职称英语理工B.docx

职称英语理工B.docx

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职称英语理工B

2015职称英语理工B

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.

　　A.excitementB.angerC.CalmD.disappointment

　　2.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation

　　A.copyB.furnishC.publishD.summariza

　　3.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid

　　A.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official

　　4.Heledaverymorallife

　　A.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural

　　5.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent

　　A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy

　　6.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair

　　A.veryusefulB.verylimitedC.quitegoodD.ratherspecial

　　7.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence

　　A.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose

　　8.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning

　　A.painsB.partsC.aspectsD.results

　　9.Itwasamagicnightuntilthespellwasbroken

　　A.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity

　　10.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem

　　A.proveB.discoverC.considerD.imagine

　　11.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed

　　A.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed

　　12.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday

　　A.homeworkB.actC.justiceD.model

　　13.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport

　　A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial

　　14.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years

　　A.stareedB.changedC.movedD.lasted

　　15.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear

　　A.emptyB.sincereC.respectfulD.terrible

　　第2部分：

阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

　　SoMany“Earths”

　　TheMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethat'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA'stopplanet-huntingtelescope.

　　AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.

　　TheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.

　　SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.

　　Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolatetotherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.

　　Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike（althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast）.Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.

　　Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.

　　16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth's.

　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun'shabitablezone.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

　　ClimateChange:

TheLongReach

　　1Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There'smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge（评估）Earth'sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.

　　2Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears—andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.

　　3Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat'sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanet'senvironmentcouldnudge（推动）globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:

Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda“fastfeedback.”.

　　4Zeebesaysit'simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they'relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective."Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,”hetoldScienceNews.“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100.”Forhisnewstudy,Zeebenowfocuseson“slowfeedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife—astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas—aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.

　　5Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius（8.1degreeFahrenheit）changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5°C—fora6°totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatstowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.

　　23.Paragraph2_____

　　24.Paragraph3_____

　　25.Paragraph4_____

　　26.Paragraph5_____

　　A.Impactofburningfossilfuels

　　B.Slowfeedbacks

　　C.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange

　　D.Fastfeedbacks

　　E.Risingofsealevels

　　F.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses

　　27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_____.

　　28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach_____.

　　29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing_____.

　　30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor_____.

A.averylongtime

　　B.recordedhistory

　　C.rapidexaggerationofimpacts

　　D.theextraheat

　　E.theexposedground

　　F.previouslypublishedstudies

　　第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

　　第一篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences

　　Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.

　　Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.

　　SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.

　　Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.

　　HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.

　　Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheB