高中英语语法名词性从句.docx
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高中英语语法名词性从句
一.宾语从句的类型:
1.动词宾语从句
引导词:
that,if,whether,who,what,when,where,why,how…….等,大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后。
Ithoughtthathewasveryclever.
2.有些宾语从前有间接宾语。
HetoldmewhatIshoulddo.
Theboyaskedmehowtosolvethisquestion.
3.如果宾从后有宾语补足语,要用形式宾语it,而将从句放在补足语的后面。
Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme.
Ifeltitveryastonishedwhymysondidn’tloveme.
4.将think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后面宾语从句的否定转移到主句中,叫作“否定转移”。
Idon’tbelievethathewillcheatme.
Idon’tthinkthatsheisasingleone.
5.某些动词:
insist,demand,suggest,order,require,request等,宾从要用虚拟语气。
Hedemandedthathe(should)besetfree.
Thedoctorsuggestedthatwe(should)doageneralcheck–up.
6.介词宾语从句
①.一般介词后接wh-连接词;
We’retalkingaboutwhatwedonext.
②.Except,but,besides,表示“除了”的意思,作介词后接that.
Iknownothingaboutherexceptthatsheliveshere.
7.形容词宾语从句
在sure,certain,glad,sorry,happy,afraid,satisfied…..等。
I’mverygladthathehaspassedtheexam.
I’mcertainthathewillpasstheinterviewinweekend.
I’msure之后多接that.I’mnotsure后多接whether/if或wh-从句。
I’msurethathewillcomeandgivemeabirthdaypresent.
I’mnotsurewherehehasgone.
8.动词doubt的肯定用if/whether从句,但否定或疑问要接that从句。
Idoubtwhethertheplanisprefect.
Idon’tdoubtthattheycanfinishthetaskaheadoftime.
二.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
1从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountry
hewasin.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
2从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
3从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdownthewar..
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False:
Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.
Right:
Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.
三.宾语从句的用法
1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外:
(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略
Theclassroomisveryquietbutthattheteacherhasalesson.
(2)and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
Hetoldmethathehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.
2.只用whether,不用if的情况。
①作介词宾语。
Hewasworryingaboutwhetherhehadhurtherfeeling.
②接动词不定式。
Ididn’tknowwhethertoleaveortowait.
③引导的从句可以放在句首。
Whetherhewillcomeornot,I‘mnotsure.
④动词discuss/wonder/doubt后只能用whether.
Wediscusswhetherweshouldclosetheshop.
⑤whether….ornot的固定搭配
Idon’tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.
⑥引导表语从句
Thequestioniswhetherhehasenoughtime.
⑦引导同位语从句。
Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasn’tbeendecidedupon.
四.注意宾语从句的反意疑问句的对应规则:
一、若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(we)think(believe,suppose,consider)+that
从句时,问句部分的助动词和主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。
eg.1.Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,hasn'the?
2.WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,isn'tit?
二、若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(we)don't
think(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的助动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致,用肯定形式。
eg.1.Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit,canyou?
2.Wedon'tbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?
三、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think(believe,suppose,consider)+that
从句时,问句部分的助动词和主语与陈述部分的助动词和主语保持一致。
eg.1.TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,don'tthey?
2.Hedidn'tthinkthatthenewsistrue,didhe?
Wethinkthatwewillwinthegame,won'twe?
.
巩固练习:
1.—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould. (06全国Ⅱ)
A.when B.that C.how D.what
2. Pleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.
A.where B.when C.how D.what (06全国Ⅰ)
3. Marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05全国卷)
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
4.SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________.(2000上海)
A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis
5. ——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.
——Whatdoyouconsider_______toher?
(NMET1990)
A.washappening B.tohappen C.hashappened D.happening
6.Themaninprisoninsistedthathe___nothingwrongand____setfree.
A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbe
C.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen
表语从句
表语从句定义:
在一个复合句中,从句作的是主语的表语成分。
Theproblemispuzzling.
主语+连系动词+形容词作表语——简单句
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise..
主语+连系动词+一个句子作表语---表语从句
连接表语从句的连接词有:
that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
注意A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False:
Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。
False:
Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:
Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:
Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right:
ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:
Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。
WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.
Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.(how充当方式状语)
ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.(what充当宾语)
ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。
(what充当直接宾语)
Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.(why充当原因状语)
注意“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„”
Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.
(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,
Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中because作表语,“这就是为什么„„/因为„„”。
““Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,
Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework。
(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
巩固练习:
[考题1]Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)
A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that
[考题2]Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
[考题3]—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?
(1999)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
[考题4]____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海)
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
[考题5]____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)
A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because
[考题6]—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
同位语从句:
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how 等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)
Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)
We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.
3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.
4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
5. 同位语从句的语气 在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.
巩固练习:
(09江西)1.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though
(09四川)2.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
(09浙江)3.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?
-Noproblem.
A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what
4.
Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.
A.itB.which C.this D.that
主语从句
在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。
二.主语从句主要有三类:
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.
Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.
Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisaamazing.
(2)用连词whether引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分).
Whatyouneedismorepractice.
Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.
(4)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。
)
eg:
Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.
Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadedecision.
三.注意点:
1.it做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末。
例如:
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.
光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。
=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
众所周知光沿直线传播。
Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.
=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.
(当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语。
)
错:
Itisabookwhathewants.
对:
Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是本书。
固定用法和译法
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……
Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息
Itisaquestionthat………是个问题
Itiscommonknowledgethat…