大学英语六级模拟阅读.docx

大学英语六级模拟阅读.docx

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大学英语六级模拟阅读

CET6模拟阅读练习

（A）

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise，market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen，strivingtomakeprofits，producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen；andtheprofitmotive，operatingundercompetitivepressures，largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus，intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers，coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

　　Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy，thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem，aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand，thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If，ontheotherhand，producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost，thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers，whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus，priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaeconomicsystem.

　　Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualareallowedtoownproductiveresources（privateproperty），andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor，gaincontrolovernaturalresources，andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy，theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights，includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

　　1.InPara.1，“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”means___.

　　A.Americansneverfeelsatisfiedwiththeirincomes.

　　B.Americanstendtooverstatetheamountoftheirincomes.

　　C.Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased.

　　D.Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes.

　　2.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphclaritytheideatousthat___.

　　A.producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction.

　　B.consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers.

　　C.producersdecidethepricesofproducts.

　　D.supplyanddemandregulateprices.

　　3.Theword“embraces”inPara.3probablyparallels___.

　　A.enfold

　　B.hug

　　C.comprehend

　　D.support

　　4.Accordingtothepassage，aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby___.

　　A.privatepropertyandrightsconcerned.

　　B.manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol.

　　C.ownershipofproductiveresources

　　D.freecontractsandprices.

　　5.Thepassageismainlytalkingabout___.

　　A.howAmericangoodsareproduced.

　　B.howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods.

　　C.howAmericaneconomicsystemworks.

　　D.howAmericanbusinessmanmaketheirprofits.

　　答案：

DDCAC

（B）

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem，theadministeredsystem，andthetraditionalsystem.

　　Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket，transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy，realgoodssuchasautomobiles，shoes，andpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously，findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence，theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy，goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

　　Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced，exchanged，andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan，drawnupbythegovernment，showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction，consumption，andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.

　　Inatraditionalsociety，productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition；everyperson‘splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage，religion，andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition，too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons，providethemwithfoodandshelter，carefortheirhealth，andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly，inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone，progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

　　1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？

　　A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.

　　B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

　　C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

　　D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

　　2.Inthesecondparagraph，theword“real”in“realgoods”couldbestbereplacedby___，

　　A.highquality

　　B.concrete

　　C.utter

　　D.authentic.

　　3.Accordingtothepassage，abartereconomycangenerate___.

　　A.rapidspeedoftransactions.

　　B.misunderstandings.

　　C.inflation

　　D.difficultiesforthetraders.

　　4.Accordingtothepassage，whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolintheadministeredsystem？

　　A.Individualhouseholds

　　B.Smallbusinesses.

　　C.Majorcorporations.

　　D.Thegovernment.

　　5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedbytheauthorasacriterionfordeterminingaperson‘spositioninatraditionalsociety？

　　A.Familybackground

　　B.Age

　　C.Religiousbeliefs.

　　D.Custom

　　答案：

ABDDB

（C）

WesternairlinermanufacturersseemtobetrippingoverthemselvesintheireagernesstosigncollaborativeagreementswithAsianpartnersasalow-costroutetodevelopingnewairliners.TheirpotentialAsianpartnersseemtobetrippingoverthemselvestosignsuchagreements，asalow-costroutetoacquiringnewairlinertechnology.Iftheyarenotcarefulthetwosideswillenduptrippingovereachother：

theonebysellingitsbirth-rightforshort-termgain，theotherbytryingtobreakintoamarketwhichisn‘tbigenoughtosustainit.

　　Technologytransferworksinagrowingmarket，wheretheaspirationsofthenewentrantreceivingthattechnologycanbemetthroughexpansion.Theairlinermarketisnotsuchadevice.

　　Eventhemostoptimisticprojectionsofairlinersalesforthenext20yearsshowthatairlinermanufacturecanonlybeprofitableifasmallnumberofaircraftbuilderssharetheavailablesales.Itfollowsthatifnewmanufacturerscomeintothemarketandtakesales，theirsalesmustcomefromsubstitution，notexpansion.

　　Giventhecomplexityoftoday‘sairliners，itisunlikelythatanynewentrantwillhaveboththefinancialandtechnicalresourcestocomeintothemarketwithouttheinvolvementofanestablishedmanufacturer.Intheshortterm，suchinvolvementmaynotbetotheexclusivebenefitofthenewentrant：

mostoftheestablishedmanufacturersaresearchingforwaystoreducecostsofmanufacture.

　　Intheshortterm，，itcanbeofbenefittoanestablishedWesternmanufacturertohaveeithercomponentsofcompleteair–framesmadeorassembledinlower-wageeconomicssuchaChina，TaiwanorKorea，whileretainingthedesign，developmentandmarketingofaircraftforitself.ItwouldbeaveryunwiseWesternmanufacturerwhichdidnotheedthefactthatthesedevelopingeconomiesareacquiringskills（likecomputing）atleastasquicklyastheyareacquiringskillsinmetallbashing.

　　ThedangercomeswhenthenewentrantnolongerneedstheestablishedWesternpartnerbecauseithasacquiredthetechnicalandintellectualabilitytodesignandbuilditsownaircraft.AnAsianpartnermaywellfinditselfinthehappypositionofhavingthelow-costlabourbase，thehigh-costtechnologybaseandthevitalfinancialbasetobuildanewairliner.

　　1.Theauthor‘sattitudetowardsWestern/easterncollaborationcanbedepictedas________.

　　A.positiveB.progressiveC.conservativeD.negative

　　2.“Theairlinermarketisnotsuchadevice”meansthattheairlinermarket_______.

　　A.doesnotencouragetechnologytransfer

　　B.istoolimitedtoofferchancesofsuccess

　　C.requireshi-techratherthanunaccepteddevices

　　D.isfullofcompetitionsevenfornewentrants

　　3.Establishedmanufacturerssearchforpartnersinorderto_______.

　　A.savethecostoftheairframeB.improvesomeaircraftcomponents

　　C.savethecostoflabourD.developnewtechnology

　　4.Accordingtotheauthor，awiseestablishedmanufacturershould______.

　　A.trytobenefitfrombothfinancialandtechnicalresources

　　B.breakuphispartnershipwiththeEastonceprofitsaremade

　　C.keepatighttoldoverhi-techdevelopmentandmarketingofairliners

　　D.collaboratewithAsianpartnersforashorttime

　　5.Theword“base”inthelastparagraphrepresents_______.

　　A.aproductionplace

　　B.theinitialoperationofbuildingaircraft

　　C.aresearchinstitute

　　D.apositionwheretostartbuilding

　　答案：

CDADA

（D）

Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar？

Warisanancientinstitution，whichhasexistedforatleastsixthous