同义词辨析.docx

同义词辨析.docx

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同义词辨析

专升本英语常见易混易错同义词辨析与精练

1.clothes,cloth,clothing

　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

　incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

　amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

　home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

　sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

　photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画

Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

　vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.

8.population,people

　population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

　weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

　road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径

　takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

　course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse

12.custom,habit

　custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

　cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

　exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习

Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

　作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class5

16.speech,talk,lecture

　speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

　officer部队的军官，officialzf官员anarmyofficer

18.work,job

　二者均指工作。

work不可数，job可数agoodjob

19.couple,pair

　couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers

20.country,nation,state,land

　country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指zf，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

　cook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

　damage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages

23.police,policeman

　police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.

24.problem,question

　problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用

25.man,aman

　man人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

　二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

　当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

　travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行

athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

　sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

　price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low

第一节英语高分作文常用典型句型

一、用于驳斥的比较的常用句型

1.Ingeneral，Idon’tagreewith...

2.Inmyopinion，thispointofviewdoesn’tholdwater.

3.Thechiefreasonwhy...，isthat...

4.Thereisnodoubtthat...

5.Itisnottruethat...

6.Itcanbeeasilydeniedthat...

7.Wehavenoreasontobelievethat...

8.Whatismoreseriousisthat...

9.Butitisapitythat...

10.Besides，weshouldnotneglectthat...

11.Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore....

12.Othersmayfindthistobetrue，butIbelievethat...

13.PerhapsIwillquestionwhy...

14.Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis，butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...

15.Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith...，but...

16.Whatseemstobethetroubleis...

17.Yetdifferenceswillbefound，that’swhyIfeelthat...

18.Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthat...，butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

19.Thereisinfactnoreasonforustobelievethat...

20.Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat...

21.Itisonethingtoinsistthat...，itisquiteanothertoshowthat...

22.WonderfulasAis，however，ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.

23.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanA.

24.AsadvantagesoundsridiculouswhenB，sadvantagesaretakenintoconsideration.

二、用于描写图表和数据的常用句型

1.Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof1998.

2.Thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.

3.Ithasbeenincreasedbyafactorof4since1995.

4.Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.

5.Thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.

6.Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.

7.Thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.

8.Itrosefrom10-15percentofthetotalthisyear.

9.Comparedwith1997，itfellfrom15to10percent.

10.Thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.

11.Ithasdecreasedalmosttwoandhalftimes，comparedwith...

三、解释原因、分析影响的常用句型及例句说

1.Everybodyknowsthat..

2.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...

3.Itistruethat...

4.Noonecandenythat...

5.Onethingwhichisequallyimportanttotheabovementionedis...

6.Thechiefreasonisthat...

7.Wemustrecognizethat...

8.Thereisnodoubtthat...

9.Iamoftheopinionthat...

10.Thiscanbeexpressedasfollows:

11.Totake..，foranexample

12.Wehavereasontobelievethat...

13.Nowthatweknowthat...

14.Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven，oneshouldbementioned...

15.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...

16.Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...，first

second...，finally...

17.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthedevelopmentin...

18.Perhapstheprimaryreasonis...

19.Itischieflyresponsiblefor...

20.Thereasonsfor..，arecomplicated.Andprobablytheyarefoundinthefact...

21.Thereareseveralpossiblereasons，exceptthat...

22.Somebodybelieves/argues/holds/insists/thinksthat...

23.Itisnotsimpletogivethereasonforthiscomplicatedphenomenon...

24.Differentpeopleobservesitindifferentways.

例句说明

1.Therearemany（different/several）reasonsforthischange（decrease/growth）of...Foronething，...Foranother，....，Inaddition，.

例:

Thereareseveralreasonsforhisdecisionofstudyinglaw.Foronething，heisveryinterestedinsocialaffairsanditseemsthebestwaytoenablehimtoengageintheseactivities.Foranother，hisfatherisalawyer，whohasalwaysencouragedhimtodosomethingsimilar.Inaddition，heissurethathecangetajobaftergraduation.

2.Anumberoffactorscontributeto（something/doing）—.

......and...

例:

Anumberoffactorscontributetochangingmoralvalues--self-indulgence，thelackofsocialconsciousnessandthedegenerationofthesocietyitself.

3.Wemay（regard/thinkof/take/consider）the（phenomenon/decrease/development）asa（n）（sign/evidence/symbol）of...，butthetruthisthat...

例：

Wemaytakethechangeasasignofsocialdevelopment，butthetruthisthatitwillonlyleadtosocialcorruption.

4.Theexplanationforthephenomenonof...involvesmany（different/complicated）factors.例:

Theexplanationforthephenomenonoftherisingteenagesuiciderateinvolvesmanycomplicatedfactors.Someattributetherisetoanoveremphasisonearlysuccess，otherspointtomountingpeerpressure，andstillotherstoconfusionoverchangingsocialvalues.

5.Thereasonsfor...aremany，butforthemostpartcenteron...　　例:

Thereasonsforpovertyaremany，butforthemostpartcenteronilliteracy，thelackofopportunitiesandinsomecasespurelaziness.

四、有关文章、段落起始的常用句

I.Withthe（rapidly）growingpopularityofInternetsurfing（computers/cars/mobilephones/pagers/.PDPtelevision/...）inChina，thequalityofourlivesisimprovingforthebetter.

2.Withthe（rapid）growthofoureconomy（heavyindustries/transportationsystem/marketeconomy/population/privateenterprises/housingindustry/...），anincreasingnumberofproblems，suchas（watershortages/trafficjams/industrialpollution/wasteofenergy/desertspreading/...），arebeginningtosurface.

3.Astheproverbsays...（Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.../Generallyspeaking，.../Itisoftensaidthat...）

4.Withthe（rapid）developmentofscienceandtechnology（marketeconomy/electronicindustry/informationindustry/highereducation/...）anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat（knowledgeispower/aweaknationhasnoInternationalprestige/educationisofvitalimportance/...）.

5.Currently，thereisawidespreadconcernoverdrugabuse（highunemploymentrate/wildlifeextinction/environmental

pollution/desertification/organized

crime/widespreadcorruption/energycrisis/watershortages/trafficjams/increasingtrafficaccidents/...）.

6.Itisquiteclearthat（Themisnodoubtthat/Somepeoplebelievethat）..，because...

7.Thereisawidespreadconcernthatmanylargestate-ownedcompaniesareindeficit（quiteafewChinesecitiesfacetheproblemofwatershortages，industrialpollutionandwasteofenergy/variouskindofsuperstitionflareup/...）

8.Thegovernmentis（Weare）seriouslyconcernedwithwildlifeextinction（drugabuse/widespreadcorruption/organizedcrimes/highunemploymentrate/...）.

9.Manypeopleoftenasksuchquestion:

”...’?

（Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealize...）

10.Inthepasttwodecades（Inthepastfiveyears），millionsofprivateenterprises（privateschools/supermarkets/fastfoodrestaurants/...）havemushroomedalloverChina.

11.Inrecentyears，manyChinesefamilieshaveownedcars（computers/mobilephones/videocameras/houses/...）.

12.Recentlytheissueof...hasbeenbroughttopublicattention.（Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernthat.../Nowpeopleingrowingnumberarecomingtorealizethat...）

13.Nowadays，aheateddebate（discussion）abouttheaccessiontoWTO（privatecars/stocks/brain-drain/Chinasfootball/...）isunderwayinChina.

14.Asthemarketeconomy（thelegalsystem/thelivingstandard/thehighereducationsystem/thehighwaynetwork/theinfrastructure/...）improvesinChina，freecompetitionwillincreas