全新版大学英语第一册 6.docx

全新版大学英语第一册 6.docx

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全新版大学英语第一册6

Unit6

AnimalIntelligence

PartIPre-readingTask

Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:

1.WhatdoyouknowaboutMichaelJackson?

2.HowdoeshefeelaboutBen?

Why?

3.DoyouthinkthesongBenrevealssomethingabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandanimals?

Ifso,whatisit?

4.Isthesongrelatedtothethemeoftheunit—animalintelligence?

How?

PartII

TextA

Food,warmth,sleep?

Theirthoughtsmaybemuchdeeperthanthat.

WHATANIMALSREALLYTHINK

EuqeneLinden

Overtheyears,Ihavewrittenextensivelyaboutanimal-intelligenceexperimentsandthecontroversythatsurroundsthem.Doanimalsreallyhavethoughts,whatwecallconsciousness?

Wonderingwhethertheremightbebetterwaystoexploreanimalintelligencethanexperimentsdesignedtoteachhumansigns,Irealizedwhatnowseemsobvious:

ifanimalscanthink,theywillprobablydotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposes,notwhenscientistsaskthemto.

AndsoIstartedtalkingtovets,animalresearchers,zookeepers.Mostdonotstudyanimalintelligence,buttheyencounterit,andthelackofit,everyday.ThestoriestheytellusrevealwhatI'mconvincedisanewwindowonanimalintelligence:

thekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanet—humans.

Let'sMakeaDeal

ConsiderthetimeCharleneJendry,aconservationistattheColumbusZoo,learnedthatafemalegorillanamedColowashandlingasuspiciousobject.Arrivingonthescene,JendryofferedColosomepeanuts,onlytobemetwithablankstare.Realizingtheywerenegotiating,Jendryraisedthestakesandofferedapieceofpineapple.Atthispoint,whilemaintainingeyecontact,Coloopenedherhandandrevealedakeychain.

Relieveditwasnotanythingdangerousorvaluable,JendrygaveColothepineapple.Carefulbargainerthatshewas,ColothenbrokethekeychainandgaveJendryalink,perhapsfiguring.WhygiveherthewholethingifIcangetabitofpineappleforeachpiece?

Ifananimalcanshowskillintradingonethingforanother,whynotinhandlingmoney?

OneorangutannamedChantekdidjustthatinasign-languagestudyundertakenbyanthropologistLynMilesattheUniversityofTennessee.Chantekfiguredoutthatifhedidtaskslikecleaninghisroom,he'dearncoinstospendontreatsandridesinMiles'scar.Buttheorangutan'sunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyondsimpledealings.Milesfirstusedplasticchipsascoins,butChantekdecidedhecouldexpandthemoneysupplybybreakingchipsintwo.WhenMilesswitchedtometalchips,Chantekfoundpiecesoftinfoilandtriedtomakecopies.

MilesalsotriedtoteachChantekmorevirtuoushabitssuchassavingandsharing.Indeed,whenIcaughtupwiththeorangutanatZooAtlanta,wherehenowlives,Isawanexampleofsharingthatanyonemightenvy.WhenMilesgaveChanteksomegrapesandaskedhimtosharethem,Chantekpromptlyateallthefruit.Then,asifhe'djustrememberedhe'dbeenaskedtoshare,hehandedMilesthestem.

TaleofaWhale

Whywouldananimalwanttocooperatewithahuman?

Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.Thisistrue,butIdon'tthinkitgoesfarenough.

GailLaule,aconsultantonanimalbehavior,speaksofOrky,akillerwhale,sheknew."OfalltheanimalsI'veworkedwith,hewasthemostintelligent,"shesays."Hewouldassessasituationandthendosomethingbasedonthejudgmentshemade."

Likethetimehehelpedsaveafamilymember.WhenOrky'smate,Corky,gavebirth,thebabydidnotthriveatfirst,andkeeperstookthelittlewhaleoutofthetankbystretcherforemergencycare.Thingsbegantogowrongwhentheyreturnedthebabywhaletothetank.Astheworkershaltedthestretcherafewmetersabovethewater,thebabysuddenlybeganthrowingupthroughitsmouth.Thekeepersfeareditwouldchoke,buttheycouldnotreachthebabytohelpit.

Apparentlysizinguptheproblem,Orkyswamunderthestretcherandallowedoneofthementostandonhishead,somethinghe'dneverbeentrainedtodo.Then,usinghistailtokeepsteady,Orkyletthekeeperreachupandreleasethe420-poundbabysothatitcouldslideintothewaterwithinreachofhelp.

PrimateShellGame

Sometimesevidenceofintelligencecanbeseeninattemptstodeceive.ZookeeperHelenShewmanofSeattle'sWoodlandParkZoorecallsthatonedayshedroppedanorangethroughafeedingholeforMelati,anorangutan.Insteadofmovingawaytogetit,MelatilookedShewmanintheeyeandheldoutherhand.Thinkingtheorangemusthaverolledoffsomewhereinaccessible,Shewmangaveheranotherone.ButwhenMelatimovedoff,Shewmannoticedtheoriginalorangewashiddeninherotherhand.

Towan,thecolony'sdominantmale,watchedthiswholetrick,andthenextdayhe,too,lookedShewmanintheeyeandpretendedthathehadnotyetreceivedanorange."Areyousureyoudon'thaveone?

"Shewmanasked.Hecontinuedtoholdhergazesteadilyandheldouthishand.Givingin,shegavehimanotherone,thensawthathehadbeenhidinghisorangeunderneathhisfoot.

Whatisintelligenceanyway?

Iflifeisaboutsurvivalofaspecies—andintelligenceismeanttoservethatsurvival—thenwecan'tcomparewithpea-brainedseaturtles,whichwereherelongbeforeusandsurvivedthedisasterthatwipedoutthedinosaurs.Still,itiscomfortingtorealizethatotherspeciesbesidesourowncanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthem,eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.

（928words）

NewWordsandExpressions

extensively

ad.toalargeextent,orinalargeamount广泛地；大量地

intelligence

n.智力

intelligent

a.聪明的，有才智的

controversy

n.争论，争议

surround

vt.beorgoallaround（sth.orsb.）围绕；包围

consciousness

n.意识

explore

vt.examinethoroughly,learnabout探究，探索

obvious

a.easytoseeandunderstand;clear明显的

vet

n.兽医

encounter

vt.meet,esp.unexpectedly遇到，遭遇

reveal

vt.make（sth.）known展示；揭露

convince

vt.make（sb.）feelsurebytheuseofargumentorevidence使确信，使信服

feat▲

n.技艺；业绩，功绩

captivity

n.被俘；监禁；束缚

dominant

a.ruling;mostimportantorstrongest统治的；占优势的

species

n.（单复同）物种

makeadeal

reachanagreementorarrangement,esp.inbusinessorpolitics达成交易

conservationist

n.自然资源保护论者

female

a.雌的；女（性）的

n.雌性的动物或植物；女人

gorilla

n.大猩猩

suspicious▲

a.causingorshowingafeelingthatsth.iswrong可疑的；猜疑的

peanut▲

n.花生

blank

a.withoutexpression;withoutwriting,orothermarks没有表情的；空白

negotiate

vi.discussinordertocometoanagreement谈判，协商

stake

n.（usu.pl）奖品；奖金；赌注

pineapple

n.凤梨，菠萝

maintain

vt.continuetodoorhave（sth.）保持；继续

relieve

vt.free（sb.）frompain,anxiety,etc.;ease（pain,anxiety,etc.）使减轻痛苦或焦虑等；减轻（痛苦或焦虑等）

link

n.链环；环节；联系

v.joinorconnect联系，连接

orangutan

n.猩猩

undertake

vt.（undertook,undertaken）carryout;takeupononeself（atask,etc.）从事；承担（任务等）

anthropologist

n.人类学者

figureout

understand;reasonout理解；推断出

extend

v.（causeto）stretchorreach;makelargerorlonger延伸，伸展；扩大；加长

dealing

n.（usu.pl）businessrelations交易，买卖

plastic

a.塑料的

chip

n.薄片；碎片；集成电路片

expand

v.（causeto）growlarger扩大，扩展

switch

v.change;shift转换，变换

foil▲

n.金属薄片，箔

virtuous

a.showingmoralgoodness有道德的；善良的

envy

vt.,n.妒忌；羡慕

grape

n.葡萄

promptly

ad.immediately立即地

stem

n.茎，（树）干，（叶）梗

whale

n.鲸

cooperate

vi.actorworktogether合作，协作

behaviorist

n.行为主义者

insb.'sinterest（s）

tosb.'sadvantage为了某人的利益

gofar

helpverymuch;achievemuchsuccess帮助很大；很有成效

consultant

n.顾问

behavior

n.thewayoneactsorbehaves举止，行为

assess

vt.judgethequality,importanceorworthof评估，估量

judgment

n.判断；意见，看法

mate

n.配偶；伙伴，同事

thrive

vi.growstrongandhealthy;developwell茁壮成长；兴旺

atfirst

atthebeginning起先

stretcher

n.担架

emergency

n.anunexpectedanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithatonce紧急情况；突然事件

gowrong

stopdevelopingwell有毛病，出故障

halt

v.（causeto）stop停住，停止

throwup

（infml）vomit呕吐

apparently

ad.itisclear（that）明显地

sizeup

carefullyexamine（asituationorperson）inordertomakeajudgement估量，判断

release

vt.setfree释放

slide

v.（causeto）movesmoothlyalongasurface（使）滑动

primate

n.灵长目动物

evidence

n.sth.thatgivesareasonforbelievingsth.;trace证据；迹象

deceive

v.trytomake（sb.）believesth.thatisfalse欺骗

inaccessible

a.verydifficultorimpossibletoreach达不到的；难得到的

original

a.firstorearliest最初的；原始的

colony

n.（生长在同一地方的动物或植物）群，群体；殖民地

male

n.雄性动物或植物；男子

a.雄的；男（性）的

gaze

n.,v.凝视，注视

givein

让步；屈服；投降

underneath

prep.,ad.underorbelow在…下面，在…底下

pea-brained

a.笨的

turtle

n.（海）龟

survive

v.remainaliveinspiteof;continuetoliveorexistafter幸免于；继续存在，幸存

survivaln.

disaster

n.aneventcausinggreatsufferinganddamage灾难

wipeout

getridofordestroy消灭，消除

dinosaur

n.恐龙

horizon

n.眼界，见识；地平线

ProperNames

UgeneLinden

尤金·林登

CharleneJendry

查伦·延德里

ColumbusZoo

哥伦布动物园

Colo

科洛（文中指动物名）

Chantek

夏特克（文中指动物名）

LynMiles

琳·迈尔斯

UniversityofTennessee

田纳西大学

ZooAtlanta

亚特兰大动物园

GailLaule

盖尔·劳尔

Orky

奥基（文中指动物名）

Corky

科基（文中指动物名）

HelenShewman

海伦·休曼

Seattle

西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港市）

WoodlandParkZoo

伍德兰公园动物园

Melati

梅拉蒂（文中指动物名）

Towan

托温（文中指动物名）