英语一 真题答案解析.docx

英语一 真题答案解析.docx

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英语一真题答案解析

2010年考研英语一真题原文完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblank.andmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.Instead，thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior

　　Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexperiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.A（n）__8__thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkers'behavior__10__itself

　　Afterseveraldecades，thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord，nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting

　　Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathappened.__15__，lightingwasalwayschangedonaSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__，acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase，before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged“Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown

　　1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

　　2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

　　3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

　　4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

　　5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

　　6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

　　7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

　　8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

　　9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

　　10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

　　11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

　　12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

　　13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

　　14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

　　15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

　　16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

　　17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

　　20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionII ReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

　　Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

　　WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,"Newmanwrote,"thatIamtemptedtodefine'journalism'as'atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.'"

　　Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography（1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

　　IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

　　21. ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

　　[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

　　[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

　　[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

　　[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

　　22. NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

　　[A]freethemes.

　　[B]casualstyle.

　　[C]elaboratelayout.

　　[D]radicalviewpoints.

　　23. WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

　　[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

　　[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

　　[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

　　[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

　　24. WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

　　[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

　　[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

　　[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

　　[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

　　25. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

　　[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

　　[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

　　[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

　　[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

　Text2

　　Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

　　Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."

　　Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

　　TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.

　　TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt",saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

　　26. Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

　　[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

　　[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

　　[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

　　[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

　　27. WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

　　[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdeci