英语阅读理解记叙文知识点梳理及经典练习超详细经典.docx
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英语阅读理解记叙文知识点梳理及经典练习超详细经典
【英语】阅读理解记叙文知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)经典
一、英语阅读理解记叙文(含答案详细解析)
1.阅读理解
Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探测器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.
TheEarth'sgravity(重力)slowsthemoon'srotation(自转),matchingittothespeedofitsorbit(公转).Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar(太阳的)winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals(矿物质).Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.
However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthefarsideisblocked(阻断)offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite(中继卫星)QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetween
EarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.
Powersupply(电源供应)isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength(长度)of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.
Luckily,everythinggoeswell,Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.
TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon".
(1)WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?
A. InMay,2018.
B. OnDecember8,2018.
C. OnJanuary3,2019.
D. Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.
(2)ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude_______________________.
A. studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoon
B. studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurface
C. solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobes
D. researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft
(3)Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheclosestto"________________".
A. harmful
B. unpredictable
C. risky
D. pioneering
(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A. Chang'e-4hassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.
B. Alunardayhasthelengthof28Earthdays.
C. China'srelaysatelliteQueqiaowassentupinordertoofferpowersupplytoprobes.
D. Chang'e-4isthefirstlunarprobeinhistorythathassuccessfullylandedonthe"dark"sideofthemoon.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
文章介绍了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器,为我们讲述了嫦娥四号升空时间,什么时候在月球背面着陆,如何跟地球进行通讯联系等等。
(1)细节理解题,根据AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8, 可知,嫦娥四号是在2018年12月8号发射升空的,故答案是B。
(2)细节理解题,根据 Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.可知,嫦娥四号的人物包括研究月球表面的太阳风的影响,寻找矿物质,携带花种、土豆和蚕卵看,他们是否恩能够在月球成活,不包括解决地球与月球的通讯问题,故答案是C。
(3)细节理解题,groundbreaking的一是是开创性的,A.有伤害的;B.难以预料的;C.冒险的,D先锋,故答案是D。
(4)正误判断题,根据ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.可知鹊桥中继卫星的发射是微利解决通讯问题,故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解,本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题,细节理解题一般可知直接在文中找到答案,正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种,也是基于短文内容进行判断的。
2.阅读理解
ChineseFarmers'Harvest(收获,收割)FestivalisthefirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinox(秋分)eachyear.TheAutumnalEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms(节气)oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.
Asweallknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationallovertheworld.Itwasdifficulttofeedthelargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopening(改革开放),withthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture(农业),people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentispayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'life.Itwillgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.Chinahasalonghistoryofagriculture.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongfarmingculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilization(文明)andimprovestheculturalself-confidenceandnationalpride.
Sincethefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,theyareencouragedtothinkoftheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon.
Somepeoplethinkthefestivalisthehappiesttimeofayear,evenbetterthantheSpringFestival,becausefoodgivespeopleasenseofsafetyandhope.Forotherpeople,theharvestfestivalisatimetolookbackatthepastandlookforwardtothefuture.
(1)WeprobablycelebratetheChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalon______________.
A. September20th
B. September23rd
C. September25th
D. October1st
(2)ThemainpurposesthatChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalwascreateddon'tinclude_______.
A. showingthelonghistoryoffarmingcultureofChina
B. improvingChineseculturalself-confidenceandnationalpride
C. encouragingChinesefarmerstogiveuplocalcustoms
D. connectingthetraditionalChineseculturetomodemcivilization
(3)Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______________________.
A. thecelebrationswillbedifferentlybasedonlocalcustoms
B. westerncountriesalsocelebratetheFanners'HarvestFestival
C. theFarmers'HarvestFestivalisoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivals
D. TheFarmers'HarvestFestivaliscreatedforbothfarmersandworkers
(4)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A. TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalfallsondifferentdaysindifferentareasinChina.
B. TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalisthebesttimetoharvestcrops(庄稼)intheworld.
C. TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalhasbeencelebratedtwiceinourcountrysofar.
D. China'smodemagriculturehasgreatlydevelopedbecauseofreformandopening.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
短文介绍了中国的首届中国农民丰收节。
节日定语中国的二十四解气的秋分,这个节日是为农民创建的,鼓励他们用自己的方式庆祝收获。
有农民认为这个节日是他们一年中最快乐的时候。
(1)细节理解题,根据heAutumnalEquinoxisoneofthe24solarterms(节气)oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th, 可知,秋分在月22日-24日的某一天,所以庆祝丰收节应该在这个事件范围内。
故答案是B。
(2)细节理解题,根据Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandsoon. 可知C的陈述绝对错误,故答案是C。
(3)细节理解题,根据butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.可知,庆祝活动应基于当地的风土人情,故答案是A。
(4)正误判断题,根据 Afterreformandopening(改革开放),withthedevelopmentofmodernagriculture(农业),people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatour 可知,因为改革开放,中国的现代农业取得了很大的成就,故答案是D。
【点评】考查阅读理解,本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题,细节理解题一般可知直接在文中找到答案,正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种,也是基于短文内容进行判断的。
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的几个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:
Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday?
Hequicklylearnedtherewasn'tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtoworkitouthimself.Throughlotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.
Cressstartedtheprojectinhishometown–Burlington,Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However,itwouldsavemoney.Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.
Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreandmorerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorsheasksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws.
Plasticpollutionhasbeenoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics.
Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws.
"Focusing(聚焦)onstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,"Cresssays."AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too."
(1)WhendidMiloCressstarttocareabouttheproblemofstraws?
A. Tenyearsago.
B. Intheyear2011.