英语专业八级改错与校对练习学生讲义.docx

英语专业八级改错与校对练习学生讲义.docx

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英语专业八级改错与校对练习学生讲义

改错与校对练习

PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION

PassageOne

Itisverydifficultimagineaneducationalsystemwhichtransmitsvalues1.______

seriouslyinconflictwiththatofthegovernmentandthestate,orwhich2.______

contributesnothingtotrainingyoungpeoplefortheirfutureadultwork-roles.

However,educationalsystemsareoftenonlypartialsuccessful.Thisispartly3.______

becausepeoplehavedifferentviewsofwhatelementsofculture（normsand

values）shouldbestressedon,andwhatskillsareuseful.Suchdisagreementhas4.______

afundamentalbasisinsocialstructureofmodemBritainbecausethereisoften5.______

acontradictionamongthetwofunctionsofsocializationandtraining.Thisis6.______

becausethetwofunctionsarenoteasilyseparateinpractice.Thenormsand7.______

valuestransmittedtoanygroupofchildrenhavetobesomehowrelatingtothe8.______

kindsofskillstheytaught.Thecultureofthearistocracyisnotthesameas9.______

thatofworking-classneighborhoodsintheinnercities.Similarly,trainingfor

differentsortsofworkneedtobedifferent:

tobeproficientinLatinisnot10.______

usefultotheshopassistant,justasexpertiseinwoodworkisirrelevanttoauniversityteacher.

PassageTwo

Aspeopleliveinafast-movingworldwheretensionsbuildup,

dieeffectsoflong-distancemimingareuplifting.

Eachhillisapproachedasapositivechallenge,causingtherunner

togrowstronglywitheachstrideandleadinghimtotranquilityandharmony.1.______

Long-distancerunningthathelpsapersontoforgetpressureonfamily2.______

problemsaswellasjobrelatedannoyances.Anexamplecomesquicklyin3.______

mind.OnedayIhadareallyterriblefightwithmylandladyoversomefoolish

incident.Iscreamedandyelledatherbutsheverynearlythrewmeout.Afew4.______

minuteslater,Isetformydailyrun.Bytheendofthefirstmile,theargument5.______

seemedlikethebaddream.Attheendofthefourthmile,Iwas6.______

fullwithfeelingsofremorseandforgivenesstowardsthelandlady.Isawhow7.______

unreasonableIhavebeen,Istoppedatthelocalflowershopandboughtmy8.______

landladyabeautifulrose.whichIimmediatelygaveherIsteppedinsidethe9.______

house.Runninghasthatkindofeffectonmostrunners.Itmakesusfeel

positiveandserene.Incorporatinglong-distancerunningintoadailyroutine

willsignificantlychangearunner'slife.Idonotknowwhetheritcomesfrom

followingastrictroutinetheimprovedphysicalconditionoftherunner.10._____

ButIdoknowthatpeoplequicklybecomeaddictedtothesport.

PassageThree

Whatisdrug?

Mostofpeopleprobablythinkthere’saperfectsimple1._____

answertothisquestion.Infact,ifonecarriesaquicksurveyonanystreetcorner,

onefinds（hat,accordingtovastmajorityofpeople,therearetwogroups2._____

ofdrugs:

thoseprescribedbydoctors,andthosepeopletakefornon-medical

use.Asmedicineandmedicalprofessionaregenerallyself-respectful,there3.______

aren'tanyobjectionstotheuseofprescribeddrugs.Whatmoatpeopledon’t

realizeis（hatwhenprescribeddrugsareusuallybeneficial,theycanalso4.______

presentaseriousproblem.Thereweremanypeopleaddictedbytranquillizers5.______

beforedoctorsbegantoprescribethem:

nowtherebeingliterallymillionswho6.______

dependon（hem.Anacceptanceoftheuseofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsis

largelyamatterofaculture.SomeEasternpeoplethinktheuseofalcoholwith7.______

horror,mainlyasaresultofreligiousupbringing.However,thesesimilar8.______

peoplefreelyusemarijuanawithoutasecondthought,andthis,inturn,isn’t

acceptedinWesternculturewhichacceptsalcohol.InmostWesternsocieties,the9.______

tea-orcoffee-break'snowapartofthelife,Andhugequantitiesofthesedrinks10._______

areconsumeddaily.

PassageFour

Inacompetitiveandfast-pacedmodemsociety,busybusiness

executivesaresoengrossingin（heirworkthattheyhardlyknowwhat1.______

theword'leisure"means.Thehigheranexecutive’spositionisonthe

businessladder,themorehourshespendsonhiswork.Withaviewto

gaininggreatercorporatestandingorabigpayrise,he,asarule,far2._____

exceedsoverthe40-hourworkingweek.3._____

Theadditionalstressandtensionaswellastheshortageofsuitable4._____

restandrecreationveryoftenhaveadisastrouseffectonhishealth.Few

suchexecutivesrealizethatunlesstheylearnhowtorelax,theywillsoon

runofsteambeforetheygettothetopoftheexecutiveladder.Anoted5.______

Americanauthorityonleisurehassaidthat“Thekeytorelaxationtobusy6.______

executivesistoavoidthetypesofactivitiesthatarepartandparcelof

theirdailyworkandtodevotethemselvestotallytohaverecreational7.______

pursuitsforatleastapartofeachday,evenitisonlyforhalfanhour.8._____

Thosejobsrequireagreatdealofcontactwithotherscanengageinactivities9.____

thatarequietandpeaceful―farfromthemaddingcrowd,farfromclient10._____

andbusinessassociates.”

PassageFive

AirqualityinBritainhasimprovedconsiderablyinthelast30years.

Totalemissionsofsmokeintheairhaverisenbyover85percentsince1._____

1950.Thedomesticsmokingcontrolprogramhasbeenparticularly2._____

importantinachievingthisresult.Londonandothermajorcitiesno

longerhavethedensesmoke-laden“smogs”ofthe1950sbutincentral3.______

Londonwintersunshinehasincreasedbyabout70percentsince1958.

Since1990,everydayairpollutiondatafromtheBritishMonitoring

networkhasmadeavailabletothepublicbytheDepartmentofthe

Environment’sAirQuantityBulletins.Theseconcentratedthreemain4.______

pollutants-ozone,nitrogendioxideandsulphurdioxide—endgrade

airqualityonascalebetween“veryweak”and“verygood”.The5.______

informationfeaturesintelevisionandradioweatherreportsappears6.______

inmanynationalandLocalnewspapers.Therefore,7.______

thedataarealsoavailableonthespecialfreetelephonenumberandon8.______

videotextSystems.Acomprehensivereviewoftheissueofurbanizedair9.______

qualitywasannouncedinJanuary1992,Threeindependentcommitteesof

expertshavebeenestablishedtoadviseondifferentaspectsoftheproblem,

andwillsetguidelinesandtargetsforairquality.Thenetworkwillalsobeing10.______

extendedandupgradedatacostofmillion.

Passagesix

Theamazingsuccessofhumansasaspeciesistheresult

oftheevolutionarydevelopmentofourbrainswhichhastenedto

tool-using,tool-making,theabilitytosolveproblemsbylogical

reasoning,thoughtfulcooperation,andlanguage.Oneofthemost

strikingwaysinthatchimpanzeesbiologicallyresemblehumans1._____

liesinthestructureoftheirtrains.Thechimpanzee,withthe

capacityforprimitivereasoning,exhibitsatypeofintelligencelike2._____

thatofhumansthandoesany,othermammallivingtoday.Thebrain

ofthemodemchimpanzeeisprobablynottoodissimilartothebrain

thatsomanymillionsofyearsagodirectthebehaviorofthefirstape3._____

man.

Inalongtime,thefactthatprehistoricpeoplemadetoolswas4._____

consideredtobeoneofthemajorcriteriondistinguishingthemfrom5._____

othercreatures.Itistruethatthechimpanzeedoesnotfashiontoolsto

“aregularandsetpattern”butthen,prehistoricpeople,aftertheir6._____

developmentofstonetools.

Undoubtedlypokedaroundwithsticksandstraws,atwhich

stageitseemsunlikelythattheymadetoolstoasetpatterntoo.7._____

Itisbecausethecloseassociationinmostpeople’smindsof8._____

toolswithhumansthatspecialattentionhasalwaysbeenfocusedupon

anyanimalabletouseanobjectiveasatool;butitisimportanttorealize9._____

thatthisability,onitsown,doesnotnecessarilyindicateanyspecial

intelligenceinthecreatureconcerning.10._____

Passageseven

Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebridalcouple

promiseseachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneoutoffour1._____

Americanmarriagesendsindivorce.Since1940,thedivorcerate

hasmorethandoubled,andexpertspredictthat,ofallmarriages

thatoccuredinthe1970s,about50%willendindivorce,TheUSA2._____

isoneofthehighestdivorceratesintheworld,perhapseventhehighest.3._____

Whatgoeswrong?

Thatfactthatdivorceissocommoninthe

UnitedStatesdoesnotmeanthatAmericansconsidermarriageacasual,

unimportantrelationship.Justoppositeistrue.Americansexpecta4._____

greatdealfrommarriage.Theyseekphysical,emotional,and

intellectualcompatibility.Theywanttobeloveddeepandunderstood.5.______

ItisbecauseAmericansexpectsomuchfrommarriagethatsomany

getdivorce.Theyprefernomarriageatalltoamarriagewithoutlove6.______

andunderstanding.WithtypicalAmericanoptimist,theyendone7.______

marriageinthehopeofthatthenextwillbehappier.Withno-fault8.______

divorcelawsinmanystates,Itiseasierthannevertogetadivorce.9.______

SomeAmericanWomenstayinunhappymarriagesbecausetheydo

nothavetheeducationorjobexperiencetosupportthemselvesand

theirchildren.ButmostAmericanwomenbelievethat,ifnecessary,

theycanmakeitlonelywithoutahusband.Allthingsconsidered,10._____

Americanshavelittlerea