《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集.docx

《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集.docx

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《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集

《新编简明英语语言学教程》1-6章复习题集

《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集（1-6章）

2012-5-16更新

ChapterIIntroduction2012

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

 1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed__escriptive_____.（prescriptive/laydownrules）

2. Chomskydefines“competence”（语言能力）astheidealuser’sknowledge__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

3.Langue（语言）referstothea__bstract________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventions（惯例）andapplicationoftherules.

43.D____uality_____isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

5.Languageisasystemofa__rbitrary_______vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

6.Socialinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_yntax_______.

8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasagenetic___basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

9.Performance__（语言能力）__referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa__pplied______linguistics.

11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe

12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientific____studyoflanguage.

13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesocialfunctionoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstant（时刻）isa_______study.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic

2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.

A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics

C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics

3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptiveB.analytic

C.descriptiveD.linguistic

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement

C.DualityD.Meaningfulness

5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primaryB.correct

C.secondaryD.stable

6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D. Alloftheabove

7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.descriptive

8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronicB.diachronic

C.prescriptiveD.comparative

9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performance

C.langueD.Language

10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.senseB.sounds

C.objectsD.ideas

11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediate（当前）situationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacementB.duality

C.flexibility           D.culturaltransmission

12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.

A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure

C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth

13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.

A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural

2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?

Chapter2：

Phonology

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

27．Affricate_（破差音）_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds. 

28． A_rticulatory_（发音）________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer. 

29．Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_ilabial_sounds. 

30．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet_ongue___isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother. 

31．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp__lace_____ofarticulation（发音部位）. 

32．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudibly（可听见的）releasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas__top______.

33．S_uprasegmental_（超音段）_______featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone（音调）,intonation（语调）,etc. 

34．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsequential（序列）____rules. 

35．Thetranscription（标音）ofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscription（宽式）whilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacritics（变音符）iscallednarrow____transcription. （严式）

36．Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation_（语调）________. 

37．P_honology__________isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication. 

38.Ifyousaydoor,new,two,senior,zoo,youwillnoticethatthefirstsoundsinallthesewordsarea_lveolar（齿龈音）______sounds.Thetandsarevoiceless,andd,nandzarevoiced.Onlynisnasal.

39．Thearticulatoryapparatus（器官）ofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:

thepharyngeal（咽腔）cavity,theoral（口腔）_______cavityandthenasalcavity. 

40．T__one（音调）_____arepitch（音调）variations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibration（震动）ofthevocalcords（声带）andwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes（音位）.

41．Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:

wordstressands__entence_______stress.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachofthestatementsbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

1.Thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsiscalled________phonetics.

A.acoustic（声学）B.articulatoryC.Auditory（听觉）D.allomorphic

2.Thesound/f/is_________________.

A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop

C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative（齿音，摩茶）

3．Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.

A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords 

4．Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds. 

   A.voicelessB.voiced

C.vowelD.consonantal

5．__________isavoicedalveolar（齿龈）stop.

           A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/ 

6．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.

A.identicalB.same

           C.exactlyalikeD.similar 

7.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.

A.inphonemiccontrast（音位对立）B.incomplementarydistribution（同一音位的不同变体）C.theallophones（音位变体）D.minimalpair（对小对立体） 

9. A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition. 

       A.backB.central

C.frontD.middle 

10.Palatal（鄂音）semi-vowelreferstothesound.

A.[n]B.[h]C.[w]D.[j]

11.Aphonemeisagroupofphoneticallysimilarsoundscalled.

A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs

C.phonesD.allophones

12.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled____________.

A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituents

         C.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures 

13.A（n）___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

A.phoneB.sound

           C.allophoneD.phoneme 

14．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.

A.phonesB.sounds

C.phonemesD.allophones 

15.A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle

16.Thesoundsthatbeginandendthewordschurchandjudgearevoicelessandvoiced_______,respectively.（C）

A.stopsB.fricatives

C.affricatesD.plosives

IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:

1.HowaretheEnglishconsonantsclassified?

2.Explainwithexamplesthesequentialrule,andtheassimilationruleinphonology.