雅思小作文总结.docx
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雅思小作文总结
雅思小作文总结
一、评分标准
(1)任务完成情况:
趋势描写,数据支持,不要画蛇添足
(2)关联词大量而准确地使用(连贯)
(3)词汇
(4)句子结构
二、写作要求
(1)客观性
不能有想象成分,总结归纳要符合逻辑。
(2)准确性
数据要求精确(不抄错),可以合理目测(大概数值)。
(3)详尽性
4类特征数据一定介绍:
最大值(maximum),最小值(minimum),交叉点(intersection),变化趋势(trend)。
三、作文类型
Linegraph
Piechart
Barchart70%
Table
Flowgraph/processdiagram20%
Others10%
四、解题技巧
A.表格图
1横向比较:
介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势2纵向比较:
介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势3无需将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值,对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的
说明:
考察例举数字的能力和方法。
注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。
B.线图
1极点说明:
对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明
2趋势说明:
对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平
3交点说明:
对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明
说明:
关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势,学会generalclassification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰。
接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specifictrend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。
注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!
C.饼状图
1介绍各扇面及总体的关系2各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较3重点突出特点最明显的扇面:
最大的,最小的,互相成倍的
D.柱状图
1.比较:
similarity2.对比:
difference)
3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征&分别描写各个柱子的个性特征
4,有年份的可按照线图的写作方法。
E.流程图
1.首先说明:
做什么工作的过程,目的是什么2.准备工作3.按时间/过程先后描述4.结果5.简单总结
说明:
注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。
F.实物/器具工作过程
1.实物的名称,功能2.基本结构3.工作过程4.简单总结
G.综合图
1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系
H.地图
1.历史变迁图描述不同年份的场景变化,记住实用方位词。
并注意按照空间顺序描述。
2.选址题描述图中备选地点的地理优缺点。
五、写作方法
混合图:
六、写作模板
开头段句式:
1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows(that)...
2.Thefigures/statisticsshow(that)...
3.Thediagramshows/describes/illustrateshow...
4.Accordingto/As(is)showninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart,diagram,graph,figures
5.Itcanbeseen/observedfromthe/wecanseefromthe…
6.Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures(that)...
三种描述趋势的句式
1.Therewas/is/willbe+a/an+形容词+变化名词+inthenumber/percentageof+被描述对象+时间
e.g.Therewasasharpincrease/decreaseinthenumberofTVaudiencesfrom12pmto2pm.
2.Thenumber/percentageof被描述对象+变化动词+副词+数据+时间
e.g.ThenumberofTVaudiencesrosesharplyfrom6amto8am.
3.时间段+witness/see/experience+a/an+形容词+变化名词+inthenumber/percentageof被描述对象
e.g.Theperiodbetween10amand12pmwitnessesamoderategrowthinthenumberofpeopleinthestation,withthenumberreaching280atmidday.
Thenexthoursseeadramaticriseinthenumberagain.
描述最高点、最低点
1.被描述对象+reachitshighestpoint/peak/bottomat+数据+时间
e.g.At4pm,thenumberreachesitsbottomat100.
At8am,itreacheditshighestpointat25%.
2.peakingat/bottomingat+数据
e.g.Afterthat,thenumberincreasedsharplyuntil1998,peakingat20,700.
比较两个对象
Thenumber/percentageof被描述对象1+was/is/willbe+(much/slightly)+larger/higher/lower/smaller+than+thatof被描述对象2.
e.g.Thenumberofbusinesswashigherthanthatforvisitstofriendsandrelatives.
However,fortherestoftheday,thepercentage
三个及以上的对象比较
被描述对象+has/had/willhave+thelargest/highest/lowest/smallest+number/percentageof+项目+in/among范围
e.g.USAhadthehighestqualityoflifeinthefivecountries.
Otherreasonshadthesmallestpercentageinthefourreasons.
连接手段
1.Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenon
Therewasarise.Thenthenumberwentdown...
2.After/before
Therewasarise,beforethenumberwentdown.
Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.
3.…whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededanincrease/decrease
Therewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.
4.上一句最后时间词,when...
Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom数据in年份to数据in年份,whenthenumberwentdown.
5.Again(第二次以后的上升/下降)
Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.
6.However...then...(上升和下降之间)
Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.
7、其他关联词:
类比、对比、句子衔接
However/compareto/incontrast//similarly/conversely//while
Similarly/likewise
Asto/intermof/asfor
流程图模板
七、各种图表描述注意事项
WRITINGTASK1:
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
ThechartandgraphbelowgiveinformationaboutsalesandsharepricesforCoca-Cola.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
范文:
ThepiechartshowstheworldwidedistributionofsalesofCoca-Colaintheyear2000andthegraphshowsthechangeinsharepricesbetween1996and2001.
Intheyear2000,Coca-Colasoldatotalof17.1billioncasesoftheirfizzydrinkproductworldwide.ThelargestconsumerwasNorthAmerica,where30.4percentofthetotalvolumewaspurchased.ThesecondlargestconsumerwasLatinAmerica.EuropeandAsiapurchased20.5and16.4percentofthetotalvolumerespectively,whileAfricaandtheMiddleEastremainedfairlysmallconsumersat7percentofthetotalvolumeofsales.
Since1996,sharepricesforCoca-Colahavefluctuated.Inthatyear,shareswerevaluedatapproximately$35.Between1996and1997,however,pricesrosesignificantlyto$70pershare.Theydippedalittleinmid-1997andthenpeakedat$80pershareinmid-98.Fromthenuntil2000theirvaluefellconsistentlybuttherewasaslightriseinmid-2000.
WRITINGTASK1:
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
ThechartshowsthedivisionofhouseholdtasksbygenderinGreatBritain.
Writeareportforauniversitylecturedescribingtheinformationshownbelow.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Source:
OfficeforNationalStatisticsonbehalfoftheControllerofHerMajesty'sStationeryOffice.
Studythesethreesentencesandthenwritethreesimilarsentencesaboutotherpartsofthechart.
1 Womenspend overtwiceasmuchtime doingkitchentasksasmen.
2 Menspend30minutesadaydoingkitchentasks whereas/while womenspend74minutesaday.
3 Womenare moreactive inthekitchen than men(74minutesadayforwomen asopposedto 30minutesformen).
SampleReport
ThechartshowstheaveragenumberofminutesperdaymenandwomeninGreatBritainspendonjobsaroundthehouse.
Intotal,menspendjust over two-and-a-halfhoursonhouseholdtaskswhereaswomenspendslightly lessthanfourhours.Womenspendmorethan twice asmuchtimedoingkitchentaskssuchascookingandwashingup as men(74minutesforwomenasopposed to 30minutesformen.Womenarealsomoreactiveincleaningthehouse-ittakes58minutesoftheirdaycompared to/with 13minutesformen-andchildcare,wherewomenputinmorethantwiceas much timeasmen.
Ontheotherhand,menare more activeingardeningandpetcare,wheretheyspendtwiceas long aswomen,andmaintenanceandDIY,onwhichtheyspend15minutesmore than women.Womenaccountforalmostallthetimespentonwashingandironingclothes.Thistakesthem25minutes, while/whereas menspendjust2minutesonthistask.
Overallthefiguresshowthatwomenspendmoretimeonroutinedomesticchoresthanmen, while/whereas mendomorehouseholdmaintenance,gardeningandpetcare.
WRITINGTASK1:
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
ThemapbelowshowsthedevelopmentofthevillageofRyemouthbetween1995andpresent.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
ThisreportcompareshowthevillageofRyemouthhasdevelopedandchangedsincetheyearof1995.
Asisclearlydescribedinthefirstpicture,Ryemouthwasacoastalcitywhichwasdividedintothreepartsbytworoads.Inthesouthernpart,therewasafishingportonthesea,withafishmarketlocatedinthenorthandacoffeeshopinthenorth-east.Ablockofshopswassituatedontheoppositesideofthemarket…
Inthesecondpicture,thevillagechangedalot.Thefishingporthasbeenremovedandthefishmarketisreplacedbyapartments.Severalrestaurantsalsooccupytheplaceoftheshopsontheroadside.Moreover,aparkinglotisnewlybuiltontheeastofthehotel.Inaddition,
Overall,basedonthebriefdescriptionabove,itisclearthatthegenerallayoutofthevillagedoesnotchangealot,whilesomenewly-builtfacilitiesandhousinghasornamentedthesmallvillage.
WRITINGTASK1:
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustry.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Theprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrycanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.Firsttherawmaterial,clay,whichwasjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclay-richareashastobedugupbyadigger.
Thenthelumpsofclayareplacedonametalgridinordertobreakupthebigchunksofclayintomuchsmallerareas,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclay.Sandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmixture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpieThosefreshbricksarethenkeptinadryingovenforatleast24andamaximumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaso-calledkiln,anothertypeofhightemperatureoven.Firsttheyarekeptatamoderatetemperatureof200℃-1300℃.Thisprocessisfollowedbycoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber.
Oncethebrickshavecooleddownandhavebecomehard,theygetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage.