集装箱码头泊位分配外文文献翻译.docx

集装箱码头泊位分配外文文献翻译.docx

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集装箱码头泊位分配外文文献翻译

文献出处：

Bierwirth,Christian,andFrankMeisel."Afollow-upsurveyofberthallocationandquaycraneschedulingproblemsincontainerterminals." EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch （2014）.

原文

Afollow-upsurveyofberthallocationandquaycraneschedulingproblemsincontainerterminals

Bierwirth；Christian；Meisel.

Berthallocationproblems

Scopeandclassificationscheme

Inberthallocationproblems,wearegivenaberthlayouttogetherwithasetofvesselsthathavetobeservedwithinaplanninghorizon.Thevesselsmustbemooredwithintheboundariesofthequayandcannotoccupythesamequayspaceatatime.Inthebasicoptimizationproblem,berthingpositionsandberthingtimeshavetobeassignedtoallvessels,suchthatagivenobjectivefunctionisoptimized.Avarietyofoptimizationmodelsforberthallocationhavebeenproposedintheliteraturetocapturerealfeaturesofpracticalproblems.In BierwirthandMeisel（2010）,wehaveproposedaschemeforclassifyingsuchmodelsaccordingtofourattributes,namelya spatialattribute,a temporalattribute,a handlingtimeattribute,andthe performancemeasure addressedintheoptimization.Thevalueseachattributecantakearelistedin Fig.1

2.1.1.Spatialattribute

Thisattributeconcernstheberthlayout,whichiseitheradiscretelayout（disc）,acontinuouslayout（cont）,orahybridlayout（hybr）.Incaseof disc,thequayispartitionedintoberthsandonlyonevesselcanbeservedateachsingleberthatatime.Incaseof cont,vesselscanberthatarbitrarypositionswithintheboundariesofthequay.Finally,incase hybr,thequayispartitionedintoberths,butvesselsmayshareaberthoronevesselmayoccupymorethanoneberth.Aparticularformofahybridberthisanindentedberthwherelargevesselscanbeservedfromtwooppositelylocatedberths.Thespatialattributeisextendedbyitem draft,iftheBAP-approachadditionallyconsidersavessel’sdraftwhendecidingonitsberthingposition.

2.1.2.Temporalattribute

Thisattributedescribesthearrivalprocessofvessels.Theattributereflectsstaticarrivals（stat）,dynamicarrivals（dyn）,cyclicarrivals（cycl）,andstochasticarrivaltimes（stoch）.Incaseof stat,weassumethatallvesselshavearrivedattheportandwaitforbeingserved.Incontrast,incaseof dyn,thevesselsarriveatindividualbutdeterministicarrivaltimesimposingaconstraintfortheberthallocation.Incase cycl,thevesselscallatterminalsrepeatedlyinfixedtimeintervalsaccordingtotheirlinerschedules.Incase stoch,thearrivaltimesofvesselsarestochasticparameterseitherdefinedbycontinuousrandomdistributionsorbyscenarioswithdiscreteprobabilityofoccurrence.Cyclicandstochasticarrivaltimesareconsideredinanumberofrecentpublicationsand,therefore,wehaveextendedtheoriginalclassificationschemewithregardtothesecases.Thetemporalattributeiscompletedbyvalue due,ifaduedateispresetforthedepartureofavesselorifamaximumwaitingtimeispresetforavesselbeforetheservicehastostart.

Temporalattribute

Thisattributedescribesthearrivalprocessofvessels.Theattributereflectsstaticarrivals（stat）,dynamicarrivals（dyn）,cyclicarrivals（cycl）,andstochasticarrivaltimes（stoch）.Incaseof stat,weassumethatallvesselshavearrivedattheportandwaitforbeingserved.Incontrast,incaseof dyn,thevesselsarriveatindividualbutdeterministicarrivaltimesimposingaconstraintfortheberthallocation.Incase cycl,thevesselscallatterminalsrepeatedlyinfixedtimeintervalsaccordingtotheirlinerschedules.Incase stoch,thearrivaltimesofvesselsarestochasticparameterseitherdefinedbycontinuousrandomdistributionsorbyscenarioswithdiscreteprobabilityofoccurrence.Cyclicandstochasticarrivaltimesareconsideredinanumberofrecentpublicationsand,therefore,wehaveextendedtheoriginalclassificationschemewithregardtothesecases.Thetemporalattributeiscompletedbyvalue due,ifaduedateispresetforthedepartureofavesselorifamaximumwaitingtimeispresetforavesselbeforetheservicehastostart.

Handlingtimeattribute

Thisattributedescribesthewayhowhandlingtimesofvesselsaregivenasaninputtotheproblem.Ittakesvalue fix,ifthehandlingtimesofvesselsareknownandconsideredunchangeable.Value pos indicatesthathandlingtimesdependontheberthingpositionsofvesselsandvalue QCAP indicatesthathandlingtimesaredeterminedbyincludingQCassignmentdecisionsintotheBAP.Incaseofvalue QCSP,thehandlingtimesaredeterminedbyincorporatingtheQCschedulingwithintheBAP.Inordertoclassifytherecentliteratureproperly,wehaveinsertedcase stoch asanewattributeforthescheme.Again,handlingtimescanbesubjecttoeitherdiscreteorcontinuousrandomdistributions.Asimilarextensionofourschemeisalsosuggestedby Carloet al.（2013）,whoalsoopenittofurthersourcesofinfluenceonvesselhandlingtimes,likeoperationsoftransfervehiclesandyardcranes.However,aswehardlyfindinstantiationsofthesecasesintheliterature,werefrainfromextendingtheschemeinfurtherdirections.

Performancemeasure

Thisattributeconsiderstheperformancemeasuresofaberthallocationmodel.Mostmodelsconsidertominimizetheportstaytimeofvessels.Thisisreachedbydifferentobjectivefunctions,e.g.whenminimizingwaitingtimesbeforeberthing（wait）,minimizinghandlingtimesofvessels（hand）,minimizingservicecompletiontimes（compl）,orminimizingtardyvesseldepartures（tard）.Ifsoftarrivaltimesaregiven,alsoapossiblespeedupofvessels（speed）istakenintoconsiderationattheexpenseofadditionalbunkercost.Othermodelsaimatreducingthevariableoperationcostofaterminalbyoptimizingtheutilizationofresources（res）likecranes,vehicles,berthspace,andmanpower.Anoftenconsideredfeatureistosavehorizontaltransportcapacitybyfindingberthingpositionsforvesselsclosetotheyard,whichiswhyweincludethisgoalbyitsownvalue pos.Rarelymetperformancemeasuresaresummarizedbyvalue misc（miscellaneous）.Theintroducedmeasuresareeithersummedupforallvesselsintheobjectivefunction.Alternatively,iftheminimizationofthemeasurefortheworstperformingvesselispursued,i.e.amin–maxobjectiveisfaced.Vessel-specificprioritiesorcostratesareshownbyweights.Differentweights w1 to w4 addresscombinedperformancemeasures.

Literatureoverview

Intherelevantliterature,wehavefoundandclassified79newmodelsforberthallocation,mostofthempublishedafter2009. Fig.2 showstheBAPmodelsdevelopedbyresearcherssince1994byyearoftheirpublication,includingalsothoseapproachesreviewedin BierwirthandMeisel（2010）.Thefigureshowsthattheinterestinberthallocationstartedwiththeearlypapersof Hoffarth（1994） and Imai,Nagaiwa,andTat（1997）.However,thegrowthofpublicationsfollowedthepioneeringpaperof ParkandKim（2003）,whocombinedberthallocationandQCassignmentforthefirsttime,andtheearlysurveyoncontainerterminaloperationsby Steenkenet al.（2004）.Inparticular,journalpublicationsscaleduptotenandmoreperyearafter2010.Tothemidof2014,already13newjournalpapershavebeenpublishedoracceptedforpublication.Thecontinuouseffortspendonresearchinberthallocationconfirmsitasawell-establishedfieldtoday,whichstillshowspotentialforfutureresearch.

With Table1,wealsoprovideanoverviewofthemethodsthatareusedforsolvingtheBAPmodels.Notethatonlythemostsuccessfulmethodpresentedinapaperappearsinthetable.ItisnotsurprisingthatheuristicapproachesdominateastheBAPisknowntobe NP-hardinboth,thediscreteandthecontinuouscase,seee.g. Lim（1998） and HansenandOǧuz（2003）.Exactmethodsareappliedinonlyonefourthoftheapproaches,rangingfromMILPformulationscombinedwithstandardsolverstohighlysophisticatedbranching-basedalgorithms.Amongtheheuristicapproaches,GeneticAlgorithmsandEvolutionaryAlgorithmstakethebyfarlargestsharewith40percent,see Fig.3（left）.Therestofthemethodscompriseothermeta-heuristicslikeTabuSearchandSimulatedAnnealingaswellasproblemspecificheuristicslikelocalsearchtechniquesandgreedyrules.TherichnessofBAPmodelsfavorsmeta-heuristicapproachesastheyallowhandlingvariousproblemfeaturesflexibly.Ontheotherhand,asystematicevaluationofalgorithmsishinderedbythestrongheterogeneityofBAPmodels.Althoughcomparingmodelsisdefinitelynecessaryforassessingthesuitabilityofmethods,thecomparisonofalternativemodelsformulatedbydifferentresearchgroupsisjustemergingslowly,see Buhrkal,Zuglian,Ropke,Larsen,andLusby（2011）,Umang,Bierlaire,andVacca（2013）,and Imai,Nishimura,andPapadimitriou（2013）.Tomakethisprocesssustainable,commonlyacceptedBAPbenchmarkinstancesareneededtoprovideauthorswiththeopportunitytoevaluatetheirwork.However,thecurrentbenchmarksareeithernotgeneralenoughtofulfillthisaimortheyaremerelyusedinsmallsubstreamsoftheentireresearchfield.Definingbenchmarkproblemsforgeneralberthallocationproblemsthatfulfilltheprinciplesofcomparability,unbiasedness,andreproducibilityremainsanopentopicforfutureresearch.

Inthefollowing,weabstainfromreviewingallpaperslistedin Table1 individually.Instead,thenextsubsectiondiscussesthosepapersinmoredetailthatcontainnovelfeaturesofwhichwethinktheymightreceiveparticularattentioninthefuture.

Newdevelopments

Newtechnologicaldevelopmentsthatimpacttheberthallocationprobleminc