英国文学 第二册知识点综合版.docx

英国文学 第二册知识点综合版.docx

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英国文学第二册知识点综合版

中南民族大学外语学院2011级英国文学

（二）考试资料

重点：

几大文化流派定义（背景、定义、代表人）

诗歌主旨

小说主旨、人物分析

TheRomanticPeriod（1798-1832）AgeofRevolution.（socialandeconomicrevolutions.）

一.TimeSpan:

extendsfromthelate18thcenturytothethirddecadeofthe19thcentury.

fromthepublicationofLyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》byWordsworthandColeridge,

secondeditionobyWordsworthservesasthemanifestoofRomanticism,in1798,tothedeathWalterScottin1832

2,closelylinkedtothefollowingsocialandintellectualeventsorfigures:

1.TheIndustrialRevolution.2.AmericanRevolution3.TheFrenchRevolution4.LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》

5.JeanJacqueRousseau（1712–1778）.6.EdmundBurke&ThomasPaine（twogreatthinkersandwriters）

二,Romanticismanditsfeatures

1,Definition:

Romanticism浪漫主义

1,RomanticismisaliterarytrendfightingagainsttheideaofEnlightenment.ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiodof1798—1832.ItbeginswiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsbyWilliamWordsworthandColeridgeandendswithSirWalterScott’sdeath.

2,Romanticismputemphasisonpassion,emotion,imagination,intuitionandnaturalbeauty.andinspiredmanyEnglishwritersandthedesireforpersonalfreedomandindividualrightsencouragedamoredaringandimaginativeapproachtobothlifeandliterature.

2,characteristics:

（1）anemphasisonfeeling,imagination,intuitionandallinallansubjectivism.

（2）alovefornature（3）abeliefinindividualityandfreedom（4）aglorificationofthecommonplace（5）aninterestinthepast,theunusual,theunfamiliar,thebizarreorthepicturesque（6）afeelingofloneliness

三,Literarydevelopmentinthisperiod

1,emphasisonfeelings,intuition,imaginationandindividualitybroughtabouttheflourishofpoetry

Thisisanageofpoetry

WilliamBlake,andRobertBurnswerethetwonotableforerunnersofromanticpoetry.

worksofWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,GeorgeGordonByron,PercyByssheShelleyandJohnKeatsrepresentedthehighestachievementsinromanticpoetry.

gainedfullmomentumwiththepublicationofLyricalBallads

2,thisagealsoproducedsomeinfluencialprose,Scottalonehaveattainedverywidereading

3,TheessaysofCharlesLamb.ThenovelsofJaneAustenandhistoricalnovelsofWalterScott

Scottmarkedthetransitionfromromanticismtotheperiodofrealismwhichfollowedit.

WilliamWordsworth

WilliamWordsworth（1770–1850）aleaderoftheromanticmovementinEngland

1843,PoetLaureate/lakepoets（Coleridge,southey）--beginningasradicalsandclosingasconservatives

1.Poeticprinciples（Intheprefaceof"LyricalBallads",hesetforthhisprinciplesofpoetry.）

Poetry:

“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.”

1）Subjectmatters:

incidentsandsituationsformcommonlife

2）Poeticlanguage:

“endeavoredtobringlanguageneartothereallanguageofman”.

Natureinspirespoetry

3）individualsensationsasthefoundationinthecreationandappreciationofpoetry.

4）Thetruefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplacethings.（humble,rusticlifeassubject-matter）从平常事物发现非凡的一面

Themostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetry,thepoetryofthegrowinginnerself,butalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinaryspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature.

2.Majorworks

LyricalBallads抒情诗集---themanifestoofEnglishRomanticism

---simplelanguage

---sympathywiththepoor

---fusionofnaturaldescriptionwithexpressionsofinwardstatesofmind

ThePrelude序曲posthumouslyin1850/hisgreatestwork/anautobiographicalpoem/beencalledalongjourneyhome.

---spiritualrecordofhismindandhisphilosophyoflife

“Lucy”poems

---harmonybetweenhumanityandnature

DescriptiveSketches,anEveningWalk黄昏漫步（1793）:

hisfirstvolumewritteninthe18thcenturyfeelingfornaturaldescription

PoemsinTwoVolumes双卷诗集（1807）:

contains“Ode:

IntimationsofImmortality”,theautobiographicalnarrative“ResolutionandIndependence”

TheExcursion远足漫游（1814）

LinesWritteninEarlySpring“早春诗行”

TotheCuckoo“致布谷鸟”

TheDaffodils“水仙花”

MyHeartLeapsUp“我的心激烈地跳动”

IntimationsofImmortality“不朽颂”

3.Wordsworthshortpoems

Accordingtothesubjectmatters,Wordsworth’sshortpoemscanbedividedintotwogroups:

thepoemsofnatureandthepoemsabouthumanlife.

Heisapoetofnatureandamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofthecommonpeople.

1）.Poemsaboutnature:

Agreatpoetofnature."aworshipperofnature'.

Forhim,naturebecomesaninspiringforceofrapture

2）.Poemsabouthumanlife

Hethinksthatacommonlifeistheonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.heisamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofcommonpeople.Thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.

4.Commentsonhim

*pathetic（忧郁、感情上的）picturesoftheworkingpeople---“TheSolitaryReaper孤独的收割者”

*sympathytothesufferingsofthepoor,humblepeasants----TheRuinedCottage被摧毁的房屋”“SimonLee西蒙·李”

“TheOldCumberlandBeggar老坎伯兰的乞丐”

*naivety天真ofsimplepeasantchildren-------“WeAreSeven”

5.Assessment

1.Wordsworth’sgoodpoetrywerewrittenduringthefirstdecadebetween1798and1801.Whenhelivedinseclusion,hispoemsbecamedeclinedandmoreandmoreconservativeinthought.

2.Wordsworth'spersonalityandpoetryweredeeplyinfluencedbyhisloveofnature,especiallybythesightsandscenesoftheLakeCountry,inwhichhespentmostofhismaturelife.Aprofoundlyearnestandsincerethinker,hedisplayedahighseriousnesscomparable,attimes,toMilton'sbuttemperedwithtendernessandaloveofsimplicity.

3.Wordsworth'searlierworkshowsthepoeticbeautyofcommonplacethingsandpeople.Hisuseofthelanguageofordinaryspeechwasheavilycriticized,butithelpedtoridEnglishpoetryofthemoreartificialconventionsof18th-centurydiction.

4.AlthoughWordsworthwasveneratedinthe19thcent.Bytheearly20thcent,hisreputationhaddeclined.Hewascriticizedfortheunevennessofhispoetry,forhisrathermarkedcapacityforbathos,andforhistransformationfromanopen-mindedliberaltoacrampedconservative.

Inrecentyears,however,WordsworthhasagainbeenrecognizedasagreatEnglishpoet:

aprofound,originalthinkerwhocreatedanewpoetictradition.

Pomes:

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

名句：

“invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude”

特点：

lyricpoem,rhetoricaldevice—personification,symbolismmeaning（daffodilrepresentthepoethimself）

Theme:

1,Thisissimplyasuperbpoemdepictingpoet'slovefornature.Itisalyricpoemfocusingonthepoet'sresponsetothebeautyofnature.Thepoetisneveralonewhenheiswithnature.Poetneverfelthimselfisolatedinthecompanyofnature.诗人对自然地赞美与喜爱之情

2.Thepoemtellsusthattheblisswecanenjoyintherealsenseofthetermifwecanmergeinthenature./thepathtospiritualEnlightenment./naturegivethepoetcourageandknowledgefullofpeace自然给人带来的东西

3.Natureembodieshumanbeingintheirdiversecircumstance.Thedaffodilinfactisasymbolofthepoethimself.

SheDweltamongtheUntroddenWays

名句“avioletbyamossystone“whenLucyceasedtobe;”

Halfhiddenfromtheeye!

-

---fairasastar,whenonlyone

Isshininginthesky”

特点：

three-stanzapoem

Throughoutthepoemsadnessandecstasyareintertwined.

Thepoet'ssubject'sisolatedsensitivityexpressesacharacteristicaspectofRomanticexpectationsofthehuman,andespeciallyofthepoet's,condition.

Theme:

Itwascomposedbothasameditationonhisownfeelingsoflonelinessandloss,andasanodetothebeautyanddignityofanidealizedwoman

ThetitlelineimpliesLucylivedunknownandremote,bothphysicallyandintellectually.

Lucy's"untroddenways"aresymbolictothepoetofbothherphysicalisolationandtheunknowndetailsofhermindandlife.

ComposeduponWestminsterbridge

1.特点：

Petrarchansonnetform/imagery/personification/

Thisschemedividesthepoemintotwo:

thefirsteightlines（octave）andthenextsix（sestet）.Betweenthesetwoisabreakcalledavolta.ABBAABBACDCDCD,

InWordsworth'sview,theairiscleanandonlythelightofthesunilluminatesthecity.Thepoettransmitstothereadersthecalmandthetranquilitydescribedinhispoem.

Heusesbeautifullanguageandcleverliterarydevices,especiallyimagery,tomakethecitycomealivebeforethereader'seyes.

ThesepersonificationsagainhelpustodrawtheconclusionthatWordsworthisconsideringasleepingcityaspartofnature.

Theseimagescombinetocreateabreathtakingimageofthemorningandasenseofcalmness.

2.sumary

Inthebeginningofthepoem,thepoetisdescribingthebeautyofthemorningsceneatWestminsterBridge.

Thebeautyofthecityisthatitissleeping.Therearenopeoplebustlingabout,thereisnosmoke...thesun（whichnote,isNature）mayonlyhavesuchadeepeffectonthecityatthistime,beforethecitybecomesacity-whilstitisstilljustbuildings.

2.Themes:

1）InthepoemthethemeisthatofNature.Londonisnotintroducedinitsnegativeaspect,butitisinsertedinnaturalscenery.BydescribingthebeautifulandtranquilmorninginLondon,theauthorreclaimedthatthecity,atthisparticularpointofday,doesnotclashwithnaturebutbecomesapartofnature.

2）Thepoetdisplaythebeautyofthecitythoughtasenseofadmiration,whichiscommunicatedthroughthedevelopmentofastrangeparadox,whichstatestheimpossibleunityoftwocontradictorythings:

theindustrialcityandtheorga