Getting Started with airMAX.docx
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GettingStartedwithairMAX
GettingStartedwithairMAX
Contents
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∙1 ProductOptionsforDifferentScenarios
o1.1 PtPLinks
o1.2 PtMP
▪1.2.1 BaseStation
▪1.2.2 CustomerPremiseEquipment(CPE)
o1.3 Hotspots
∙2 FrequencyOptions
o2.1 900MHz(M900)
o2.2 2.4GHz(M2)
o2.3 3.xGHz(M3-M365)
o2.4 5GHz(M5)
o2.5 10GHz(M10)
∙3 AntennaOptions
∙4 LinkPlanning
∙5 BestPracticesforOutdoorWireless
∙6 WISPInformation
ProductOptionsforDifferentScenarios
Infixedoutdoorwirelesscommunicationstherearetwoprimarydeploymentmethodsusedfordistributingwireless:
Point-to-Point(PtP),andPoint-to-Multipoint(PtMP).
▪Point-to-Point(PtP):
Connectstwolocations,usuallymultiplekm,essentiallyforminganEthernetbridge.
▪Point-to-Multipointlinks(PtMP):
Connectsthreeormorelocations,usingoneBaseStation(orAccessPoint)andmultipleCPEdevices(Stations)connectedtotheAccessPoint.
PtPLinks
PtPlink
Thefollowingsuggestionsarebasedonreferencedistances.Realresultsdependonenvironmentalinterference,LineofSight,EIRPlimitsandotherfactors.Theproductsthatfollowaresortedbydistance;shortesttolongest.
▪Shortdistance (0-5km)
▪LocoM:
Idealforveryshortdistancelinks.LowestcostPtPsolution
▪NanoM:
Verypopularproductforshortlinks,frequentlyusedforvideosurveillanceduetoitsdual-Ethernetportcapability
▪Mediumdistance (5-15km)
▪airGridM:
Idealforlowthroughputlinks,whereconnectivity,wind-loadingproperties,orlowpricearemoreimportantthanperformance.Non-MIMOdevice
▪NanoBridgeM:
Providesincredibleprice/performanceformediumdistancelinks
▪PowerBridgeM:
Stateoftheartdeviceformedium-longdistances.DoubletheRAMofotherproductsforadditionalperformance
▪Longdistance (15+km)
▪RocketMw/Dish:
Industry-standardforlongdistancehighperformancelinks.Upto150MbpsTCP/IPthroughput.Distancesof100+km
▪HighPerformanceBackhaul
▪airFiber24:
Forextremeperformance,theairFiber24productdeliversupto1.4Gbpsofactualthroughputatdistancesof5+kminthe24GHzband.However,undercertaincircumstancesyoucanuseitupto13km.
PtMP
PtMPperformancedependsonbothsidesofthelink,i.e.ifyouwanttoreachlongdistances,youmustchoosetherightBaseStationANDtherightCPEforeachcase.
BaseStation
Usuallylocatedonthetopofatower,buildingormast.Theheightwilldeterminemaximumcoverage.WhenplanningtheBaseStation,it'susuallyidealtoplanforanantennawiththesmallestcoveragethatstillcoversthedesiredarea.Antennaswithawiderbeamwidth,coveringawiderzonereachingmorestations,maybemoresusceptibletointerference,resultingindecreasedscalabilityandperformance.
PtMplink
▪LowcapacityandshortdistanceBaseStation (idealforstartersinareaswithlowinterference)
▪RocketMwithRocketOMNIantenna:
upto60+concurrentstationswhenalldevicesareairMAXcapable.Highlysusceptibletointerference,recommendedonlyformoderately/highlyruralareas
▪HighCapacity&HighPerformanceBaseStations
▪RocketMwithStandardSectorAntenna:
Industry-standardforBaseStations.Four90°orthree120°antennasfor360°coverage.300+stationsperBaseStation/APTower
▪RocketM-TitaniumandTitaniumSectorAntennas:
New,high-performancesolutionforhighdensityareas.Variablebeamwidth(60-120°)antennasforscalablegrowth.500+stationsperBaseStation/APCellTower.SuperiorisolationandairSynctechnologytoavoidco-locationinterference
CustomerPremiseEquipment(CPE)
▪Shortdistance (0-3km)
▪LocoM:
Lowestcostoption,shortrange,andleastdirectiveCPE
▪NanoM:
SlightlygreaterrangethantheLocoMandmoredirective
▪Mediumdistance (3-7km)
▪airGridM:
LowcostCPE,verynarrowbeamwidth,butnotMIMO(halftheperformanceofNanoBridgeM)
▪NanoBridgeM:
HighlydirectiveCPE,betterrangeandlowernoise.
▪Longdistance
▪PowerBridgeM:
Higherpowerdevice,highlydirectiveCPE,betterrangeandlowernoise,aestheticallypleasingcomparedtodish
▪RocketMwithRocketDish:
Bestperformingoption,highercostthanintegrateddesigns,canbeunsightlyasaCPE
Note!
Itisfinetousehigherperformingdevicesforshorterdistances.Asanexample,theNanoBridgeMwilllikelyoutperformtheLocoMforshortrangelinksduetotheantennaproperties.
Hotspots
The UniFiproductline isrecommendedforhotspotscenarios.Itofferscentralizedmanagement,guestportals,bandwidthlimits,multipleSSIDs,vouchersandmanyotherfeatures.
FrequencyOptions
Unlicensedfrequencies
Eachfrequencyhasdifferentcharacteristicsduetophysicsandutilization.Lowerfrequencieshavebetterpropagationcharacteristicsthanhigherfrequencies,andmayworkbetterinenvironmentswhereLineofSightisobstructed(trees,etc.).However,thesebandsmayalsohavehigherlevelsofnoiseandinterference,soit'simportanttoselectthefrequencythatworksbestinyoursituation.
900MHz(M900)
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
▪+Bettertolerancefortreesandsmallobstaclesvs.higherfrequencies.
▪-Usuallyhighernoiselevels
▪-Only26MHzbandwidth
▪-Notunlicensedworldwide.
2.4GHz(M2)
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
▪+Worldwideunlicensed
▪-Onlythreenon-overlapping20MHzchannels(1,6,11)
▪-It’saverycrowdedband;there’salotofinterferencefromcordlessphones,SOHOWirelessRouter,otherWISPs,etc…
▪-40MHzchannelsnotrecommended
3.xGHz(M3-M365)
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
▪+300MHzbandwidthincountrieswhere3.4-3.7GHzbandisavailable
▪+Noise-freeinmostareas
▪-Only25MHzbandwidthincountrieswhere3.65GHzcanbeused.
▪-Requireslicense.
5GHz(M5)
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
▪+Worldwideunlicensed
▪+HigherEIRPlimits,allowhighergainantennas,andlongdistancelinks
▪+Largeamountsofspectrumavailable,easiertoco-locatenearbydevices
▪-Weakerpropagationvs.lowerfrequencieswhenobstaclesarepresent(trees,walls,etc.)
10GHz(M10)
Advantagesanddisadvantages
▪+Noise-freeinmostcases,veryusefulwhen5.8GHzbandiscrowded.
▪+VerysmallFresnelzone
▪-Onlyavailableinafewareas
▪-Licensedband
▪-RequiresperfectlyclearLineofSight
AntennaOptions
Directionalantenna
Highgainantennasplayanimportantroleinhi-performanceoutdoorwirelessforacoupleofreasons.
1.Theyprovidehi-gainamplificationofthesignalpowerresultinginhighersignalsandbetterlinkquality.
2.Theyarehighlydirectionalwhichgivesthemspatialfilteringcharacteristics,whichcanhelptoblocknoise–especiallyimportantinnoisyenvironments.
Antennasfallintothesecategories:
▪Yagi:
Directive,usedforPTPandCPEapplications.Frequentlyusedinlowfrequencies,suchas900MHz,duetosize
▪Grid:
Directive,usedforPTPandCPEapplications.Greatwind-loadingproperties.However,thistypeonlyworksinonepolarity(1x1),solowerperformancethan2x2antennas(Dish,Panel,etc)
▪Panel:
Directive,usedforPTPandCPEapplications.Compactdesignisveryattractiveinsituationswheredishesarenotpreferred.
▪Dish:
MostDirective,highestperformingairMAXantennasforPTPapplications.Usuallylargerandheavier.
▪Omni:
Provides360degreesofhorizontalcoverage(omni-directional).Idealforlowcapacityandwide-coverageAP/BaseStationapplications)
▪Sector:
IdealchoiceforhighperformanceBaseStations.Offerhighergainanddirectivitythanomnidirectionalantennas.Usuallyofferedin60,90,or120degreeoptions.
LinkPlanning
Distanceisoneimportantfactorwhenyouconsiderlinkplanning.However,therearealsootherimportantfactors,suchasFresnelzoneandFadeMargin.
TheFresnelzone:
TheFresnelzonedefinestheareasurroundingalineofsightlinkthatmustbefreeofobstructionsthatmightcauseoutofphasereflectionsthatcansignificantlydegradesignalquality.ThebelowimageshowsanexampleofanobstructionthatiswithintheFresnelzoneofthelink:
airLink:
Inmanycases,calculatingtheFresnelzoneisacomplicatedtask,sinceit’snotasimple‘LineofSight’fromoneendofthelinktotheother.Therefore,UbiquitidevelopedairLink(alinkbudgetsoftwarewhichallowsinstallerstoestimatethelinkviability,providingimportantinformationsuchasFresnelzoneclearance,linkdistanceandestimatedsignalstrengthandperformance.
airView:
Asitesurveyshouldbeconductedon-sitetoexamineenvironmentalnoiseofanarea.TheeasiestwaytoanalyzespectruminterferenceisusingairView,youcanfindastep-by-stepguidehere.Incasetheentirespectrumisverycrowdedyoushouldconsiderusingadifferentband.Forexample,if2.4GHzbandiscrowded,itmaywouldbeagoodideamovingto5.8GHzor3.65GHzband.
FadeMargin:
Signalsstrengthmayfluctuatewithenvironmentalchanges(changeinseason,rainpatterns,etc.).Therefore,operatorsusuallytakeintoaccounta15dB“fademargin”,inordertoguaranteeahighuptimerateandmorerobustlink.
BestPracticesforOutdoorWireless
▪ALWAYSuseshieldedcable(likeTOUGHCablePRO&CARRIERGrade)andproperlygroundalloutdoorradiostoavoidESDdamageandlong-termperformancedegradation.
▪Alignmentyourantennasproperly,makesurebothpolarities(orchains)havebalancedsignal.
▪EnableairMAXforsuperbperformance—it’sbasedonaproprietaryTDMAprotocolwhichresultsin:
▪Eliminationofhidden-nodes
▪Increasedthroughput,lowlatencyacrossnetworks
▪Highlyscalablenetworkswithmultiplestationsassociated.
▪Secureyourdevices
▪EnableHTTPS
▪Changedefaultcredentials
▪Usethelatestfirmwareavailable
WISPInformation