精编精校卷届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题解析版.docx

精编精校卷届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题解析版.docx

《精编精校卷届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题解析版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《精编精校卷届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题解析版.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

精编精校卷届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题解析版

2021届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题

第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）

第一节（共15小题:

每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Exercisingregularlynotonlyhelpsyoukeepslim,butalsoimprovesyouroverallhealthandwell-being.Differentexercisesproducedifferentresults,astheyfocusonalternatepartsofthebody.Therearefourbroadexercisecategories:

endurance,strength,flexibility,andbalance.Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype,butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.

Endurance

Enduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.Bydoingenduranceexercises,youareworkingtokeepyourheart,lungs,andblood-flowsystemhealthywhileimprovingyourtotalfitness.Overtimetheseactivitieswillmakeeverydayactivitiesseemeasier.

Strength

Ifyouwanttobuildupyourmuscles,thenstrengthexercises,whicharealsoknownas"resistancetraining",arerightforyou.Eventheslightestincreaseinstrengthcanmakeahugedifferenceinyourabilitytocarryoutdailytasks.Developingstrongmusclesalsoreducesyourriskofweakbones.

Flexibility

Flexibilityexerciseshelpstretchyourbody'smuscles.Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.Also,itreducesthemuscletensioncausedbystress.

Balance

Balanceexerciseshelppreventfallsandareespeciallyimportanttoolderadults,helpingthemstayindependent.Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.Heel-to-toewalkingandstandingononefootaresimplewaystoimprovebalance.

1.Howcanapersonbenefitmostfromtheirexerciseroutine?

A.Bycombiningdifferentexercisetypestogether.

B.Byhavingsufficientrestbetweentheirworkouts

C.Byconcentratingononetrainingaspectatatime.

D.Byincreasingthefrequencyoftheirtraininggradually.

2.Whichexercisetypesaremostusefultoimproveaperson'sbreathingfunction?

A.StrengthandBalance.B.FlexibilityandBalance.

C.EnduranceandStrength.D.EnduranceandFlexibility.

3.Whichpartofthebodyplaysthemostimportantroleinbalance-relatedexercises?

A.Arms.B.Legs.C.Waist.D.Neck.

【答案】1.A2.D3.B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇应用文。

主要介绍了可以产生更好的效果并减少受伤风险的四种锻炼。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Manypeopleoftenonlyfocusononeexercisetype,butincludingallfourinyourworkoutwillproducebetterresultsandreduceyourriskofinjury.”（许多人通常只专注于一种锻炼类型，但是将所有四种锻炼都包括在内会产生更好的效果并减少受伤的风险）可知，通过将不同的运动类型组合在一起，可以让一个人从日常锻炼中受益最大。

故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第二段中“Enduranceexercisesincreaseyourbreathingandheartrate.”（耐力运动可提高你的呼吸和心率）以及第四段中“Thisallowsformorefreedomofmovementforotherexercisesandcanalsoimproveyourrangeofmotion,posture,abilitytobreathedeeply,andbloodflow.”（这样可以为其他运动提供更大的运动自由度，还可以改善你的运动范围，姿势，深呼吸能力和血液流动）可知，耐力和柔韧性锻炼对改善呼吸功能最有用。

故选D项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“Mostgoodbalanceexercisesareonesthatkeepyouconstantlymovingwithyourfeetontheground.”（大多数好的平衡练习都是让你脚踩在地上不停地运动）可知，腿在平衡锻炼中起主要作用。

故选B项。

【点睛】

B

ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.

Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes,Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.

Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.

Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:

“Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?

A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.

B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.

C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.

D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.

5.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inparagraph3refersto_______.

A.thediscoveryofmicrobes.B.Pasteur'stheoryofdisease.

C.Leeuwenhoek'scontribution.D.theoriginofthetinyorganism.

6.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?

A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.

B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.

C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.

D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress

7.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?

a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.

b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.

c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.

d.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.

e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.

A.a-d-c-e-b.B.d-a-c-e-b.C.a-d-c-b-e.D.d-a-e-b-c.

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了AntonivanLeeuwenhoek制作显微镜的过程以及Leeuwenhoek在观察微生物方面取得的贡献和他本人对自己贡献的看法。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段中“ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.（微生物学的历史始于一位名叫AntonivanLeeuwenhoek的荷兰制布师，他没有受过正规的科学教育。

17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜）”以及“Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.（列文虎克从牙齿间取出一些菌斑，并用透镜检查后，他发现了微小的扭曲生物，他称之为“微生物”）”可知，Leeuwenhoek是一个好奇的业余爱好者，他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。

故选B。

【5题详解】

词义猜测题。

根据画线词上文“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家LouisPasteur提出了他的“疾病理论”。

这一概念认为，疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击和削弱身体。

巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内的传染病。

所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性工作的结果）”以及下一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述自己对科学的贡献）”可知，Leeuwenhoek的发现对后来的疾病理论取得了重要的突破，而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。

即画线词指的是“Leeuwenhoek的贡献”。

故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。

根据最后一段中“Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.（因此，每当我发现任何值得注意的事情时，我都认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上，以便让科学界知道）”可推知，引用的Leeuwenhoek信中的话表明他相信分享知识是科学进步的关键。

故选D。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.（17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜。

他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍）”可知，a“制造了放大镜”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhoek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来”排在第二，故排除B、D选项；根据第二段中“Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.（他在池塘水、雨水和人类血液的样本中发现了不同的微生物）”可知c“在水的样本中发现了微生物”排在第三；根据最后一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献）”可知，e“Leeuwenhoek解释了他对自己的贡献的看法”排第四；以及第三段中“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.（近200年后，列文虎克对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家巴斯德发展了他的“疾病理论”）”可知，b“提出了疾病理论”排第五。

可知，事件的正确顺序是a-d-c-e-b。

故选A。

C

Around200B.C,Aristophanes,anancientGreeklibrarian,developedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread.Beforethis,wordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewords.Todayinmanylanguages—includingEnglish-thereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstops,commasandothertextmarks.However,somebelievethisischanging.DrRobertFrost,whostudieslanguage,sayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuationsymbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthem.So,ispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome?

Yes—punctuationisimportant

Punctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclear.Ifaparentmessagedtosay,“It'stimetoeat,children,”thisisdifferentfrom“It'stimetoeatchildren”.Thesecondsentenc