高中英语语法名词性从句.docx

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高中英语语法名词性从句.docx

高中英语语法名词性从句

一.宾语从句的类型:

1.动词宾语从句

引导词:

that,if,whether,who,what,when,where,why,how…….等,大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后。

Ithoughtthathewasveryclever.

2.有些宾语从前有间接宾语。

HetoldmewhatIshoulddo.

Theboyaskedmehowtosolvethisquestion.

3.如果宾从后有宾语补足语,要用形式宾语it,而将从句放在补足语的后面。

Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme.

Ifeltitveryastonishedwhymysondidn’tloveme.

4.将think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后面宾语从句的否定转移到主句中,叫作“否定转移”。

Idon’tbelievethathewillcheatme.

Idon’tthinkthatsheisasingleone.

5.某些动词:

insist,demand,suggest,order,require,request等,宾从要用虚拟语气。

Hedemandedthathe(should)besetfree.

Thedoctorsuggestedthatwe(should)doageneralcheck–up.

6.介词宾语从句

①.一般介词后接wh-连接词;

We’retalkingaboutwhatwedonext.

②.Except,but,besides,表示“除了”的意思,作介词后接that.

Iknownothingaboutherexceptthatsheliveshere.

7.形容词宾语从句

在sure,certain,glad,sorry,happy,afraid,satisfied…..等。

I’mverygladthathehaspassedtheexam.

I’mcertainthathewillpasstheinterviewinweekend.

I’msure之后多接that.I’mnotsure后多接whether/if或wh-从句。

I’msurethathewillcomeandgivemeabirthdaypresent.

I’mnotsurewherehehasgone.

8.动词doubt的肯定用if/whether从句,但否定或疑问要接that从句。

Idoubtwhethertheplanisprefect.

Idon’tdoubtthattheycanfinishthetaskaheadoftime.

二.宾语从句的时态和语序

当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.

当主句为过去时

1从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生

Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountry

hewasin.

HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.

2从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前

HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.

3从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdownthewar..

如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化

Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

False:

Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.

Right:

Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.

三.宾语从句的用法

1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。

但下列情况除外:

(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略

Theclassroomisveryquietbutthattheteacherhasalesson.

(2)and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。

Hetoldmethathehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.

2.只用whether,不用if的情况。

①作介词宾语。

Hewasworryingaboutwhetherhehadhurtherfeeling.

②接动词不定式。

Ididn’tknowwhethertoleaveortowait.

③引导的从句可以放在句首。

Whetherhewillcomeornot,I‘mnotsure.

④动词discuss/wonder/doubt后只能用whether.

Wediscusswhetherweshouldclosetheshop.

⑤whether….ornot的固定搭配

Idon’tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.

⑥引导表语从句

Thequestioniswhetherhehasenoughtime.

⑦引导同位语从句。

Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasn’tbeendecidedupon.

四.注意宾语从句的反意疑问句的对应规则:

一、若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(we)think(believe,suppose,consider)+that

从句时,问句部分的助动词和主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。

eg.1.Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,hasn'the?

2.WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,isn'tit?

二、若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(we)don't

think(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的助动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致,用肯定形式。

eg.1.Idon'tthinkthatyoucandoit,canyou?

2.Wedon'tbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?

三、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think(believe,suppose,consider)+that

从句时,问句部分的助动词和主语与陈述部分的助动词和主语保持一致。

eg.1.TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,don'tthey?

2.Hedidn'tthinkthatthenewsistrue,didhe?

Wethinkthatwewillwinthegame,won'twe?

.

巩固练习:

1.—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?

  —Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould. (06全国Ⅱ)

  A.when    B.that     C.how     D.what

  2. Pleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.

  A.where    B.when     C.how     D.what  (06全国Ⅰ)

  3. Marywroteanarticleon    theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05全国卷)

  A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

  4.SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________.(2000上海)

  A.whoishe   B.whoheis  C.whoisit  D.whoitis

  5. ——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.

  ——Whatdoyouconsider_______toher?

(NMET1990)

A.washappening   B.tohappen  C.hashappened  D.happening

6.Themaninprisoninsistedthathe___nothingwrongand____setfree.

A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbe

C.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen

 

表语从句

表语从句定义:

在一个复合句中,从句作的是主语的表语成分。

Theproblemispuzzling.

主语+连系动词+形容词作表语——简单句

Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise..

主语+连系动词+一个句子作表语---表语从句

连接表语从句的连接词有:

that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等

Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.

ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.

Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.

Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.

注意A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

False:

Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.

Right:

Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.

B不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。

False:

Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.

Right:

Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.

Right:

Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.

C不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Right:

ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.

Right:

Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.

Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。

WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.

Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.(how充当方式状语)

ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.(what充当宾语)

ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。

(what充当直接宾语)

Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.(why充当原因状语)

注意“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„”

Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.

(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,

Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree。

(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中because作表语,“这就是为什么„„/因为„„”。

““Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,

Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework。

(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)

Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。

(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)

巩固练习:

[考题1]Thetraditionalviewis____wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海)

A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that

[考题2]Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.(2004)

A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how

[考题3]—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

(1999)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

[考题4]____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(2000上海)

A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that

[考题5]____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)

A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because

[考题6]—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?

—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春)

A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout

C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited

同位语从句:

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how 等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。

Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.

1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。

(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)

Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.

  

2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。

(if不能引导同位语从句)

We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.

 

3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.

4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。

如:

Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.  

5. 同位语从句的语气     在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。

  

 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.

巩固练习:

(09江西)1.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though

(09四川)2.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where

(09浙江)3.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?

-Noproblem.

A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what

4.

Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.

A.itB.which  C.this  D.that

主语从句

在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。

 

二.主语从句主要有三类:

(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:

引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。

Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.

Thatyouaresoindifferentbothersme.

Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisaamazing.

(2)用连词whether引导的主语从句:

whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。

Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.

(3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分).

Whatyouneedismorepractice.

Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.

(4)用连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。

eg:

Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.

Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadedecision.

三.注意点:

1.it做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末。

例如:

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。

=Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.

众所周知光沿直线传播。

Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.

=Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff.

(当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语。

错:

Itisabookwhathewants.

对:

Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是本书。

固定用法和译法

(1)Itis+名词+从句

Itisafactthat…事实是……

Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息

Itisaquestionthat………是个问题

Itiscommonknowledgethat…

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