“Enjoythetimeyouhavewithyourkids.Thatmeansnodevicesatmealtime.Whenyouaresittingatthetabletogether,thefocusshouldbeoninteraction.Listentoyourchildandtalkwithyourchild.Thosewhofailtodososendanunintendedmessagethatrelaxedtimetogetherasafamilyisthelowestpriorityofall.”

InmodernAmerica,thefamilyunithasfallenintodeeperanddeeperdisorder.Thepubliceducationsystemhassteppedintopickuptheslackbybecomingasubstitute“expertparent”whowillguidechildrentosuccessandafunctionalfuture.Butiftherecentchaosandlowacademicscoresintheschoolscan’tbesolved,suchamethodisn’tworkingthereeither.Ifwewanttoseeimprovedacademicandbehavioralsuccesscomingoutofourschools,arewegoingtoneedmoreteachersandexpertslikeMrsYoungandDrSaxtoencourageandenablefamiliestospendmoretimewithoneanother?

D

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Weknowaboutthepowerofexpectations.Herearefivewaystomaximizetheirpowerinyourclassroom.Thereisastrangebutimportantdifferencebetweenaspiration（抱负）andexpectation.Aspirationsareaboutwantingtobebetter,whileexpectationsconveyabeliefaboutthelikelihoodofsuccess.Raisingexpectationshasbeenproventohelppupils,butthesameeffectcan’tbeachievedbyaspirations.TheEducationEndowmentFoundationreviewedonaspirationsandfoundthatinterventionswhichaimtoraiseaspirationshavelittlepositiveimpactoneducationalachievement.Butifexpectationsaresetattherightlevel,tobebothchallengingandrealistic,theycanhelpstudentstoimprovetheirperformanceandacademicachievement.

Researchsuggeststhattheeffectofexpectationsismostlypronouncedatthestartoftheschoolyearoratthebeginningofnewtasksandtopics.Thisisbecausestudentstendtostartprojectswithanopenmindabouthowtheyshoulddo—andtheyarelookingforguidanceonhowtoachievesuccess.Makesuretheyhearapositivevoice—fullofbeliefandconfidencethattheycansucceed—beforetheirself-doubtstartstocomein.

Psychologistshavecalculatedthatwhenhighexpectationsareonlycomingfromteachers,theywillonlyhelpaminorityofstudents.Parentsalsoplayahugeroleinshapingyoungpeople’sopinionsonseeingthemselves.Arecentreviewonhowparentscanhelptheirchildrensucceedatschoolfoundthathighexpectationshadthegreatestimpact.Valuingeducationandexpectingchildrentosucceedconveytheimportanceandlikelihoodofsuccessinschool.

Awordofcautionisneededwhenitcomestoexpectations.Moreisnotalwaysbetter.Evidencesuggeststhatwhenexpectationsareunrealistic—thatis,iftheyfarexceed（超越）achild’sability—thiscanleadtoadownturninacademicperformance.Furthermore,theseexcessiveexpectationscanbeasourceofstressandanxietyforstudents.Whenitcomestoexpectations,itseemsthatchallengingbutrealisticshouldbetheguidingprinciple.

E

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

ThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.

ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica,whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii,Florida,partsofAustralia,SouthAfricaandJapan.

Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots,entrywaycorners,storageclosetsandgarages.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore,appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.

Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives,butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitewerethatthebitehurtwhenitwasgivenanditleftaredmark.

Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore,mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessoft