新世纪实用英语写作第三章.docx

新世纪实用英语写作第三章.docx

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新世纪实用英语写作第三章

徐州工程学院教案

年至年第学期第周星期

课题名称（含教材章节）Chapter3EnglishParagraphDevelopment

教学目的和要求：

1.graspthemethodsofEnglishParagraphDevelopment;

2.masterthecontentsindetail;

4.conductaseriesofwritingactivitieswithseveralmethodscombinedforparagraphdevelopment.

教学重点：

themethodsofEnglishParagraphDevelopment

DescriptionDefinitionExamplesandIllustrations

Division&ClassificationComparison&ContrastCause&Effect

ArgumentationFigures&StatisticsQuotation

CombinationofMethods

教学难点：

Examples&Illustrations

·GeneraltoParticularorViceVersa

·EnumerationorExtension

Division&Classification

·Division

·Classification

Comparison&Contrast

·Point-by-PointStyle

·BlockStyle

Argumentation

·Induction

·Deduction

CombinationofMethods

教学内容（要点）

FirstandSecondPeriod

（Section1—Section5）

I.TeachingObjective

1.getfamiliarwiththemethodsofEnglishParagraphDevelopment:

Description;Definition;ExamplesandIllustrations;Division&Classification;

Comparison&Contrast.

2.writeaseriesofparagraphswithpropermethods.

II.TeachingApproach

Communicativeapproach;task-basedteachingapproach

III.TeachingAids

themultimedia

IV.TeachingProcedure

1.Greetings

-（Hello,iseverybodyhere?

Howareyou?

Howaboutyourweekend?

）

-Soclassbegins.Goodmorning,LadiesandGentlemen!

2.Leadingin

-InthischapterwewilltalkaboutatopicofEnglishParagraphDevelopment,tobetterunderstandit,thisclasswecometothemethodsfirst,andthentheresttimewouldbeusedtogetfamiliarwiththem.

3.QuestionsandAnswers

-Iwonderifyouhavepreviewedthechapter,ifnot,severalminutesaregiventoyoutoscanandthenpleasespeakthemout.

4.TeachingContent

ContentsinDetails

Description描述

·DescriptionofanObjectorEvent

·DescriptionofaProcessorProcedure

Definition定义

·Single-SentenceDefinition

·ExtendedDefinition

Examples&Illustrations例证

·GeneraltoParticularorViceVersa

·EnumerationorExtension

Division&Classification划分与分类

·Division

·Classification

Comparison&Contrast比较与对照

·Point-by-PointStyle

·BlockStyle

Cause&Effect因果关系

·ACausetoMultipleEffects/MultipleCausestoanEffect

·BlockOrganization/ChainOrganization

Argumentation论证

·Induction

·Deduction

Figures&Statistics图表数据

·Statistics

·Times

Quotation引证

·Direct&Indirect

·Proverbs

CombinationofMethods综合法

Section1Description

Description描述

·DescriptionofanObjectorEvent

·DescriptionofaProcessorProcedure

1.DescriptionofanObjectorEvent

用于描写人物、事物、地点，这种描述告诉读者客观事物的状态，有时用来辅助解说、议论或叙述。

SampleWriting:

VitaminB12isnecessaryforthenormaldevelopmentofredbloodcells,andthefunctioningofallcells,particularlyinthebonemarrow,nervoussystem,andintestines.Adeficiencycausesperniciousanemia,andifthedeficiencyisprolonged,adegenerationofthespinalcordoccurs.Abundantsourcesare:

organmeats,leanmeats,fish,milk,eggs,andshellfish.B12isnotpresenttoanymeasurabledegreeinplants,whichmeansthatstrictvegetariansshouldsupplementtheirdietswiththisvitamin.

本段描述了维他命12。

2.DescriptionofaProcessorProcedure

根据事情发生的先后顺序、应该遵循的程序或步骤逐步描述。

这种段落扩展方法也称为“howtoparagraph”或“processparagraph”，常为科技文章所采用，主要描述实验、生产、操作和制造等具体清晰的过程。

SampleWriting:

Language,likeanyotheraspectoflifeandhumanbehavior,changesfromonegenerationtothe

next.Aschildrenwelearnourfirstornativelanguagefromourparents.Itisthenmodifiedthroughassociationwithplaymates,wholearnedtheirlanguagefromtheirelders.Thislearningprocessisheightenedandextendedinschool.Inadulthoodourlanguageattainsrelativestability.Itreflectsoureducation,ouroccupation,ourpersonalinterestsandcontacts—inshort,ourtotalenvironment.Bythistime,however,wearealreadyconveyingthelanguagetoourchildren,andtheprocessbeginsanewcycle.Thehistoryofalanguageisanaccountofwhathashappenedtoitinthecourseofitscontinuoustransmissionfromonegenerationtoanother.

本段运用一般现在时、以时间顺序叙述了人类的语言习得过程。

Classactivity:

HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness

1）Makesureyouwanttodoit

2）Researchthefield,gatherinformation

---talktoexperts---read

---checkoutcompetition---domarketresearch

3）Plan

---getexpertsforboardofdirectors---budget

4）Hiregoodpeople

---listentothem---encouragetheirprofessionaldevelopment

5）Getmoreinformation

---classes---consultants

HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness（Sample）

Firstmakesureyoureallywanttostartyourownbusiness,becauseittakesalotoftime.

Onceyouaredeterminedtodoit,youneedtoresearchthefield.Thisincludesmakingsurenooneelseisdoingexactlythesamethinginyourarea.Findouthowmuchneedthereisforyourkindofservice,locatethecustomers,andfindoutwhatkindofservicestheywant.You’llwanttotalktoexperts,potentialcustomers,andpotentialsuppliers,andyou’llwanttodoalotofreading.

Thenyouneedtoplan.Makesureyouhaveexpertsonyourboardofdirectors.Makeupcarefulbudgetsandplanforeverything,eventhenumberofpaperclips.

Anessentialishiringsmartpeople.Youcanlearnagreatdealfromthem.Youshouldalsoencouragethemtocontinuetogrowprofessionallybylettingthemattendseminarsanddevelopmentcourses.

Payattentiontoyourowntrainingtoo.Takecoursesinbusinessadministration,ifpossible.It’snotonlyagoodwaytolearn,it’salsoagoodwaytomakecontacts.Peopleyoumeetinyourcoursescouldbecomeyourconsultants.Attimesyouwillwanttohireconsultantstohelpyousolveproblemsortogiveyouandyourstaffseminarsonparticularissues.

Section2Definition

Definition定义

·Single-SentenceDefinition

·ExtendedDefinition

Samplewriting:

a.TheInternetisavastsystemofnetworkslinkingmillionsofcomputers.Becauseofitssizeanddiversity,theInternetenablespeoplefromallovertheworldtoshareinformationandtocommunicatewithoneanother.TheInternetisanenormousresearchresource.OntheInternetyouwillfindnewsgroupsandListservs,andyoucancommunicatewithyourinstructorandclassmatesviaelectronicmailorsearchtheonlinecatalogsofotherlibraries.YouwillalsobeabletoconnecttotheWorldWideWeb,whichcontainstextaswellaspicturesandsound.TheInternetgivesyouaccesstoaworldofinformation—business,associations,researchorganizations,collegesanduniversities,theUSgovernment,communityorganizations,andevenindividuals—thatyoucanuseinyourresearchandinyourdailylife.

在这段文字中，作者先给Internet一个简短的定义，接着又对其做了较详细的解释，使读者对Internet的功能、特点和在现代社会中所起的作用有了比较清晰的认识。

b.Linguisticsisthehumanisticdisciplinethatcomesclosesttobeingascienceinthegenerallyacceptedsenseoftheword.Partlythisisbecausehumanlanguage,thesubjectmatteroflinguistics,isalmostentirelyacquiredsubconsciously:

itisamassiveandintricatestructurethatisfreetodevelopinaccordancewithnaturalratherthanwithconsciouslydeterminedsociallaws.Thegoaloflinguisticscienceistodiscoverthenaturetheseslawsandthustogainacrucialinsightintothehumanmind.

这段文字里作者给语言学下了一个定义。

Classactivity:

Pleasewriteanexpandeddefinitionofe-mail,includingitsfunctionsandfeatures.

Section3ExamplesandIllustrations

Examples&Illustrations例证

·GeneraltoParticularorViceVersa

·EnumerationorExtension

Samplewriting:

RainForests

Onemajorvalueofrainforestsisbiomedical.Theplantsandanimalsofrainforestsarethesourceofmanycompoundsusedintoday’smedicines.AdrugthathelpstreatParkinson’sdiseaseismanufacturedfromaplantthatgrowsonlyinSouthAmericanrainforests.Someplantsandinsectsfoundinrainforestscontainchemicalsthatrelievecertainmentaldisorders.Discoveries,however,haveonlybegun.Scientistssaythatrainforestscontainoverathousandplantsthathavegreatanticancerpotential.Todestroylifeformsintheseforestsistodeprivethehumanraceoffurthermedicaladvances.

这个段落通过列举三个具体实例说明南美洲雨林的生物医学价值:

某种植物可提取治疗帕金森病的药材，某些植物和昆虫的体内含有治疗精神疾病的化学物质，另外，有几千种植物含有抗癌药材。

段落最后得出结论：

毁掉雨林就毁掉了人类医学的发展。

LifeintheUSA

BeforeIcametotheUnitedStatedtostudy,Iwasafraid.IheardfrommyfriendsaboutwidespreadcrimeintheUnitedStatesandabouttheunfriendlinessofAmericans.Sincemyarrivalheresixmonthsago,IcansayIhavebeenpleasantlysurprised.Ihavenotfoundcrimeeverywhere,and,whilenotallAmericanshavebeenfriendly,manyofthemhave.Infact,IhavefoundthiscountrytobeassafeandalmostasfriendlyastheoneIleft.Letmegiveyouanexample.Onenighttwoweeksago,Ihadtowalkbacktothedormfromafriend'shouse.Itwasquitelateandthestreetswerelonelyanddeserted.AsIwaswalkingalong,Isawamanwalkingtowardme.Isaidtomyself,"Ohno,thisisit."Butwhenthestrangerfinallygotclosetome,hejustsaid"heyman"andkeptwalking.IrealizedthenthatAmericaisnotasdangerousasIthought.

这个段落是以一个实例说明中心思想的范例。

作者通过亲身的经历，说明了美国并不象人们想象的那样充满了危险。

Classactivity:

Pleasewriteaparagraphaboutonlinechatting,usinganexampletosupportyourtopicsentenceanddeveloptheparagraph.Youmaydeveloptheparagraphfromeithertheadvantageousorthedisadvantageousaspectofonlinechatting.

Section4Division&Classification

Division&Classification划分与分类

·Division

·Classification

Division:

Itmeansbreakingasubjectintoseveralcomponentparts.

Classification:

Itmeansgroupingindividualtermsintocategories.

Samplewriting:

ClimateZones

ThemostcommonlyusedformoftheKöppenclassificationha