中考英语动词的语态专项复习.docx
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中考英语动词的语态专项复习
中考英语动词的语态专项复习
中考英语动词的语态专项复习
（一）用法梳理以及针对性练习
被动语态
（一）
各个时态的被动语态
1．被动语态的用法：
当说话者强调的是动作本身，且没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时，常使用被动语态。
被动语态可避免提及动作的执行者，这样有利于对观点的陈述。
在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者。
2．八种时态的主动变被动形式：
1）一般现在时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+is／are+过去分词
Wekeepthebutterinthefridge.=>Thebutteriskeptinthefridge.
2）一般过去时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+was/were+过去分词
Janepaintedapicture.=>ApicturewaspaintedbyJane.
3）一般将来时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+willbe+过去分词
Theteacherwillallowyoutoleaveearly.=>Youwillbeallowedtoleaveearly.
4）过去将来时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+wouldbe+过去分词
Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.=>1wassurehewouldbepunished．
5）现在进行时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）十is/arebeing+过去分词
Heisrepairingmybike.=>Mybikeisbeingrepairedbyhim.
6）过去进行时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+was/werebeing十过去分词
Hewasmakingamodelplane.=>Amodelplanewasbeingmadebyhim.
7）现在完成时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+has／havebeen+过去分词
Theyhavecaughtthethief.=>Thethiefhasbeencaught.
8）过去完成时的被动语态：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+hadbeen+过去分词
Theytoldmethatpeoplehadsenthimtothehospital.=>Theytoldmethathehadbeensenttothehospital.
3．情态动词can，may，must的被动形式：
情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
1）情态动词can的主动变被动：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）十canbe+过去分词
Wecanusecoaltoproduceelectricity.=>Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricity.
2）情态动词may的主动变被动：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+maybe+过去分词
Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.=>Anewschoolmaybeopenednextyear.
3）情态动词must的主动变被动：
主语（主动语态中的宾语）+mustbe过去分词
Youmustdothehomeworkcarefully.=>Thehomeworkmustbedonecarefully.
【技能点睛】
不及物动词（如appear，die，disappear，happen，rise）和状态动词（如become，cost，contain，fail，have，last，looklike）不能构成被动语态。
EXERCISES
1.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1）Water（cover）mostoftheEarth'ssurface.
2）MostoftheEarth'ssurface（cover）bywater.
3）Theletter（post）aweekagoandit（arrive）yesterday.
4）Jack'sparents（die）whenhewasveryyoung.Heandhissister（bringup）bytheirgrandparents.
5）IwasborninBeijingbutI（grow）upinShanghai.
6）WhileIwasonholiday,mycamera（steal）frommyhotelroom.
7）Acinemaisaplacewherefilms（show）.
8）Allthewindowsofthebuilding（damage）inastormafewdaysago.
2.根据括号中的提示，用被动语态形式提问：
1）Askaboutthetelephone.（wheninvent）
2）Askaboutthehouse.（whenbuild）
3）Askaboutthetable.（whatusedfor）
4）Askaboutthewine.（whatmakefrom）
5）Askaboutthephotos.（wheretake）
3.选择最佳答案填空
1）—Henry,you______________onthephone.
—Oh,.Thankyou.
A.arewanted;IcomeB.arewanted;I'mcoming
C.arebeingwanted;IcomeD.arewanting;I'mcoming
2）—Whatanicewatchitis!
—It'smybirthdaypresent.ItinJapan.
A.makeB.makesC.ismakingD.ismade
3）Studentsslipperswhentheyareatschool,
A.don'tallowtowearB.arenotallowedtowear
C.arenotallowedtoputonD.arenotallowedwearing
4）—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.
—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome.
A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited
5）—Iwanttoknowwhenhaveafieldtrip.
—We'llhaveitwhenallthework.
A.youare;willfinishB.youwill;finishes
C.youwill;isfinishedD.youwill;isfinish
6）Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.
A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof
7）ThedoctorlookedoverPetercarefullyafterhetothehospital.
A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken
【Keys】
1.1）covers2）iscovered
3）wasposted,arrived
4）died,werebroughtup5）grew
6）wasstolen
7）areshown8）weredamaged
2.1）Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?
2）Whenwasthehousebuilt?
3）Whatwas/isthetableusedfor?
4）Whatis/wasthewinemadefrom?
5）Wherewerethephotostaken?
3.1）B2）D3）B4）D5）C6）D7）D
被动语态
（二）
主动变被动应注意的几个问题
1．带复合宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：
1）将带复合宾语的句子改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。
Wealwayskeeptheclassroom（宾语）clean（宾语补足语）．我们经常使教室保持干净。
→Theclassroom（原宾语）isalwayskeptclean.
Ifindthebook（宾语）veryinteresting（宾语补足语）．我发现这本书很有趣。
→Thebook（原宾语）isfoundveryinteresting.
2）下列动词后接动词作宾语补足语时应省去to，若改为被动语态，to必须还原。
感到feel；听hear,listento；使，让make；看see,lookat,watch,notice
Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.我经常听见他唱歌。
→Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.
Hemademeworkallday.他让我整天工作。
→Iwasmadetoworkallday.
2．带双宾语的句子如何改为被动语态：
带双宾语的句子改为被动语态时，通常将间接宾语改成主语，而直接宾语保留下来。
有时也可把直接宾语改为主语，间接宾语前加上to或for。
主动：
Wegavehim（间接宾语）awarmwelcome（直接宾语）．我们热烈欢迎他。
→He（原间接宾语）wasgivenawarmwelcome（直接宾语）．
→Awarmwelcome（原直接宾语）wasgiventohim（间接宾语）．
主动：
Mymothermademe（间接宾语）anewdress（直接宾语）．母亲给我做了件新衣。
→I（原间接宾语）wasmadeanewdress.（直接宾语）．
→Anewdress（原直接宾语）wasmadeforme（间接宾语）．
下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加to：
award授予bring带来give给hand交给leave遗赠
lend借出mail寄给offer提供pass传给pay支付给
下列动词引导的双宾语句子在把直接宾语改为主语时，间接宾语前加for：
boil煮沸book预订bring带来build建筑buy买
make制作order订购pick摘prepare准备reach够取
3．带宾语从句的句子改为被动语态的两个句型：
①宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语的不定式
②It+be+主句谓语的过去分词+that+原宾语从句
Peoplesaysheknowsfivelanguages.人们说他懂5种语言。
→Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.
→Itissaidthatsheknowsfivelanguages.
WebelievethebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish．我们相信这书已被翻译成英语。
→ThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.
→ItisbelievedthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.
EXERCISES
1．将下列句子改为被动语态：
1）Somebodyhascleanedtheroom.
2）Theyhaveputoffthemeeting.
3）Somebodyisusingthecomputeratthemoment.
4）Theyarebuildinganewroadaroundthecity.
5）Youcanfinishtheseexercises.
2.根据汉语意思完成下列句子：
1）这本书写得很好。
Thebook____________________________________________.
2）我的新自行车昨天被偷了。
Mynewbike_________________________________________.
3）我听说这儿要新建一座博物馆。
Ihearanewmuseum___________________________________.
4）所有这些问题都必须回答。
Allthesequestionsmust_________________________________.
5）人们给他一本新书。
（两种译法）
He____________________.Anewbook____________________.
3．选择最佳答案填空：
1）Thepizzabymymother.Wouldyouliketohavesome?
A.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade
2）—DidJackcometoourpartyyesterday?
—No,he.
A.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.isn'tinvitedD.hasn'tinvited
3）—Thesebananaslookdifferentandtheyaresweet.
—Right.TheyherefromTaiwanyesterday.
A.wasbroughtB.werebroughtC.bringD.arebrought
4）—Whoisthelittleboyinthepicture?
—It'sme.Thepicture10yearsago.
A.tookB.istakenC.hastakenD.wastaken
5）—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?
Theyareallreadytostart.
—I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.
A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold
6）Therecorderyesterday.ItworksOKnow.
A.repairedB.wasrepairedC.hasrepairedD.willberepaired
7）Manyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.
A.pulldownB.willbepulleddown
C.willpulldownD.arepulleddown
【Keys】
1.1）Theroomhasbeencleaned.
2）Themeetinghasbeenputoff.
3）Thecomputerisbeingusedatthemoment.
4）Anewroadisbeingbuiltaroundthecity.
5）Theseexercisescanbefinished.
2.1）iswellwritten2）wasstolenyesterday
3）willbebuilthere4）beanswered
5）wasgivenanewbook;wasgiventohim.
3.1）D2）A3）B4）D5）D6）B7）B
强化练习
I.Choosethebestanswer.
（）1.AtoymonkeytothechildasapresentonChristmasDaylastyear.
A.gaveB.isgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgiving
（）2.Insomeplaces,littletomakesmokeclean.
A.doesB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.isdoing
（）3.Hisheadmustatonce.
A.operateB.operateon
C.beoperatedD.beoperatedon
（）4.Thepersonsunder16yearsoldshouldn'ttogototheInternetBar.
A.toallowB.beallowingC.beallowedD.allow
（）5.ThesecondregionalmeetingonbirdfluinVietnamnotlongago.
A.heldB.washeldC.willheldD.willbeheld
（）6.MrSmith,togetherwithhiswife,toattendthepartylastweek.
A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.wereinvitedD.toinvite
（）7.Thewindowbythenaughtyboyyesterday.
A.breaksB.brokeC.isbrokenD.wasbroken
（）8.Footballeverywhereintheworld.
A.areplayedB.isplayedC.isplayingD.wasplaying
（）9.Allthequestionsonthepaper.
A.answerB.areanswered
C.willanswerD.areanswering
（）10.Thebabypandaisbythenurses.
A.takecareB.takencare
C.takencareofD.takecareof
（）11.Englishisbytravelersintheworld.
A.usedB.usingC.useD.touse
（）12.Trafficrulesmustbythedrivers.
A.obeyB.obeyC.beobeyedD.isobeyed
（）13.Thefoodandmedicineshouldatalowtemperature.
A.keepB.bekeptC.keepingD.kept
（）14.Inthatsmallcity,thegirlstogooutatnight.
A.isn'tallowedB.mustn'tallowed
C.aren'tallowedD.wasn'tallowed
（）15.Englishbymanypeopleasasecondlanguage.
A.arelearntB.werelearnt
C.learntD.islearnt
（）16.ItissaidthataChildren'sPalacebytheminthatcityin2008.
A.willbuiltB.hasbuilt
C.willbebuiltD.arebuilt
（）17.WhenIwasinEngland,thatrestaurantatthattime.
A.iswelcomedB.waswelcomed
C.waswelcomingD.welcomes
（）18.Newlaws__________________tofightpollutioninthenearfutureinChina.
A.willbemadeB.willmake
C.ismadeD.havemade
（）19.Thewetclothesoutside,ortheywon'tbedryeasily.
A.shouldhangupB.shouldhungup
C.shouldbehungupD.shouldbehangedup
（）20.Where_______________theWorldExpo2010?
A.is,heldB.will,beheld
C.was,heldD.has,beenheld
II.TurnthefollowingsentencesIntopassivevoice.
1.Theywritemanybusinessletterseveryday.
Manybusinessletters____________________________everyday.
2.MostofthepeopleinthatCountryspeakFrench.
French_____________________________bymostofthepeopleinthatcountry.
3.ThousandsofpeoplevisittheGreatWalleveryday.
TheGreatWall______
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