初一英语 阅读理解专题一教案.docx

初一英语 阅读理解专题一教案.docx

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初一英语阅读理解专题一教案

阅读理解专题一

适用学科

英语

适用年级

初二

适用区域

全国

课时时长

120分钟

知识点

阅读理解三大题型：

细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题。

教学目标

使学生掌握阅读理解题型的做题方法

教学重点

阅读理解题解题方法

教学难点

阅读理解题型的文章理解

教学过程

一、复习预习

你在初中阶段学过哪些阅读理解解题方法？

二、知识讲解

体裁分析能力

论述文的阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。

阅读论述文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.

文章的结构往往容易把握，用主题句开门见山。

作者往往通过信号词（signalwords或transitionalwords）和关联词（referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。

分析题干能力

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformation

inthepassage?

2）Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...

3）Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

4）Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.

5）Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

6）Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?

7）Thereasonfor...is...

8）Accordingtothepassage,when（where,why,how,who,etc.）...

9）Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

10）Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.

细节理解题：

细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。

有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。

做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。

主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：

1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____．

2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？

3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____．

4）Thepassageismostlyabout____．

5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____．

6）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？

7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？

8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____

9）Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…

10）Thepassageismeantto….

11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…

有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：

1）Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.

2）Fromthetextweknowthat______.

3）Thestoryimpliesthat______.

4）Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.

5）Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.

6）Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．

7）Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．

8）Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？

9）Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？

考作者观点态度的提问方式有：

1）Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.

2）Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.

3）Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.

4）Theauthor’sstyleis______.

5）Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.

6）Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?

7）Thewriterbelievethat________?

8）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

9）Intheauthor'sopinion_________?

推断题

1.解推断题应注意：

（1）不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；

（2）推理的根据来自于上下文。

2.解推断题的方法：

　解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。

确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：

1、问全文主体事物的（包括主题），可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；

2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。

三、例题精析

InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

　BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.

　“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.

Q：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

　A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

　B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

　C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

　D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.

解析：

A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是：

takentoHongKong可判断不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents，因此选B。

Example2

Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders.”

“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?

”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.

“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”

Q：

Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.

　　A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlord

C.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects

解析：

他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为D。

Example3

Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.

Mr.Neffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.Mr.Neffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idon’tknow.”

Q：

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetoMr.Neff?

A.HefindsMr.Neffhardtounderstand.

B.HethinksMr.Neffwonderful.

C.HefeelspityforMr.Neff.

D.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff.

解析：

从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？

明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr.Neff的讨厌之情。

答案为D。

四、课堂运用

阅读理解·“老”字趣谈

 每个国家都有各自的文化习惯，而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会，不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就OK啦！

WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmericain2010fromasmallvillageinGuangdong,China,webroughtnotonlyourluggage,butalsoourvillagerules,customsandculture.Oneoftherulesisthatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespect（尊敬）elders.Unluckily,thisruleledtomyveryfirstembarrassmentintheUnitedStates.

Ihadapart-timejobasawaiterinaChineserestaurant.Onetime,whenIwasservingfoodtoamiddle-agedcouple,thewifeaskedmehowthefoodcouldbeservedsoquickly.ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.AssoonasIsaidthat,herfaceshowedgreatdispleasure.Mymanager,whohappenedtohearwhatIsaid,tookmeasideandgavemealonglectureabouthowsensitive（敏感）Americansareandhowtheydislikethedescription“old”.Ithenwalkedbacktothetableandapologizedtothewife.Afterthecoupleheardmyreason,theyunderstoodthattheproblemwascausedbyculturaldifferences,sotheylaughedandwerenolongerangry.

InmyvillageinChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.Notsomanypeoplelivetobeseventyoreighty,andpeoplewhoreachsuchanagehavethemostknowledgeandexperience.Youngpeoplealwaysrespectolderpeoplebecausetheyknowtheycanlearnfromtheirrichexperience.

However,intheUnitedStates,peoplethink“growingold”isaproblemsince“old”showsthatapersonisgoingtoretireorthatthebodyisnotworkingwell.Heremanypeopletrytokeepthemselvesawayfromgrowingoldbydoingexercisesorjogging,andwomenputonmakeup,hopingtolookyoung.WhenItoldthecoupleintherestaurantthatIrespecttheelderly,theygotangrybecausethiscausedthemtofeeltheyhadfailedtostayyoung.Ihadtoldthemsomethingtheydidn’twanttohear.

Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon’trespectthemanymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon’tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.

ByJack

根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1.Jackbroughtthecoupletheirfoodveryfastbecause_______.

A.themanageraskedhimtodoso

B.herespectedtheelderly

C.thecouplewantedhimtodoso

D.hewantedmorepay

2.WhenJackcalledthecouple“elderly”,theybecame_______.

A.nervous 

B.satisfied

C.unhappy

D.excited

3.InJack’shometown,_______.

A.peopledislikebeingcalled“old”

B.peopleareproudofbeingold

C.manypeoplereachtheageofseventyoreighty

D.theelderlyarethefirsttogetfoodinrestaurants

4.Afterthisexperience,Jack_______.

A.losthisjobintherestaurant

B.madefriendswiththecouple

C.nolongerrespectedtheelderly

D.changedhiswaywitholderpeople

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.ThemoreJackexplained,theangrierthecouplegot.

B.Jackwantedtoshowhisfeelingsthroughwordsafterhisexperience.

C.Themanagerwentbacktothetableandapologizedtothecouple.

D.Fromthisexperience,JacklearnedmoreaboutAmericanculture.

英语阅读理解·Jean的网友

QQ聊天对我们来说并不陌生，但是该不该完全相信网友呢？

我们究竟该以怎样的心态对待网络呢？

让我们来看看本文主人公与网友的奇遇吧！

Jeanisabrightyoungwomanwhocomesfromarichandfamousfamily.Shegoestoagooduniversityandhaseverythingthatmoneycanbuy.Well,almosteverything.TheproblemisthatthepeopleinJean’sfamilyaresobusythattheycanhardlyfindtimetobewithher.Infact,Jeanisquitelonely.

SoJeanspendsalotoftimeonherQQ.Shelikesbeinganonymous（匿名）,talkingtopeoplewhodonotknowaboutherfamousfamilyandherrichlife.SheusesthenameLindaonQQandhasmadealotoffriendswhoshekeepsintouchwithquiteoften.

LastyearJeanmadeaveryspecialfriendonQQ.HisnamewasDavidandlivedinSanFrancisco.Davidwasfullofstoriesandjokes.HeandJeanhadacommon（共同的）interestinrockmusicandmoderndance.SoitalwaystookthemhourstotalkhappilyonQQandsometimestheyevenforgott