华东理工大学大学英语2复习阅读同步练习.docx

华东理工大学大学英语2复习阅读同步练习.docx

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华东理工大学大学英语2复习阅读同步练习

UNIT1

TEXT1

InthepastthirtyyearsmanysocialchangeshavetakenplaceinBritain.Thegreatestofthesehaveprobablybeenintheeconomiclivesofwomen.

Thechangeshavebeensignificant,but,becausetraditionandprejudicecanstillhandicapwomenintheirworkingcareersandpersonallives,majorlegislationtohelppromoteequalityofopportunityandpaywaspassedduringthe1970s.

Attheheartofwomen'schangedroleinsocietyhasbeentheriseinthenumberofwomenatwork,particularlymarriedwoman.Astechnologyandsocietypermithighlyeffectiveandgenerallyacceptablemethodsoffamilyplanningtherehasbeenadeclineinfamilysize.Womenasaresultareinvolvedinchild-rearingforamuchshortertimeandrelatedtothis,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithyoungchildrenwhoreturntoworkwhenthechildrenareoldenoughnottoneedconstantcareandattention.

Since1951theproportionofmarriedwomenwhoseworkhasgrownfromjustoverafifthtoahalf.ComparedwiththeircounterpartselsewhereontheContinent,Britishwomencomprisearelativelyhighproportionoftheworkforce,abouttwo-fifths,butonaveragetheyworkfewerhours,about31aweek.Thereisstillasignificantdifferencebetweenwomen'saverageearningsandmen's,buttheequalpaylegislationwhichcameintoforceattheendof1975appearstohavehelpedtonarrowthegapbetweenwomen'sandmen'sbasicrates.

Asmoreandmorewomenjoinedtheworkforceinthe1960sandearly1970stherewasanincreaseinthecollectiveincomesofwomenasawholeandamajorchangeintheeconomicroleoflargenumbersofhousewives.Familieshavecometorelyonmarriedwomen'searningsasanessentialpartoftheirincomeratherthanas"pocketmoney".Atthesametimesocialroleswithinthefamilyaremorelikelytobeshared,exchangedoraltered.

1. Thegeneralideaofthepassageisabout__________.

A）socialtrendsincontemporaryBritain   

B）changesinwomen’seconomicstatus

C）equalopportunityandpayinBritain    

D）women’sroleswithinthefamily

2. Accordingtotheauthor,anincreasingnumberofmarriedwomenareabletoworkbecause__________.

A）theirchildrennolongerrequiretheircare

B）therearemorejobsavailablenowadays

C）technologyhasenabledthemtofindacceptablejobs

D）theyspendfarlesstimeonchildcarethanbefore

3. Inparagraph4,counterpartsrefersto__________.

A）meninBritain     B）meninmainlandofEurope 

C）womeninBritain    D）womeninmainlandofEurope

4. Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingisNOTtrue?

A）Equalityofopportunityandpayisguaranteedbylaw.

B）Advancedtechnologyandsmallerfamilysizehelpwomengobacktowork.

C）Thedifferencebetweenwomen’sandmen’searningsisnolongerexistingthankstoequalpaylegislation. 

D）Women’searningsareconsideredasanimportantpartforthefamilies.

5. Whatcanweinferfromthelastpassage?

A）Womennowbecamemoreindependent.

B）Everywoman’sincomehasincreasedinthe1960sandearly1970s.

C）Womencanalsocontributetothefamilyintermsofincome.

D）Infamiliessocialrolesofwivesandhusbandsarefixed.

BDDCC

TEXT2

Publicgoodsarethosecommoditiesfromwhoseenjoymentnobodycanbeeffectivelyexcluded．Everybodyisfreetoenjoythebenefitsofthesecommodities,andoneperson’sutilizationdoesnotreducethepossibilitiesofanybodyelse’senjoyingthesamegood.

Examplesofpublicgoodsarenotasrareasonemightexpect．Afloodcontroldamisapublicgood．Oncethedamisbuilt,allpersonslivingintheareawillbenefitnotthinkingtherespectiveoftheirowncontributiontotheconstructioncostofthedam．Thesameholdstrueforhighwaysignsoraidstonavigation．Oncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectivelyexcludedfromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationalpurposes．Nationaldefenseisanotherexample．Evenapersonwhovotedagainstmilitaryexpendituresordidnotpayanytaxeswillbenefitfromtheprotectionafforded.

Itisnoeasytasktodeterminethesocialcostsandsocialbenefitsassociatedwithapublicgood．Thereisnopracticablewayofchargingdriversforlookingathighwaysigns,sailorsforwatchingalighthouse,andcitizensforthesecurityprovidedtothemthroughnationaldefense．Becausethemarketdoesnotprovidethenecessarysignals,economicanalysishastobesubstituted（取代的）fortheimpersonaljudgmentofthemarketplace.

1．Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

A．Mechanismsforsafernavigation.

B．Theeconomicstructuralofthemarketplace.

C．Aspecificgroupofcommodities.

D．Theadvantagesofloweringtaxes.

2．WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTbeanexampleofapublicgoodasdescribedinthepassage?

A．Arestaurant.

B．Aroadsign.

C．Abridge.

D．Astoplight.

3．Bywhichofthefollowingcouldtheword“holds”（inParagraph2）bestbereplaced?

A．has

B．is

C．grasps

D．carries

4．Accordingtothepassage,findingoutthesocialcostsofapublicgoodisa________

A．difficulttask.

B．dailyadministrativeduty.

C．matterofpersonaljudgment.

D．citizen’sresponsibility.

5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Suggestionsfortheapplicationofaneconomicconceptareoffered.

B．Severalgeneralizationsarepresentedfromwhichvariousconclusionsaredrawn.

C．Persuasivelanguageisusedtoargueagainstapopularidea.

D．Ageneralconceptisdefinedandthenexamplesaregiven.

CABAD

TEXT3

Ingivingadvice,youmustlearntounderstandtheperson’slevelofjudgment.Therewillbesomepeoplewhocometoyouwithunconnectedknowledge,talkingabout,say,VitaminB12andothermodernconcepts.Whentheyaskadvice,beginatthatlevel.Unlessyoustartattheirownlevel,theywillnotbeabletounderstand.Youmustexplaintotheminscientifictermstheeffectsofthefoodtheyeat,andhowtheyneedtochangeit.

Youhavetotrainyourselftobeveryflexible.Stayingatonelevelisnotbeingafreeman.Ifwestayataveryhighlevelallthetime,thatisnotpractical.Alimitlesspersongoesfreelyfromonelevelofthinkingtoanother,accordingtohiscircumstances.Todothiswemustgetridofourunwillingnesstochangeourwayofthinkingorbehavior,becomefriendswitheveryone,andhavethesamelovingfeelingsforeveryone.Thenwecangiveadvicetoallkindsofpeople.Ifthereissomeoneorsomethingyoudislike,youarestilllimited,andyourabilitytogiveadviceisreduced.Foranyone,thesame.Afreepersonactslikethat.

Youcannotstaywithasickpersonallthetime.Youmustrespectaperson’sfreedomasmuchasyoucan.Ifpeoplereallywanttodie,letthem—itistheirfreedom.Thepointisnevertobecomeanauthorityfigure;remainafriendoradvisor.Peopleshouldnotcomebackrepeatedlyforconsultation;iftheydo,youradvicehasbeenincomplete—youdidnotknowhowtogivethemproperadviceaboutfreedom.Iftheydonotunderstandthat,sickpeoplebecomeslaves;theyarestillafraidinside,andaredependent.Thatisnowaytobuildahealthyworldandhelppeoplebecomehappyandfree.

CADBC

TEXT4

AsmorewomenintheUSAmoveuptheprofessionalladder,morewomenarefindingitnecessarytomakebusinesstripsalone.Sincethisisnewformany,sometripsarecertainlyinorder.Ifyouaremarried,itisagoodideatoencourageyourhusbandandchildrentolearntocookafewsimplemealswhileyouareaway.Theywillbemuchhappierandprobablytheywillenjoytheexperience.Ifyouwillbeeatingaloneagoodmeal,choosegoodrestaurants.Intheend,theywillbemuchbetterforyourdigestion.Youmayalsofinditusefultocalltherestaurantinadvanceandstatethatyouwillbeeatingalone.Youwillprobablygetbetterserviceandalmostcertainlyabettertable.Finally,andmostimportantly,anticipateyourtravelneedsabusinesswoman;thisstartswithlightweightluggagewhichyoucaneasilymanageevenwhenfullypacked.Takeafoldingcaseinsideyoursuitcase;itwillcomeinextremelyhandyfordirtyclothes,aswellasforbusinessdocumentsandpapersyounolongerneedontrip.Andmakesureyouhaveabriefcasesothatyoucancurrentlyrequiredpapersseparately.Obviously,experiencehelps,butyoucanmakethingseasieronyourselffromthefirstbycarefulplanning,sothatrightfromthestartyoureallycanhaveagoodtrip.

16.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A）AgreaterpercentageofwomenareadvancingprofessionallyintheUSthanpreviously.

B）Professionalmenrefusetoaccompanytheirfemalecolleaguesonbusinesstrips.

C）EachyeartherearemorefemaletouristsintheUS.

D）Businesswomenbecomesuccessfulbyshowingawillingnesstotravelalone.

17.Inthispassage,whatadvicedoestheauthorhaveformarriedwomen?

A）Stayhomeandtakecareofyourfamily.

B）Encourageyourhusbandandkidstobehappyandhavefunwhileyouareaway.

C）Helpyourfamilylearntopreparefoodforthemselves.

D）Haveyourwholefamilytakecookingclassestogether.

18.Whyarebetterrestaurantsespeciallypreferableforfrequenttravelers?

A）Thefoodisusuallybetterforyourhealth.

B）Thetablesarebetter.

C）Youcancallaheadforreservations.

D）Youwillnothavetoeatalone.

19.Whyislightweightluggageimportantforthetravelingbusinesswomen?

A）Itprovidesspacefordirtyclothes.

B）Itallowsformobility.

C）Itcandoubleasabriefcase.

D）Itisusuallybigenoughtocarryallbusinessdocuments.

20.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?

A）Businesstripsaremoredifficultforwomenthanformen.

B）Morewomenarefindingtheroadtos