最新四级深度阅读真题详解doc.docx

最新四级深度阅读真题详解doc.docx

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最新四级深度阅读真题详解doc

2014年12月大学英语四级深度阅读真题答案解析

第一套

PassageOne

Question56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.56-60ACBDB

Childrenareadelight（=hapiness/joy）.Theyareourfuture.（56）Butsadly,hiringsomeonetotakecareofthemwhileyougotoworkisgettingmoreexpensivebytheyear.

Earlierthismonth,itwasreportedthatthecostofenrollinganinfantorsmallkidatachildcarecenterrose3%in2012,fasterthantheoverallcostofliving.Therearenowlargestrips（狭长地带）ofthecountrywheredaycareforaninfantcostsmorethanatenthoftheaveragemarriedcouple'sincome.

（57）Thisisnotnecessarilyanewtrend,butitisasomewhatpuzzlingone.Thepriceofprofessionalchildcarehasbeenrisingsincethe1980s.Yetduringthattime,payforprofessionalchildcareworkershasstoodstill.Actually（=infact）caregiversmakelesstoday,inrealterms（扣除物价因素；按实质计算）,thantheydidin1990.Consideringthatlaborcostsareresponsibleforupto80%ofadaycarecenter'sexpenses,onewouldexpectflatwagestohavemeantflatprices.

Sowho'stoblameforhigherchildcarecosts?

Childcareisacarefullyregulatedindustry.Stateslaydownrulesabouthowmanychildreneachemployeeisallowedtowatchover,thespacecarecentersneedperchild,andotherminutedetails.（58）Andthestrictertheregulations,thehigherthecosts.Ifit（保育中心）hastohireacaregiverforeverytwochildren,itcan'treallyachieveanyeconomicsofscaleonlabortosavemoney（通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱）whenotherexpensesgoup.（59）InMassachusetts,wherechildcarecentersmusthireoneteacherforeverythreeinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedmorethan$16,000peryear.InMississippi,wherecentersmusthireoneteacherforeveryfiveinfants,thepriceofcareaveragedlessthan$5,000.

Unfortunately,Idon'thaveallthedaycare-centerregulationshandy.（60）ButIwouldn'tbesurprisedifastheruleshavebecomemoreelaborate,priceshaverisen.Thetradeoff（交换）mightbeworthitinsomecases;afterall,thehealthandsafetyofchildrenshouldprobablycomebeforecheapservice.（60）Butcertainly,itdoesn'tseemtobeanaccidentthatsomeofthecheapestdaycareavailableisintheleastregulated（=rule/manage）South.

56.Whatproblemdoparentsofsmallkidshavetoface?

A）Theever-risingchildcareprices.B）Thebudgetingoffamilyexpenses.

C）Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.D）Theselectionofagooddaycarecenter.

57.Whatdoestheauthorfeelpuzzledabout?

A）Whythepricesofchildcarevarygreatlyfromstatetostate.

B）Whyincreasedchildcarepriceshavenotledtobetterservice.

C）Whychildcareworkers'payhasnotincreasedwiththerisingchildcarecosts.

D）Whythereisasevereshortageofchildcareprofessionalsinanumberofstates.

58.Whatpreventschildcarecentersfromsavingmoney?

A）Steadyincreaseinlaborcosts.B）Strictgovernmentregulations.

C）Lackofsupportfromthestate.D）Highadministrativeexpenses.

【解析】infant['ɪnfənt]n.baby/child婴/幼儿；未成年人

59.WhyistheaveragecostofchildcareinMississippimuchlowerthaninMassachusetts?

A）Theoverallqualityofserviceisnotasgood.B）Paymentsforcaregiverstherearenotashigh.

C）Livingexpensestherearecomparativelylow.D）Eachteacherisallowedtocareformorekids.

60.Whatistheauthor’sviewondaycareservice?

A）Caregiversshouldreceiveregularprofessionaltraining.B）Lesselaboraterulesaboutchildrenmightlowercosts.

C）Itiscrucialtostrikeabalancebetweenqualityandcosts.D）Itisbetterfordifferentstatestolearnfromeachother.

【解析】elaborate[ɪ'læbərət]adj.complicated/complex/detailed/full精心制作/复杂/详尽/煞费苦心的

PassageTwo

Questions61-65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.61-65DDCBC

（61）AlexPang'samusingnewbookTheDistractionAddiction（分心成瘾）addresses（v.向…讲话）thoseofuswhofeelpanicwithoutacellphoneorcomputer.Andthat,heclaims,isprettymuchallofus.Whenwe'renotonline,wherewespendfourmonthsannually,we'reengagedinthestressfulworkoftryingtogetonline.

（62）TheDistractionAddictionisnotframedasaself-helpbook（并非励志类图书）.It'sathoughtfulexaminationofthedangersofourcomputingoverdose（过度使用）andahistoricaloverview（历史性概述）ofhowtechnologicaladvances（科技进步）changeconsciousness（意识）.A“professionalfuturist”,Pangurgesanapproachwhichhecalls“contemplative（沉思的）computing.”Heasksthatyoupayfullattentionto“howyourmindandbodyinteractwithcomputersandhowyourattentionandcreativityareinfluencedbytechnology.”

（63）Pang'sfirstjobistofreeyoufromthecommonmisconception（常见的错误认识）thatdoingtwothingsatonceallowsyoutogetmoredone（同时做两件事效率更高）.Whatiscommonlycalledmultitasking（多重任务）is,infact,switch-tasking,anditsharmfuleffectsonproductivityarewelldocumented（有据可查的）.Pangdoesn'tadvocatereturningtoapre-Internetworld.Instead,heasksyouto“takeamoreecological（生态的）viewofyourrelationshipswithtechnologiesandlookforwaysdevicesormediamaybemakingspecifictaskseasierorfasterbutatthesametimemakingyourworkandlifeharder.”

TheDistractionAddictionisparticularlyfascinatingonhowtechnologieshavechangedcertainfieldsoflabor—oftenfortheworse.（64）Forarchitects,computer-aideddesignhasbecomeessentialbutinsomewayshascheapenedthedesignprocess.Asonearchitectputsit,“Architectureisfirstandforemostaboutthinking...anddrawingisamoreproductivewayofthinking”thancomputer-aideddesign.SomewhatlessamusingarePang'ssolutionsforkickingtheInternethabit.（65）Herecommendstheusualbehavior-modificationapproaches（常见的行为矫正法）,familiartoanyonewhohascompletedaquit-smokingprogram.Keeplogsto（记录下上网日志）studyyouronlineprofile（上网概况）anddecidewhatyoucanknockout（剔除）,downloadaprogramlikeFreedomthatlocksyououtofyourbrowser,ortakea“digitalSabbath（安息日）”:

“Unlessyou'reareporteroremergency-departmentdoctor,you'lldiscoverthatyourworlddoesn'tfallapartwhenyougooffline.”

61.AlexPang'snewbookisaimedforreaderswho________.

A）findtheirworkonlinetoostressfulB）goonlinemainlyforentertainment

C）arefearfulaboutusingthecellphoneorcomputer

D）canhardlytearthemselvesawayfromtheInternet（很难让自己远离互联网）

【解析】tearoneselfawayfrom:

 reluctanttoleave （[rɪ'lʌktənt]）舍不得离开,爱不释手

62.WhatdoesAlexPangtrytodoinhisnewbook?

A）OfferadviceonhowtousetheInterneteffectively.B）Warnpeopleofthepossibledangersofinternetuse.

C）Predictthetrendoffuturetechnologicaldevelopment.D）Examinetheinfluenceoftechnologyonthehumanmind.

63.Whatisthecommonviewonmultitasking?

A）Itenablespeopletoworkmoreefficiently.B）Itisawayquitesimilartoswitch-tasking.

C）Itmakespeople'sworkandlifeevenharder.D）Itdistractspeople'sattentionfromusefulwork.

64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcomputer-aideddesign?

A）Itconsiderablycutsdownthecostofbuildingdesign.B）Itsomewhatrestrainsarchitects'productivethinking.

C）Itisindispensableinarchitects'workprocess.D）Itcanfreearchitectsfromlaboriousdrawing.

【解析】restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/ vt.restrict/control/stop/prevent抑/控制；约束；制止

firstandforemost/ˈfɔːˌməʊst/  首先；首要地/的是productivethinking有成效的思维方式

65.WhatisAlesPang'srecommendationforInternetusers?

A）TheyusetheInternetaslittleaspossible.B）Theykeeparecordoftheircomputerusetime.

C）Theyexerciseself-controlovertheirtimeonline.D）Theyentertainthemselvesonlineonoff-daysonly.

【解析】keeplogsto保存日志/聊天记录

第二套

Passageone

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

（1）NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling（骑车）passengersonthoseblazingblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?

IsCitiBikerollingup（increase）ridersattheirexpense（在损害他们的利益/情况下）？

（2）AtGothamBikesinTribeca,amanagerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsales（总销售额）dueto（=asaresultof）thebike-shareprogram."It'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad"hesaid.（5）JamesRyan,anemployee   atDanny'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoption（=choice）forpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandandaggressive（好斗的）drivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.

    RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny'sCycles.（3）ButforFrank'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaid hisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90%sincetheCitiBikeswererolledout（=comeout）lastmonth.Arroyo'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.

    However,（5）Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.

    （5）ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitially（=atfirst）hewasconcernedabout（=worriedabout）bike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."

    （5）Farrell'searlyconcernswereechoed （随声附和,认同）byAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve.（4）"Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedabout（beconcernedabout）inexperiencedriders'lackofawareness（知道，认识）ofbikingrulesandbacklash（强烈反对）fromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it'sstilltooearlytotellifhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted（=influence）.

    Whileit'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.

56.Whatisthe