英语二轮复习周本强讲稿.docx

英语二轮复习周本强讲稿.docx

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英语二轮复习周本强讲稿

英语阅读理解与书面表达

武汉外国语学校

周本强

阅读理解

高考阅读题的文章主要五种Fivecommontypesofcompositions

描写文Description（Descriptivewriting）

记述文Narration（Narrativewriting）

说明文Exposition（Expositivewriting）

议论文Argumentation（Argumentativewriting）

应用文PracticalWriting

阅读题中常见的五种问题Fivetypesofpassagequestions

主旨大意题Mainideaquestions

作者态度题Attitudequestions

判断题Inferencequestions

意思替换题Meaningmatchingquestions

故事细节题Detailquestions

1．应对主旨大意题Mainideaquestions的两种方法（请对照中英文研究）

（1）区别topic、mainidea和title等词的词义，才能看出它们语言表达的不同。

1.Themainideaofthispassageis.

2.Thepassageismainlyabout.

3.Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydealwith?

4.Whatisthemainidea/topic/subject/point/theme/purposeofthispassage?

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis.

6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

7.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

8．Thetitlethatbestexpresses/statestheideaofthepassageis.

Analysis:

Questionsorstatements1—8arecalledmainideaquestions.Normally,studentsattendingNMETarealwaysconfusedbythesequestions.Theyoftenfailtomakeitveryclearwhat’sthedifferenceamong“topic,subject,mainideaandtitleofthepassage,andwhatlanguageexpressionscanbeexactlyusedtorepresenttheirmeanings.

Inmyopinion,thesewordsarealittledifferentinmeaning,sodifferingthesemutualrelatedlanguageexpressionsisquitehelpfulforustodecidethechoicesamongA,B,C,D.

请看这几个词的意义和用途

Topic

Atopicisthesubjectofaspeech,anessay.Itiswhatthearticleorthewriterwantstotalkordiscussabout.

Title

Atitleisanidentifyingnamegiventoabook,film,play,compositionorotherwork.

Mainidea（controllingideaorcentralthought）

Mainideaisthethesisgivenbythewriterbeforewriting.Itmustbecarriedoutthoughthewholecompositionanditcontrolsthedevelopmentofwriting.Itisthecentralthoughtwhichconsistsofmainideasofeachparagraph.

Analysis:

Topic,titleandmainideaabovearedifferentinfunctions,andalsodifferentinlanguageexpressions.Readthefollowingpassageandnoticethedifferencebetweentopic,titleandmainideainthechoices.

读读下面的文章，对照Topic,titleandmainidea这几个此的用途和语言表达，在选项中找出正确答案。

Beforeyouexercise,besuretouseyourheadandthinkaboutsafety.Whenyouareinvolvedinanactivity,youruntheriskofinjuringyourself.Sobeforeyouhoponyourbikeorpullonyourskates,don’tforgetthesafetyequipment.Safetyequipmentisgearthatprotectsyourbody.Thetypeofsafetyequipmentyouweardependsontheactivityyoudo.Thinkaboutitthisway.Ifyoucouldn’tswim,wouldyoudiveintoapoolwithoutalifevest?

Noway—thatwouldbedumbanddangerous.Yetmanypeopleridetheirbikesorscooterswithoutwearinghelmets.Theydon’trealizethatonewrongturncouldsendthemstraighttotheemergencyroom.Soweartherightsafetyequipment,payattentiontowhat’saroundyou,andusegoodjudgment.Thesearethebestwaystostaysafeandsteerclearofaccidents.

Whenyou’resingingintheshower,youprobablynotthinkingaboutyourhealth.Butkeepingcleanisoneofthemostimportantpartsofstayinghealthy.Bathing,brushingteeth,trimmingnails,andwashingyourhairareallpartofgoodhygiene.Hygieneincludesactivitiesthataregoodforyourhealthandthatkeepyouclean.Hygienehelpsyourbodygetridofgermsthatcouldmakeyousick.Germsaretinyorganismsthatcausedisease.Whenyoubrushyourteeth,youscrubawaygermsthatcouldcausediseasesinyourteethgums.Washingyourhandsandtakingshowersorbathsalsoremovesdangerousgerms.Withalittlesoapandwater,youcanwashawayyourchancesofgettingmanydiseases.

Ahundredyearsago,mostpeoplebathedaboutonceamonthandrarelywashedtheirhair.Theyalsolivedshorterlivesthanwecanexpecttolivenow.Arewelivinglongerbecausewetakemorebathsthanpeopledidahundredyearsago?

Well,that’spartofthereason.Wealsokeepourwatercleaner,liveinhealthierHomes,andeatabettervarietyoffoods.Wehavebettermedicineandknowmoreaboutfightingdiseases.Allofthesefactorshelpustolivelongerandhealthierlivesthaneverbefore.

1）What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Peopleshouldthinkabouttheirsafetyandhavemorebaths.

B.Safetyandhygienearetwomainfactorsforpeople’shealthierlives.

C.Wearingsafetyequipmentinactivitiesisveryimportantforustostayhealthy.

D.Diseasesandinjuringaretwofactorstomakepeopleliveshorter.

2）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Keepoffinjuringanddiseases.

B.Payattentiontowhat’saroundyouandwearrightsafetyequipment.

C.Thinkaboutyoursafetyandhealth.

D.Besafeandbeclean.

3）What’sthetopicofthispassage?

A.Goodwaystostayhealthyandlong-lived.

B.Safetyandhygienearethebasicfactorstolivelonger.

C.Goodhabitsarehelpfulforustofightdiseases.

D.Livelongerandhealthierlivesthaneverbefore.

分析：

选项A是全文要讨论、回答或解释的主题或问题。

相对本文的mainidea：

“Safetyandhygienearetwomainfactorsforpeople’shealthierlives.”和title：

“Besafeandbeclean.来说，Topic应该处于更高的位置，或涉及更大范围，换句话说；Topic是不含任何细节，又能主导全文的中心议题。

由此可见，mainidea会比topic所含的信息要多，或者说，通过对mainidea的归纳，读者可以更容易地读懂topic的涵义。

Title只不过是文章的名称，同样话题的文章，title可以因人而异，因时而异，因文体而异，甚至可以直接取代topic，有些文章就是直接用topic作文章的标题，这种现象在说明文中尤其多。

了解topic，mainidea和title等词的差异，就容易在选项中找出它们各自的语言表现形式。

如果将这篇文章的三个问题的正确答案放在一起比较，就可以看得更清楚：

Topic：

Goodwaystostayhealthyandlong-lived.（位置更高，贯穿全文，不含细节。

）

Title：

Besafeandbeclean.（可以变化，体现写作意图，语言有吸引力。

）

Goodwaystolivebetter.

Safetyandhygieneisthekeytolivehappier.

Wearyourhelmet!

Havemorebaths!

Liveinthisway.

Mainidea：

Safetyandhygienearetwomainfactorsforpeople’shealthierlives.（主导全文，意思更具体，不可以变化。

）

再比较：

Mainidea中的“Safetyandhygiene”比Topic中的“Goodways”更细化；Mainidea中的“twomainfactorsforpeople’shealthierlives”比Topic中的“stayhealthyandlong-lived”更细化。

（2）了解文体的不同作用，找出与文体功能相符的选项。

现在的高考英语阅读文章以及文章的设问已经有相当的难度了，英语教师如果只满足语言点的讲解恐怕是不行了，这里我想强调英语教师要向语文教师学习，注重文章文体结构分析。

因此用文体的结构和文体的作用来区别主旨大意题的选项也是很好的办法，

细读下面五种文体的定义，对照例题找出符合文体的选项。

五种文体Fivecommontypesofcompositions

1）描写文Description（Descriptivewriting）

Descriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,object,orscene.

Adescriptioncompositionisgenerallydevelopedthroughdescribingdetails,ortheimpressionsofone’ssenses---sight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouch.Notalldetailsareuseful.Thewritershouldchoosethosethathelptobringouttheoutstandingqualityofthepersonorthingdescribed,andleaveoutthoseunimportantones.

2）记述文Narration（Narrativewriting）

Tonarrateistogiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents.

Narrativewritingincludestories,realorimaginary,biographies,histories,newsitems.

Narrationoftengoeswithdescription,authors’pointofview,andpurpose.

3）说明文Exposition（Expositivewriting）

Expositionmeansexpoundingorexplaining.Anexpositorycompositionexplainsorexploressomething.Thepurposeofexpositionistoinform;

Wehaveseenthatdescriptionmainlydealswithappearancesandfeelings,andnarrationwitheventsandexperiences.Unlikethesetwotypesofwriting,expositionmainlydealswithprocessesandrelationships.Wearewritingadescriptiveessaywhenwedescribetheappearanceofanobject;butwearewritinganexpositoryessaywhenweexplainhowitismade,howitisused,andhowitmaychange.Whennarrateahistoricalevent,wetellwhathappened,whenandwhereithappened,andwhotookpartinit.Inanexpositorycomposition,wediscussitscauseandeffect,itsnature,anditssignificanceinhistory.

4）议论文Argumentation（Argumentativewriting）

Thepurposeofexpositionistoinform;thepurposeofargumentation,ontheotherhand,istoconvince.Whileanexpositorycompositionmakesknownsomethingandexplainsittomakethereaderunderstand,anargumentativeessaytriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes

5）应用文PracticalWriting

Practicalwritingincludesnotice,announcement,kindsoflettersandmessagesforourdailylifeandwork.

阅读下面文章，按文体作用的要求，找出正确选项：

Itwasaboutoneo’clock.IwassittinginacaféonQueenStreetwhenInoticedtwoboys,intheirlateteens,inadoorwayopposite.Theywerewatchingawomanafewmetersawayfromthem.Shewaswaitinginthestreetwithherhandbagunderherarmandthen,afteraminute,shelookedatherwatch.Whileshewasstandingthere,oneoftheboyssnatchedherbag.Sheturnedquicklyandshoutathimbutheranoffdownthestreet.Whilethethiefwasrunningaway,theotherboystartedtowalkawayfromtheshop.

What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．Arobberyinthestreet.

B.Becarefulofyourbag!

C.Teenager’scrimeismoredangerousthanadults’.

D.Teenager’seducationisimportant.

What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Twoyoungteenagersrobbedawomaninthestreet.

B.Teenagers’crimeisbecomingasocialproblem.

C.Thepoliceareinquiringintothiscase.

D.Thewitnessdidagoodjob.

注意：

本文的topicke可以与title相同。

阅读下面文章，找出正确选项：

北京市高考题

D

Grown－upsknowthatpeopleandobjectsaresolid.Atthemovies,weknowthatifwereachouttotouchTomCruise,allwewillfeelisair.Butdoesababyhavethisunderstanding?

Toseewhetherbabiesknowobjectsaresolid,T.Bowerdesignedamethodforprojectinganopticalillusion（视觉影像）ofahangingball.Hisplanwastofirstgivebabiesarealball,onetheycouldreachoutandtouch,andthentoshowthemtheillusion.Iftheyknewthatobjectsaresolidandtheyreachedoutfortheillusionandfoundemptyair,theycouldbeexpectedtoshowsu