综合教程第二册第九单元答案 unit 9 what is happiness.docx

综合教程第二册第九单元答案 unit 9 what is happiness.docx

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综合教程第二册第九单元答案unit9whatishappiness

Unit9WhatIsHappiness  

Textcomprehension

I.A

II.1.T;  2.F;  3.F;  4.T;  5.F.

III.

1.Hemeansthatoneisgiventherighttopursuehappiness,butdoesnotknowwhatitis.

2.Becausehebelievesthatcommercialadvertisingnotonlyfailstosatisfyourdesires,butmoreimportantlyitcreatesthem,anditcreatesthemfasterthananyman’sbudgetcansatisfythem.Suchinsatiabilitymakespeopleunhappy.

3.Becausehethinksthattheproductsandpursuitsadvertisedonthefrontpagesofwomen’smagazinesaredreamlikeandcan’tbefulfilled.

4.HesettwoextremesaccordingtoThoreau,thelowlevelandthehighlevel.Theformerreferstopossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhood,whilethelatterreferstoactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnature.Tofindbalanceistosavetimeandeffortonthelowlevelsandspendonthehigh.

5.Theinherentrightisnothappinessitself,butliesinthepursuitofhappiness,inthepursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,i.e.intheideaofbecoming.

IV.

1.JonathanSwiftseemedtosharethisviewwhenhecriticizedthisideaofhappinessasthestateofbeingcompletelycontrolledbydeception.

2.Theactiveexerciseortrainingtoimproveone’sunderstandingofwhatisoflastingvaluewouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthehighlevels,i.e.spiritualhappiness.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

Part1（par.1,2）:

Theauthorpointsoutthatwhenwearenotsurewhathappinessis,wetendtobemisledbytheideathatwecanbuyourwaytoit.

Part2（par.3,4,5,6）:

Theauthoroffersanumberofexamplestoshowhowthismisconceptionofhappinessgivesrisetothe“happiness-market”inahighlycommercializedsociety（theUnitedStates）.

Part3（par.7,8,9）:

TheauthorsuggestsstrikingabalancebetweenwhatThoreaucalledthelowlevelsandthehighlevels.

Part4（par.10）:

Theauthorgiveshisunderstandingofhappiness,inthelightoftheFoundingFathers’beliefthatitis“intheideaofbecoming”.

 Page172

Vocabulary

I. Phrase

1.un-American:

nottypicaloftheattitudes,waysoflife,etc.,thatareapprovedoforconsiderednormalintheUS

2.commercialism:

theactivitiesorattitudesofpeoplewhothinkthatmakingaprofitismore

importantthananythingelse;emphasisonthemaximizingofprofit  商业主义

3.forthatmatter:

itisalsotruethat…（Thephrase“forthatmatter”isusedtoemphasizethatsth.,thoughmentionedsecond,isalsotrue,important,orrelevantaswhathasbeenmentionedearlier.）  就此而论，在这方面, 同样

4.face:

aspect  

5.innature:

essentially 

II.

1.perpetual;  2.functions;  3.inherent;  4.cited;  5.approaching;  6.flawless;  7.vaguely; 8. disciplining.

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III. Wordderivation

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.Adeersuddenlyranacrosstheroad,withahuntingdoginhot pursuit （pursue）.

2.I’msuremanybusinessmenusesomekindof deception （deceive）attimes,toachievetheirobjectives.

3.Theprojecthasbeenasuccess,thankstothe dedication （dedicate）ofallofourstaff.

4.Hisfirst commercial （commercialism）venturewasopeningasmallcornershop.

5.Theconcertendedwiththesingersandaudiencesinging patriotic （patriotism）songs.

6.ItwassoconvincingthatIhadtoremindmyselfthattheywere fictional （fiction）characters,notrealpeople.

7.Notmanypeopleareabletoindicatetheir disapproval （disapprove）withoutcausingoffence.

8.Thehomelessand starving （starvation）refugeesofthewarwereflockingtothecities.

1. pursue v. 追捕，追求；继续从事

  pursuer n. 追赶者，追求者

  pursuit n. 追求，追赶

e.g. 我知道她的追求者很多。

Iknowshehasmanypursuers.

我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。

Weworkhardinpursuitofahappylife.

2. deceive v. 欺骗

  deception n. 骗局，诡计，欺诈

  deceptive a. 迷惑的，虚伪的，诈欺的

  deceptiveness n. 迷惑

e.g. 他骗我买了一个假冒产品。

Hedeceivedmeintopayingforthefakeproduct.

他靠欺骗拿钱。

Hegetsthemoneybydeception.

3. dedicate v. 献出；致力于

  dedicated a. 专注的；献身的

  dedication n. 奉献

e.g. 她毕生致力于教授英语。

ShededicatedherlifetoteachingEnglish.

我们尊敬他是因为他以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务。

Werespecthimbecauseheservesthepublicwithdedicationandintegrity.

4. commercial a. 商业的

  commercialize v. 使商业化

  commercialism n. 商业主义，营利主义

e.g. 商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具。

Commercialtelevisionisaneffectivemediumforadvertising.

教育近几年更加商业化了。

Educationhasbecomemuchmorecommercializedinrecentyears.

5. patriotism n. 爱国主义，爱国心

  patriot n. 爱国者

  patriotic a. 爱国的

e.g. 我们都被他的爱国精神深深感动了。

Wearealldeeplymovedbyhispatriotism.

她热爱她的祖国。

Sheisapatriottohercountry.

6. fiction n. 虚构，杜撰；小说

  fictional a. 虚构的；小说的

e.g. 我喜欢读科幻小说。

Ienjoyreadingsciencefiction.

7. disapprove v. 不赞成

  disapproval n. 不赞成

  disapprovingly ad. 不以为然地，不赞成地

e.g. 我母亲不同意我们俩人的婚事。

Mymotherdisapprovedofourmarriage.

他对你的建议很不以为然。

Heshoweddisapprovalofyourproposal.

8. starve v. 挨饿，受饿，饿死

  starvation n. 饿死，饥饿

  starving a. 饥饿的

e.g. 那个可怜的老妇人被饿死了。

Thepooroldladydiedofstarvation.

我的钱不够用。

I’mstarvedformoney.

IV.

1.C;  2.B;  3.D;  4.B;  5.D;  6.A;  7.C;  8.D.

2.

 Page174

V.Synonym/Antonym

Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericancommercialismare hugely dedicatedtomakingusdeliberately unhappy.

Hugely--Synonym:

enormously,tremendously;

Deliberately--Antonym:

unintentionally,accidentally

2.These,the flawless teeth.

Synonym:

perfect,spotless

3.This,theperfumedbreathshemust exhale.

Antonym:

 inhale

4.Happinessisnevermorethan partial.

Antonym:

impartial,unbiased

5.Thoreau — acreatureofbothEasternandWesternthought — hadhisownfirmsenseofthatbalance.

Antonym:

imbalance

6.Wearetaughtthatto possess istobehappy,andthenwearemadetowant.

Synonym:

have,own

7. Hesits immobile,raptincontemplation,freefromhisownbody.

Synonym:

fixed,stationary,quiet

VI. Prefix/Suffix 

Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesamestemasunderlinedineachgivenword.

1.contain                     obtain                     

2.concede             precede       

3.compel                     repel                    

4.suspend             depend        

5.include                     conclude                   

6.insist                 consist              

7.descend             ascend                    

8.evolve               revolve         

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GrammarExercises

1. Personalpronouns

Personalpronounsrefertothepersonwhoisdoingtheactionortowhomtheactionaffects.Inthatwaywedistinguishtwotypesofpersonalpronouns:

Personal“SubjectPronouns”andPersonal“ObjectPronouns”.

PersonalPronouns

assubject

（nominative）

I

You

he

she

it

we

you

they

We havesomebooks.

asobject

（accusativeanddative）

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

Thebooksarefor us.

    Apersonalpronounreferstoaspecificpersonorthingandchangesitsformtoindicateperson,number,gender,andcase.

I.Completethesentencesbelowwithsuitablepronouns.

1.yourself;

2.__You/We__can’talwaysgetwhat__you/we__want.

3.you/one/we

4.it

5.Wealloughttobemoretoleranttowards__oneanother____.

6.They/We

7.myself

8.yourself

9.Someone’satthedoor.Whocan___it___beatthistime?

10.I;We;They;us;They;it;we

2.Impersonalitvs.there

InmanyEnglishsentences,youwillfindtheword“it”ortheword“there”inthesubjectposition.Theseareusually“impersonal”sentences — sentenceswherethereisnonaturalsubject.

Impersonal“it”

Whentouseit

Examples

Talkingaboutweather

It’sraining/cold/sunny.

Identifyingsomething

“Whoisit?

”“It’sme.”

“Whatisit?

”“It’sacat.”

Talkingabouttime

“Whattimeisit?

”“It’sfiveo’clock.”

“Whatdayisit?

”“It’sThursday.”

Talkingaboutdistance

“HowfarisittoToronto?

”“It’s4000kilometers.”

Impersonal“there”

Impersonal“there”isusedtosaythatsomethingexistsinaparticularplace:

e.g.Thereisabookonthetable.  （singular）

    Therearethreemeninthecar.（plural）

II.

There;there;there;There;There;It;there;There;It;there;There

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III.Replacetheunderlinedpartsinthefollowingsentenceswithnon-finiteclausesorverblessclauses.

1.Whileflattered,…

2.Iwaswondering whetherIshouldgoupstairsorfollow Mr.Maximtothelibrary.

…whethertogoupstairsortofollow…

3.Wheneverpossible,…

4.Itisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness ifitisleftuntreated.

  …ifleftuntreated.

5.…ifready.

6.Thoughnoswimmer,…

7. Onceyouareoverthepass, youwillseethetownbelowyou.

Onceoverthepass,…

8.Whetherbyaccidentorbydesign,…

IV.

1.Once;  2.Though;  3.If;  4.when;  5.whether;  6.Unless;  7.Before;  8.After.

V.

1.c;  2.b;  3.b;  4.c;  5.a;  6.d;  7.d;  8.d.

Page178 

Translation

I.

1.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreate激起欲望 them—andtocreatethemfasterthananyman’s budget预算资金 cansatisfythem.

广告是一项主要产业，它的存在与其说是为了满足人们的欲望；不如说是为了激发他们的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激发这些欲望。

2.Theywere calling upon Americans,asanactapproaching patriotism实践爱国主义, tobuy atonce,withmoneytheydidnothave, automobiles汽车 theydidnotreallyneed,and which theywouldberequiredto grow tiredof变得厌倦 bythetimethenextyear’smodelswere released发布、面世.

他们号召美国公众采取爱国行动，立即用他们并没有的钱去购买他们并不需要的汽车，而且要求他们在第二年的新款汽车问世之前就对它们厌倦。

3. Thoreaucertainly disapproved of 不赞成starvation,buthewoul