届高考英语二轮复习短文改错和语法填空解题技巧专题6真题分块练习形容词和副词 学案.docx

届高考英语二轮复习短文改错和语法填空解题技巧专题6真题分块练习形容词和副词 学案.docx

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届高考英语二轮复习短文改错和语法填空解题技巧专题6真题分块练习形容词和副词学案

第六讲：

真题分块练习——形容词和副词

语法填空常考点

1．基本用法和比较等级

①（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters（环形山）,moresothanthefamiliarnearside.

②（2020·全国卷Ⅱ）Oranges:

Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.

③（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait（画像）donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest（fine）work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.

④（2020·浙江7月高考）Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.

⑤（2020·浙江1月高考）Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelargecomparedtoyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomesolder（old）thanbefore.

⑥（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating（聚集）aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion（错觉）thatpopulationsarehigher（high）thantheyactuallyare.

⑦（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger（long）thannonrunners.

⑧（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400poundmaleappears.Hescreamstheloudest（loud）ofall.

⑨（2018·浙江6月高考）Therecouldbeanevenhigher（high）costonyourhealth.

⑩（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Evenworse（bad）,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

2．形容词构词法

⑪（2020·全国卷Ⅱ）Thebeautiful（beauty）longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbuds（蓓蕾）makefantasticdecorations.

⑫（2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthy（wealth）peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.

⑬（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Wearesoproudofher.It’swonderful（wonder）．

⑭（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）Theyalsosharedwithusmanytraditional（tradition）storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.

⑮（2019·北京高考）...it’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningful（meaning）collegeexperience.

⑯（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Runningischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic（energy）．

⑰（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal（globe）fertilizerconsumption.

⑱（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged（challenge）．

⑲（2018·浙江6月高考）Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable（afford）butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.

⑳（2017·浙江11月高考）Oneoftheeffective（effect）waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.

（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）However,becareful（care）nottogotoextremes.

（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessful（success）ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.

3．副词构词法

（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely（extreme）challenging.

（2020·全国卷Ⅱ）Certainly（certain）duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.

（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）Asthesmallboatmovedgently（gentle）alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.

（2020·浙江1月高考）Thisisparticularly（particular）trueintheUS.

（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorly（poor）studied...

（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Heryearsofhardworkhavefinally（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwerehugely（huge）popularwithtourists.

（2019·浙江6月高考）Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasily（easy）seethem.

（2018·浙江11月高考）Recently（recent）,caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.

（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）Atasteformeatisactually（actual）behindthechange:

Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.

（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly（fair）unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.

（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）Itiscertainly（certain）funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.

短文改错常考点

1．比较等级的错用

①（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.去掉more

②（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.larger→large

③（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.earlier→early

2．形容词的错用

④（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.interesting→interested

⑤（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.difference→different

3．副词的错用

⑥（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Fromnowon,Istartedtoplayfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.

now→then

⑦（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Then,whenIwasinthefifthgrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.too→very/so

⑧（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.here→

there

⑨（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.

去掉much

⑩（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.

Beside→Besides

4．形容词与副词之间的错用

⑪（2020·全国卷Ⅰ）TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.simply→simple

⑫（2020·全国卷Ⅱ）I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.surely→sure

⑬（2020·全国卷Ⅲ）Inordertomakesurelyallofusareingoodhealth,shemakesspecificplansforus.surely→sure

⑭（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.

coolly→cool

⑮（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.

ordinarily→ordinary

⑯（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.happily→happy

⑰（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.Immediate→Immediately

⑱（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden

（一）基本用法与比较等级

1．形容词多放在名词或代词前，起修饰作用，用来表示人或物的性质、特征等。

2．副词多放在动词、形容词、副词前或句首，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度、方式、因果等。

3．形容词和副词的比较等级。

单音节或双音节的形容词和副词的比较等级分别加er或est。

多音节形容词和副词的比较等级分别加more和most。

4．表示“比……”时，用比较级；表示“最……”时，用最高级。

5．牢记“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构，表示“越……，就越……”。

（二）构词法

1．动词、名词变形容词的后缀

后缀

例词

-able可……的；能……的

accept→acceptable　　　可接受的

comfort→comfortable舒适的

fashion→fashionable时髦的

suit→suitable合适的

reason→reasonable有道理的

-al与……有关的

music→musical　　　　音乐的

origin→original最初的

person→personal个人的；私人的

centre→central中央的；中心的

nature→natural自然的；天生的

form→formal正式的

nation→national全国的

-ful充满……的；有……性质或倾向的

doubt→doubtful　　　怀疑的

forget→forgetful健忘的

harm→harmful有害的

hope→hopeful有希望的

peace→peaceful和平的

care→careful细心的

use→useful有用的

help→helpful有帮助的

-ed感到……的

scare→scared　　　　　感到恐惧的

confuse→confused感到困惑的

puzzle→puzzled感到迷惑的

worry→worried担心的

bore→bored感到厌倦的

excite→excited激动的；兴奋的

determine→determined有决心的

-ing令人……的

surprise→surprising　　令人惊讶的

convince→convincing令人信服的

satisfy→satisfying令人满意的

worry→worrying令人担心的

bore→boring令人厌烦的

-ible可……的；能……的

access→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的

horror→horrible　　　可怕的；恐怖的

terror→terrible可怕的

-ive与……有关的；有……倾向的

act→active　　　　　　积极的；活跃的

effect→effective有效的；生效的

attract→attractive有吸引力的

impress→impressive给人深刻印象的

instruct→instructive有教育意义的

expense→expensive昂贵的

-ous多……的；有……特性的

continue→continuous　不断的；持续的

anxiety→anxious忧虑的

caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的

curiosity→curious好奇的

humor→humorous幽默的

-some引起……的

tire→tiresome　　　　令人厌倦的

trouble→troublesome麻烦的

-y具有……性质或特点的

taste→tasty　　　　　美味的；可口的

health→healthy健康的

wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的

dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的

rain→rainy多雨的

sun→sunny阳光明媚的

cloud→cloudy阴天的

-ern表示方位、地点等……的

east→eastern　　　　东方的；向东的

west→western西方的；向西的

-ish有……性质或特点

child→childish　　　　孩子气的

fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的

self→selfish自私的

-ic与……有关的

science→scientific　　科学的

economy→economic经济的

history→historic　历史（上）的；有关历史的

-en由……制成或构成的

gold→golden　　　　　金的

wood→wooden木制的

wool→woolen羊毛的

2.形容词变副词的规则

一般情况加-ly

common→commonly

immediate→immediately

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly

easy→easily

happy→happily

busy→busily

以-le结尾，去掉e加-y

simple→simply

gentle→gently

以-ic结尾，加-ally

economic→economically

scientific→scientifically

（三）特殊情况

1．以-ly结尾的形容词：

friendly,lovely,lonely,deadly,daily,monthly,weekly,yearly等。

2．兼有形容词和副词词性的hard,deep,slow等词与hardly,deeply,slowly的区别。

（一）单句语法填空

1．（2020·昆明三模）BecauseofRichardSears’enthusiasmfortraditional（tradition）Chineseculture,hebeganlearningChinesein1972.

2．（2020·佛山三模）Wouldn’titbeenjoyable（enjoy）tohaveagreetingcodethatiswidely（wide）acceptable?

3．（2020·大庆三模）Thankfully（thank）,effectivemeasureshavebeentakenbyChinaandIndiatoprohibittheTibetanantelopesfrombeinghunted.

4．（2020·哈尔滨第五次模拟）Bikesharingisagreener（green）methodoftransportationandprovidesamorefriendlyexperience.

5．However,theprogramshavealsoledtoproblemssuchasillegal（legal）parking,deliberatedamagingandtheft.

6．（2020·济南打靶卷）Sheisknownas“themost（much）beautifulgrandmadoctor”byothers.

（二）单句改错

1．NowItakeashowerquicklythanbefore.quickly前加more

2．Imakepeoplehappilywithmyletters,andyoudotoo.happily→happy

3．ThisyearIexperiencedoneofthelongholidaysinmylife.Ihadtostayathometoavoidbeinginfectedbythenovelcoronavirus,akindofvirusthatresultedinaseriouslungdisease.

long→longest

4．IhopetostudyinZhongshanUniversityinthefuture,andthat’swhyI’mworkingsohardlynow.hardly→hard

5．Weneedtofacemanypainsaswegrowup.Butthesepainseventualbringusgains.eventual→eventually

6．Mostimportant,they’vereducedriverpollution,makingthewatersocleanthatpeoplecannowfishintheriver.important→importantly